DE3703936A1 - Roofing structure for large dumps - Google Patents

Abstract

A roofing structure for large refuse dumps comprises a load-bearing structure composed of supports (10) which are distributed in the form of a grid over the dump and are made up of support elements which can be stacked one above the other and are configured as hollow bodies upon which it is possible to walk, the roof structure being subdivided into individual roof sections (42) which correspond to the grid of the supports and of which each is borne, such that they can be vertically displaced individually, on the appertaining supports. The hollow support elements (12) remain in the dump, even after the latter has been recultivated, and serve as operating enclosures for measurements and the like which are to be carried out. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a roof construction for Landfill sites, with a roof structure and one of these load-bearing support structure. In particular relates the present invention on large landfills in relative deep pits are to be created.

In the case of landfills, there is often a requirement for an over roofing of the landfill, especially to prevent Rainwater penetrates into the material stored there, un desired chemical reactions and an on flooding of landfill material into the ground and thus last Lich also causes in the groundwater what environmental protection would be unjustifiable.

It is known for landfills of smaller size, and ins particularly low height of about 10 to 15 m to the top roof of the landfill a permanently installed hall system to use, which is in the manner of the industrial halls known today is built. These halls are under construction built as steel halls and clad with trapezoidal sheet. With a pit depth of about 10 to 15 m, these must be Halls have a height of about 20 m to ensure safe make sure that even with landfill filled with waste between the top of the landfill and the roof of the hall are bright Measure of approx. 6 m remains. This clearance of about 6 m is required to be below at the maximum backfill height the roofing with common landfill vehicles such as To be able to work with containers or tippers.

In the case of medium-sized landfill sites, the level is relatively low pit to be filled and reasonably flat terrain such a permanently installed hall construction in finan justifiable from a commercial point of view. With a large landfill with an area of, for example, 200 m by 400  m, a pit depth of, for example, 30 m and more wise additional terrain inclinations is one permanently installed hall system practically no longer reali sizable. To even when the pit in the pit is completely filled to be able to work in this area, such halls would have to be one Height of 45 to 50 m have what technical and finan reasons can no longer be realized.

The present invention is therefore based on the object a roof construction, especially for large landfills and especially to create large landfill heights that is structurally simple and yet variable and finan cost is justifiable.

This object is essentially achieved according to the invention solved that the support structure from across the landfill Grid-shaped supports are formed which stackable support elements consist of that the roof structure in the grid of the columns corresponding individual roof fields is divided and that each roof field individually adjustable on the assigned supports is worn.

The roof construction according to the invention points against the considerable advantage over the known prior art to ensure that they are connected to the existing landfill height without can be further adjusted by starting the column height Lich selected and with increasing backfill the landfill simply by placing additional supports elements increased to the existing column elements becomes. In the construction according to the invention ensured that the roof structure to the same extent, how the garbage height increases is also raised.

After the lower pillar as the garbage pile grows elements of the supports are increasingly disappearing in the garbage mountain the whole and must be supported by it Canopy construction not as a hall of 40 or 50  m height is rather designed for static Design of the system essentially only from part of the backfilled landfill material sight.

Made up of individual, stackable support elements Composing column structure enables it together hang with the subdivision of the entire roof structure into individual roof fields according to the grid of the columns, each of these roof fields regardless of other roof fields in to spend the desired or required amount gen. This is on the one hand in the simplest possible way to compensate for inclines and other terrain formations Chen, and further individual landfill areas are primarily filled in and the roof construction can still be customized to these individual areas be fit.

According to a further, particularly advantageous feature of Invention are the stackable support elements as walkable Hollow body with extending in the vertical direction Cavity formed, expediently as ready-mixed concrete parts with square and circular cross-section. After the supports in the landfill material elements after the landfill pit has been completely filled, Dismantling of the roof structure and recultivation of the landfill can be left in the landfill as accessible Hollow body-shaped support elements in the simplest Be equipped as an operational part of the landfill, for example for leachate detection, as gas shafts or to carry out the necessary monitoring measurements and sampling.

Accordingly, it is useful if in further out staltung the invention, the support elements each one have walk-on platform, preferably below the upper end of the support element is formed, so that the upper end region of the support element is a parapet  forms for the platform. To move from a support element in getting the other one is still convenient provided that the platform preferably one when needed has lockable access. Furthermore, in A vertical ladder is featured inside each support element see that makes walking on the prop easier.

The height of each support element is preferably between 4 and 15 m, in particular around 6 or about 12 m. With a square cross section of the hollow body-shaped support element is the measured outside Edge length preferably about 2.5 m.

The height adjustability of the individual roof fields is realized according to the invention in that at the upper end region the supports are fitted with a pulling device. This train furnishing is preferred in a particularly cost-effective manner wise trained as a winch, the inside of each the uppermost support element is arranged, the pull rope the winch over pulleys to the outside of the support is guided and attachable to the roof panel with its end is. In particular, the winch can be on the platform of the uppermost support element and the deflection roller arrangement on the upper face of the parapet.

After excepting on the outer corners of the Column grid columns of each column more than a roof field is assigned - each inner column 4 roofs or 4 roof corners are assigned - is according to one provided a further advantageous feature of the invention, that the traction device relative to the support by a vertical Axis is adjustable, so that the pulling device if necessary can lift any of the adjacent roof ceilings.

To avoid twisting the roof panels when lifting, which could lead to excessive material stress, is expediently provided that the roof field associated pulling devices can be operated synchronously.  If necessary, the trains assigned to a roof field can be used directions can also be controlled so that a roof field in an optionally desired inclination is brought.

The individual roof fields could in principle also their height adjustment carried by the pulling device will. According to a further advantageous feature of However, the invention provides that on the support elements th support devices for the roof fields provided on which the roof fields are removable, in particular even if the supports are made by placing an additional Lichen support element must be raised and for this the towing equipment disassembled and on the additional Support element can be reassembled. This edition directions are preferably adjustable in height, for which purpose in particularly simple way the lateral support elements Have openings for receiving support beams. Purpose there is a moderate number on each support element formed by openings arranged one above the other, so that the roof panels on each support element differed in heights are supported.

After the grid of the landfill grid distributed supports is preferably relatively large, d. H. between 20 and 60 m, in particular between 30 and 50 m lies, and the individual support elements so should be as light as possible to the up set additional support elements as simply as possible to design it is food for the present invention tiell that the construction of the individual roof fields possible is as light as possible. For this it is according to another Feature of the invention provided that the roof fields as self-supporting lattice structure are formed, the is covered with a waterproof cover, this Covering in particular on the lattice structure stretched tarpaulin can be formed.  

Each roof field expediently consists of a large number of elongated, parallel to each other, along their Longitudinally connectable roof elements, from each of which is designed as a triangular truss is. The attached individual roof elements can end on a common bearing bracket lie on, preferably also as a triangular truss binder is formed.

The aforementioned construction of the individual roof fields is particularly light and yet also for roof field sizes of approximately 40 by 40 m sufficiently stable.

The present invention also relates to a method for the construction and dismantling of a roof for large waste landfills, which are characterized by the following steps is:

• a) Stackable column elements are selected according to a in particular square grid on the landfill poses,
• b) roof fields corresponding to the grid of the columns held in height on the support elements and individually brought to the desired height,
• c) with increasing garbage height, the roof fields are ent speaking raised,
• d) as soon as the garbage height a predetermined distance from The upper edge of the column elements is reached, more Support elements on the existing support elements sets and raised the roof fields accordingly,
• e) the roof fields are removed to dismantle the roof distant and at least the lower support elements in the Leave landfill.

The method according to the invention consequently enables individual adaptation of the roof construction the respective landfill height and any existing site inclinations without the roof construction already from the outset to the maximum construction height  should be laid. After the lower prop elements can be left in the landfill after recultivation landfill in a variety of ways as business premises to be used.

The particularly light construction chosen according to the invention of the roof fields and related to the individual Support elements open the possibility according to one particularly advantageous feature of the invention Place the support elements using a helicopter. This allows the large reserves that are otherwise required costs for cranes can be saved. Such cranes should to reach the middle of the landfill, boom of over 100 m.

Further advantageous features of the invention result from the other subclaims in connection with the following description in which the invention is described in more detail, for example. Show in the drawing in semi-schematic or schematic representation:

Fig. 1 shows the outline of a landfill to be used as a large pit,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the pit of Fig. 1 along line AA,

Fig. 3 is a cross section of the pit according to Figures 1 and 2 in the plane D 1 -. D 1,

Fig. 4 is a section through the pit in accordance with Figures 1 and 2 in the plane D 2 -. D 2,

Figure 5 is a section through the pit in accordance with Figures 1 and 2 in the plane D 3 -.. D 3,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the pit of Fig 1 and 2 in the plane D 4 -. D 4,

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the pit of Fig. 1 with the zeichnetem column grid,

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section through the pit of Fig. 7 taken along the line BB with dash-dotted lines, indicated Support division,

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a support member of a support,

Fig. 10 a section through the support element according to FIG. 9 in the plane CC,

Fig. 11 is a plan view of the deflecting support of the support elements of FIG. 10,

Fig. 12 is a view of the deflecting support of FIG. 11 from the front,

Fig. 13 is a side view of the umlenkbocks shown in FIG. 11,

Fig. 14 is a plan view of design of a roof box of Canopy,

Fig. 15 is a side view of the roof panel according to Fig. 14 in the direction of arrow D,

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a roof box member to form a roof panel according to Fig. 14,

Fig. 17 is a longitudinal section through a roof field element shown in FIG. 16,

Fig. 18 is a plan view of a roof box element according to Fig. 16,

Fig. 19, the support of the roof panel elements according to Fig. 16,

Fig. 20 is a side view of the roof construction at still empty landfill

Fig. 21 is a side view of FIG. 20, wherein said landfill is, however, already partially filled,

Fig. 22 is a longitudinal section through the landfill, which shows the positions of the roof boxes with filled landfill

Fig. 23 is a sectional view of the landfill of Fig. 22 in the plane D 1 with different altitudes of the Dachfel,

Fig. 24 is a sectional view fields of the landfill of Fig. 22 in the plane D 2 with different heights of the roof,

Fig. 25 shows a section through the landfill according to Fig. 22 in the plane D 3 with different heights of the roof fields, and

Fig. 26 is a sectional view of the landfill of Fig. 22 in the plane D 4 with different heights of the roof fields.

Existing clay pits are preferably used to create landfills. Such a clay pit is shown as an example in FIGS. 1 to 6. This clay pit has external dimensions of over 200 m by over 400 m and a maximum depth of approximately 30 m, whereby due to the given terrain formation, the pit also has an inclined position in the longitudinal direction of about 10 m. The landfill material to be filled in the pit consists primarily of inorganic waste such as slag, dust, production residues and the like. In order to prevent rainwater from entering the landfill, in particular to avoid chemical reactions, putrefaction and flooding of landfill material into the ground, the landfill must be reconsidered. A fixed roof would require a maximum height of approximately 50 m, taking into account the maximum pit depth, the inclined position of the pit and the space between the landfill surface and the roof, even when the pit is filled, of at least 6 m, i.e. such a structure would have to be 50 height m with a roof area of around 100,000 square meters.

The concept according to the invention is now realized in the case of the exemplary embodiment described here in that, as can be seen from FIG. 7, grid-like individual supports 10 are distributed over the entire pit area including embankments, which consist of individual, stackable support elements 12 and between an individual roof panel can be individually adjusted in height.

In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, a square grid is provided, but a hexagonal grid, for example, could also be expedient if required. The grid spacing is 40 m in the case of the present embodiment, so that a total of 91 supports are distributed on the depot 8 .

Each support 10 comprises one or more stackable support elements 12 , which can be connected to one another by positive and / or non-positive connection, as shown in particular in FIGS. 9 and 10. The support elements 12 are prefabricated concrete, possibly with the necessary arming tion, formed and have a square cross-section. Of course, other cross sections, in particular circular cross sections, are also possible.

The outer diameter of a column element is 2.5 m and its length is 6 m. The thickness of the side walls 14 be about 20 to 30 cm depending on the structural requirements. The vertical cavity 16 of each support member 12 is interrupted by a horizontal platform 18 which is integrally formed with the side walls 14 , extends substantially over the entire cross section of the cavity 16 and has a passage 20 in a corner, which at Need can be closed by means of a lid, not shown. Over the entire height of the support element 12 , a vertical ladder 22 is fastened to the inside of a side wall 14 in the area of the access 20 , which is preferably secured with fall protection, not shown. The platform 18 is arranged on the support element 12 at such a height that the upper half of the platform 18 side wall area forms a parapet 24 of about 1 m in height.

In the side walls 14 of the support elements 12 , horizontal openings 26 are formed directly above the level of the platform 18 , which serve to receive support supports to be inserted into the openings 26 , which, as will be described further below, serve as supports for the individual roof fields. In addition to the openings 26 shown in FIG. 10, further openings which are evenly distributed over the length of the support element 12 can be provided in order to enable the roof fields to be fixed relative to the support element 12 at different heights.

In the middle of the working platform 18 , an electromotive cable winch 30 is fastened to a bearing plate 28 , the traction cable 32 of which is guided outwards via a deflection frame 34 via the balustrade 24 of the support element. The deflection bracket 34 is fastened to the upper end face of a side wall 14 of the support element 12 via a bearing plate 36 and carries two deflection rollers 38 , 40 arranged one behind the other for guiding the pull cable 32 . The cable winch 30 can be rotated through 90 ° or a multiple thereof about the vertical via the bearing plate 28 . Likewise, the deflection bracket 34 can be moved onto each of the four side walls 14 , so that the cable winch arrangement can be assigned to one of the maximum four roof fields adjoining the sides of the support elements 12 .

As can be seen from FIG. 14, a roof panel 42 is arranged between each four supports 10 . Each roof panel 42 is composed of a plurality of roof panel elements 44 which can be connected along their longitudinal edge, the structure of which is illustrated most clearly in FIG. 16. Each roof panel element 44 consists of two roof parts 46 , 48 which are inclined by approximately 5 ° with respect to the horizontal and which form a gable 50 at their connecting point. A catwalk 62 with a railing 64 is formed along the two lower end edges of each roof panel element 44 . The roof panel element 44 is constructed as a triangular truss and is self-supporting, but very lightweight. A rain gutter 52 is mounted on one side along a longitudinal edge of each roof panel element 44 . The tightness of the roof structure is achieved by tarpaulin 54 , through which the trusses are covered. Each of the roof panel elements 44 has a width of approximately 2.5 m.

The individual roof panel elements 44 are fastened to one another parallel to one another and together form a roof panel 42 according to FIG. 14. On the eaves side, the roof panel elements 44 lie on both sides on a common bearing bracket 56 , cf. Fig. 15 and Fig. 19, which is also designed as a triangular truss.

Each roof panel 42 can be raised or lowered as a whole as a unit via the cable winch arrangements 28 to 40 attached to each of the supports 10 . For this purpose, the ends of the pull cables 32 are connected to corresponding lifting eyes formed on the corner portions of each roof panel 42 via hooks or the like fastened to the cable ends. In order to ensure a uniform lifting of all four corners of a roof panel 42 , the cable winches assigned to a roof panel can be controlled synchronously.

To expand the existing pit 6 as a landfill, the pit including its slopes is first profiled in the required manner. The excavation work for the foundations 60 for the supports 10 is then produced. After completion of the concrete work for the foundations 60 , the supports 10 are built up in the required height. It may also be preferable to proceed in such a way that the excavation work, concrete work, backfill work and the support removal are each completed for certain areas of the landfill before the corresponding work is started in another area.

As soon as the supports are removed to the required height, the roof panels 10 are installed and brought to the required height. Fig. 20 shows a situation in which a part of the entire roof structure has already been set up, the individual roof fields are evidently at different heights in adaptation to the existing terrain formation and pits.

Is now the filling of the landfill so far advanced that the required minimum distance area between garbage upper and roof is reached, as shown in Fig. 21, the right Darge in Fig. 21 stelIten have two rows of supports are aufgehöht by placing additional support elements and the Roof fields are raised accordingly.

For this purpose, the additional support elements 12 'are preferably fitted by means of a helicopter or also by means of a crane to the existing support elements. The cable winch arrangement located in the lower support element is hoisted upwards by means of a cable or the like and is rebuilt on the upper platform in the appropriate position. In this situation, the individual roof fields rest on support beams, not shown, which are inserted into the openings 26 of the support elements 12 described above. The rope ends of the rope winch arrangements are now connected again to the corresponding roof field and the roof field is raised to the desired height by actuating the four assigned rope winches. Then the support beams can be inserted into the new, higher-lying openings of the support elements and the roof panel can be placed on this support beams.

After the individual roof areas have different heights have, it is necessary to have additional end faces Provide covers to prevent driving rain got into the landfill. You can either use the tarpaulin the roof skin pulled down accordingly on the front or it can be additional frontal scaffolding constructions similar to a truss can be provided, on which tarpaulins are then stretched. You can also additional seals in the area of the individual supports by means of tarpaulin or the like to prevent rainwater between the supports and the roof fields into the landfill.

From FIGS. 22 to 26, the height position of the individual roof fields in dependence on the filling height of the landfill is visible. When the maximum fill level is reached, the roof structure is dismantled and the uppermost support elements that protrude from the landfill are pulled upwards and can be reused. The upper ends of the supports are closed with suitable lids and partly remain as service shafts. The larger part of the hollow supports is also filled with waste and closed. Finally, the landfill is recultivated. For this purpose, various barriers are first built up over the garbage surface using foils, clay and the like, before mother soil is applied and planted in a suitable manner.

The service shafts can be used for a wide variety of purposes are used, especially for leachate detection,  

for gas measurement, for sampling and others, at landfills required or desirable surveillance work.

Claims (32)

1. Roof construction for waste landfills, with a roof construction and a support structure supporting this, characterized in that the support structure is formed by grid-shaped supports ( 10 ) distributed over the landfill ( 8 ), which supports consist of stackable support elements ( 12 ), that the roof structure in the grid of the supports ( 10 ) ent speaking individual roof panels ( 42 ) is divided, and that each roof panel ( 42 ) on the associated supports ( 10 ) is carried individually adjustable in height. 2, roof construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the stackable support elements ( 12 ) are designed as a walk-in hollow body with a cavity ( 16 ) extending in the vertical direction. 3. Roof construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support elements ( 12 ) are designed as prefabricated concrete parts. 4. Roof construction according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the support elements ( 12 ) have a square or circular cross section. 5. Roof construction according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the amount of a each support element between 4 and 15 m, preferably is about 6 or about 12 m. 6. Roof construction according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that with a square cross-section of the hollow-shaped support element ( 12 ) the outside edge length measured is about 2.5 m. 7. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the support elements ( 12 ) are of identical design. 8. Roof construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pulling device ( 28 to 40 ) for adjusting the height of the roof panels ( 42 ) is attached to the upper end of the supports ( 10 ). 9. Roof construction according to claim 8, characterized in that the pulling device is designed as a cable winch ( 30 ). 10. Roof construction according to claim 9, characterized in that the cable winch ( 30 ) is arranged in the interior of the uppermost support element ( 12 ) and that the traction cable ( 32 ) of the cable winch ( 30 ) roll over deflection ( 38 , 40 ) to the outside the support ( 10 ) is guided. 11. Roof structure according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the pulling device ( 28 to 40 ) is adjustable about a vertical axis. 12. Roof construction according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the pulling devices ( 28 to 40 ) assigned to a roof field ( 42 ) can be actuated synchronously. 13. Roof construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the uppermost support element ( 12 ) has a walk-on platform ( 18 ). 14. Roof structure according to claim 13, characterized in that in the case of the formation of the support elements ( 12 ) as a hollow body, the platform ( 18 ) is formed below half of the upper end of the hollow body, so that the upper end region of the support element ( 12 ) is a parapet ( 24 ) for the platform ( 18 ). 15. Roof structure according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the platform ( 18 ) has an optionally closable access ( 20 ). 16. Roof structure according to one of claims 8 to 12 and according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the pulling device ( 28 , 30 ) is fixed on the platform ( 18 ). 17. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of the formation of the support element ( 12 ) as a hollow body, a vertical ladder ( 22 ) is provided in the interior of the support element. 18. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual support elements ( 12 ) interlock positively. 19. Roof structure according to one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that at least one of the support elements ( 12 ) is designed as an operating shaft for seepage water sampling, sampling, measurements such as gas measurement or the like. 20. Roof construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that elements support devices ( 26 ) for the roof panels ( 42 ) are provided on the supports. 21. Roof structure according to claim 20, characterized characterized in that the support devices height are adjustable. 22. A roof structure according to claim 21, characterized in that the support elements ( 12 ) have lateral openings ( 26 ) for receiving support beams. 23. Roof structure according to claim 22, characterized in that a plurality of openings ( 26 ) arranged one above the other are formed on each support element ( 12 ). 24. Roof construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid dimension of the supports ( 10 ) distributed in a grid-like manner over the landfill is between 20 and 60 m, preferably between 30 and 50 m. 25. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof panels ( 42 ) are designed as self-supporting lattice structures, which is covered with a waterproof cover ( 54 ). 26. Canopy construction according to claim 25, characterized in that the cover of the grid construction spanned tarpaulin ( 54 ) is formed. 27. Roof structure according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the roof panel ( 42 ) consists of a plurality of elongated, parallel, mutually interconnectable along its longitudinal roof panel elements ( 44 ), each of which is preferably a triangular truss is. 28. Roof construction according to claim 27, characterized in that the individual roof panel elements ( 44 ) lie on the end of a common bearing support ( 56 ). 29. Roof structure according to claim 28, characterized in that the bearing bracket ( 56 ) are designed as a triangular truss. 30. A method for setting up and dismantling a roof of large waste landfills, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps:

• a) stackable support elements ( 12 ) are set up on the landfill according to a selected, in particular square, grid,
• b) roof fields ( 42 ) corresponding to the grid of the supports are held on the support elements ( 12 ) in a height-adjustable manner and are individually brought to the desired height,
• c) with increasing garbage height, the roof fields ( 42 ) are raised accordingly,
• d) as soon as the garbage height reaches a predetermined distance from the upper edge of the support elements, further support elements are placed on the existing support elements and the roof fields are raised accordingly,
• e) to dismantle the roof, the roof panels are removed and at least the lower support elements are left in the landfill.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the placement of the further support elements by means a helicopter. 32. Stackable support element for carrying a roof con structure for waste landfills, characterized by the characteristic features of one or more of the Claims 2 to 11 or 13 to 23.