DE3622305A1 - LIFTING DEVICE FOR LIFTING VEHICLES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a mast for lifting witnesses, especially forklifts, with each other other extendable mast parts, their guide devices conditions with play.

Such a mast consists of a standing mast and at least one extendable mast section and a load carrier ger especially a load fork on the inner mast part, especially at the highest extendable mast section. Fer ner are drive means for extending the mast and of the load carrier provided, the mutually movable Mast parts are guided together by guide rollers that each extending parallel to the roller axes Bridges for edging the professional guide rollers len run an adjacent mast part. This leadership role len are the leaders in special training facilities.  

The game mentioned is necessary for example for users leadership roles because they only run on one side neighboring mast section run while the other side must be free, because otherwise one of the respective movements ent opposing force would be introduced. Such a game is already functionally necessary.

Toleran also creates leeway zen, even if it has a role as a management facility can be made exactly, but also the above functional game is observed. This has to be taken into account see that the struts of the mast parts of the mast depending on their manufacture and also with arise under complicated shape of the respective profile. Such mast struts are rolled hot or in addition pulled cold.

The load carrier also belongs to the extendable mast parts. The mast shots brought together are thus together Guide rollers performed that on the outer or lower Ren mast part a guide role on top and on the adjacent inner and extendable mast part a guide roll is arranged below. Thereby under the Bela the load carrier occurring tilting moments recorded. The arrangement below and above results in one safe guidance as large a distance as possible, which is small most value due to the overlap of the mast parts in the driving condition.  

Apart from those introduced by necessary tolerances Though there is scope for roles, because the circumferential sections front and back in ver move in different directions and an intervention only on the Webbing is provided, which is normally the tread form while the the opposite profile parts forming webs have a small distance. Im out driven state these margins because of the ones the load on the load carrier is largely balanced chen. But if the mast is retracted, that is in its retracted position, and ins still special, even if the load carrier in the bottom ren position is arranged, the one-sided decreases due to the large coverage, and the game Spaces act as spaces for movement in which the can hit each other back and forth.

This is particularly disadvantageous when such a stroke scaffolds are designed with a so-called free lift. A such free lift means that the load carrier at driven mast on this in its upper position ge can be driven. This is an essential plant wise, because an operation of the lifting vehicle is run in a mast and already with lifting movements of the load carrier is possible, so the total height of the lifting vehicle remains the same. This makes door passages and the like adhered to and operation in low rooms, such as Wagons or on trucks, allows. In these cases we the room for maneuver in the mutual tours disadvantageous.  

The drive means mentioned are known. They contain at least one hydraulically operated cylinder piston device for extending either only the load carrier in the version with free lift or an extendable Mast shot, then chain or rope connections are arranged to the other mast parts. At the Frei The cylinder piston device can thus perform the stroke be seen that, for example, when starting an An strikes another on an extendable mast section the load carrier drove the other extendable mast sections telescopically.

The invention relates to masts with free lift or without Free lift with a two, three or multiple telescope mast. If the truck is retracted The mast, which is brought together, can be moved Mast parts due to the aforementioned margins move against each other. Such a movement arises especially through the movement impulses when starting or Braking the truck. This creates a first Noise. In the same sense, impacts from Un work flatness of the floor.

The noise is already disadvantageous. This sound ent stands by the mutual striking of the guide facilities, especially leadership roles and leads to Wear of the same.

It also arises depending on the loads absorbed Vibrations that not only cause rapid wear  the guide means in particular damage to Leading roles and their running surfaces lead over at all in the event of the unpredictable occurrence of a reso cause extensive destruction, especially but also due to their influences, the positioning control of a lifting vehicle.

The invention is based, to begin with specified extendable mast so that it practically a play-free on when retracted represents the familiar sounds and also Schwin avoids and at the same time mutual leadership facilities, in particular those that come into engagement with one another Guide parts protected from rapid wear.

This object is achieved in that Ends at least the extendable mast parts except on the highest extendable mast section resilient compensation opening lay to compensate for the game to the neighboring mast part are arranged and at least with each retracted Mast parts come into engagement. Through this compensation of the margins are noise and vibrations avoided and a gentle treatment of each other in Interventional management facilities achieved. The fe changes in the execution of the compensation requirements Resilience, which is a compression at Ein drive or a corresponding adjustment at all The mast can be extended or retracted because none significant inhibition of the entry movement should take place. The suspension is also chosen so that no jamming the mast shots are created together. The suspension effect is based on the mass of the mast parts and also that dependent loads.  

The highest extendable mast section can also handle the load be sluggish.

In the particularly preferred embodiment, resilient com pensations on the lower ends of the extendable Mast parts on the inside of the next lower mast partially comprehensive profile for the management facility arranged. As a result, damping does not only take place in the lowered state, but during the entire extension movement up to the fully extended mast, whereby the ses by only one resilient compensation pad is achieved. But this also results in particular Advantage that when the mast is retracted, the compensa tion is effective and no abrupt when extending changes occur. The compensation Edition, especially nib, in the sense of the opposite effect on the load by the load carrier. This poses also be compared to other compensation arrangements particularly advantageous solution.

In another advantageous embodiment are resilient Compensation supports at the lower ends of the mast parts arranged at the front, and the higher extendable ones Mast parts move to this compensation when lowering Requirements. As a result, the compensation requirements in the lowered state of the mast or briefly before each the lowest positions of the mast parts to effect.

Resilient compensation open are expediently included were at the top and bottom of at least one mast part, whereby then the arrangement above, especially in the front with such Ab stood from the upper end that is provided at this Mast section higher extendable mast section with its overlap in the most extended position still the one above arranged compensation pad covered, and below  a compensation requirement, also as an overrun requirement, is arranged. This enables damping in particular strong in the lowered position, but at the same time also balancing the game at the top of the stroke scaffolded and damped throughout the extension Move. It is included in accordance with the previously described benen solutions that the compensation requirements above and down on the inside of an extendable mast section are arranged, with respect to mutual mast shots an arrangement is provided so that the compen sations, especially feathers, without mutual Touch even when the mast is extended remain among themselves.

In the above version, in which the one on the movable mast parts by guide rollers which are guided is advantageous at least at the stand mast and the lower extendable mast sections below one fe extending over a lower length changing compensation edition, in particular as a spring ordered, at least in the retracted position of the Mast with struts of adjacent mast sections below Production of a backlash-free proof comes into play and scope between the struts of the mast shots and the mast or in the profiles on the guide rollers by pressing. A spring is an advantageous one Design of the resilient compensation pad. Before is pulled in a version in which the springs the front of the mast parts are arranged so that the Fe on the lower ends of the standing mast and mast shots with at least one up each part of the mast on which the spring or compensation Pad is attached, oblique flank executed are.  

As a result, the intervention of the compensation requirements relieved, and jams are then avoided when the parts are moved apart again.

In the above sense, these aspects apply in one partial execution for the free lift, the ent speaking elastic definition of the load carrier in the lower position.

It is preferred, however, that the highest one extendable mast section on which load carrier with rollers are guided, below resilient compensation requirements ins specially arranged as springs, which with the Engage the load carrier in its lower position.

In this respect, the load carrier is also in its lower position lung set elastically. For the load carrier is the in in this sense lower position is not the lowest position, in which the load carrier as a load bearing fork for receiving egg ner load can be lowered from the floor, but the position, in which the load carrier is located when the Load is transported with the mast retracted. For such a case is preferred that the resilient com compensation pads, especially feathers, on the mast shot on which the load carrier is guided, also on the un lower end have a ramp surface.

In another advantageous embodiment, in which the Compensation supports at the bottom on the inside of a mast are partially provided, in particular as springs  led compensation requirements at the lower ends of all extendable mast shots to attach to one when exiting ren next mast shot or the standing mast arranged and are in every setting of the mast. There is damped in the special version reached every extended mast position.

In a preferred embodiment, in particular with An order of the springs on the front of the mast parts these are designed as leaf springs with one leg each attached to the bottom of a strut of a mast part are and at the front of the struts in a profile are arched up and in the area of the upper En of the obliquely directed ramp surface. This is a simple embodiment, the rest also after is easy to install and thanks to its design or by their material properties to the respective load conditions is customizable.

The raised section is expedient Lichen S-shaped and supports itself with the upper Curvature from the mast part to which the spring is attached where the back bend is less than the off curvature of the spring next to the fastening end. Hereby a particularly favorable design is created.

The springs with a horizontal leg are useful attached under the one strut of a mast part.  

In the other advantageous embodiment, the ins arranged on the inside of the extendable mast sections neten feathers or the constantly applied feathers middle projecting section and movably mounted Buttresses on. This gives flexibility in both Directions guaranteed.

The springs are expediently essentially W-shaped executed and at the bent back ends by pins kept agile.

In a preferred embodiment are for spring retainers tion bearing blocks on a mast section or on the mast see and at a distance from these with sideways out shear pin, which at the ends of the feathers formed legs are reached formed by the bearing blocks encompassing longitudinal slots are. This will maintain compliance once created a lateral guide at the ends on the other hand, a simple definition in Longitudinal direction of the mast part.

Such a particularly essentially W-shaped spring design and their arrangement is particularly suitable to the compensation-support arrangement mentioned above on the front of a mast section.

The version with springs advantageously includes that S-shape with the raised section or the W-shape straight sections is executed, being in the case of S-shape the upper and in the case of the W-shape both back  curved legs are short. This will make one simple manufacture achieved in which the Federverver like is adjustable with great accuracy.

In another advantageous embodiment, as a com pensations-Rest feather pillow from a resilient dimension material provided by gluing, welding or the like arranged on the front of the mast parts are net and at least at their top end the oblique have running ramp surface. Such feather pillows can be made of rubber, plastic or the like.

Expediently, the ones arranged below each extend Compensation pads or springs at a height from the bottom End of a mast section, which is the height of one at the bottom Ren end of an extension mast arranged guide roller enough. It can be seen from this that the compensation on lay or feathers only one with respect to the extension of the Mast parts have a short length, especially since they only include retracted mast should come into engagement. There at understands that the mast parts, mast and Mast shots, each having side struts, and each a compensation pad or spring is on each strut arranged.

The invention is based on exemplary embodiments explained, which are shown in the drawing. In these show:

Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a lifting vehicle with an extended mast to explain the principle of mutual guidance.

Fig. 2 is a partial view of the lower portion of a retracted mast to explain an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a detail view of a spring;

Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a partial representation of a mast with several mast shots showing with arranged as compensation means;

Fig. 5 is a detail view of a compensation pad to a lifting frame;

Fig. 6 is a schematic side view corresponding to Figure 1, but from another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view corresponding to FIG. 1, but from a further embodiment;

Fig. 8 is a partial view of a mast part with egg ner plan view of a special training and arrangement of a compensation spring;

Fig. 9 is a side view of Fig. 8.

In Fig. 1, a lifting vehicle 1 with an extended lifting frame 2 is shown. This consists of several mutually extendable mast parts, namely 3 as a standing mast, 4 as the next inner extendable mast section and 5 as the innermost, most extensible mast section or mast part of a telescopically extendable mast. At the inner most, the highest extendable mast section or mast section 5 , a load carrier 6 is guided vertically. It is shown as a load bearing fork.

It can be seen that in each case a guide roller 7 , 8 , 9 is arranged at the upper end of a mast part, which comes into engagement with the then guided adjacent mast part and guide rollers 10 to 12 are provided at the lower end of such adjacent extendable mast parts, so that tilting moments , especially to the front, because the leadership roles run in them extensive profiles.

In a triple mast according to Fig. 1 are initially without Sta bilization of the load carrier 6 at the lower ends of the standing mast 3 and the mast section 4 as compensation on layers 13 , 14 were arranged, on which the respective inner or higher extendable mast sections when Ren ren accumulate and thus the mutual play of the guide rollers 7 to 10 in their guide profiles. It is understood that 5 corresponding springs can also be arranged at the lower end of the Stre ben of the mast section, with which then mating surfaces on the load carrier 6 come into engagement.

With such a design it is possible to mast all parts largely free of vibration, but especially for Avoiding noise together.

If the compensation pads 13 , 14 are formed as springs, then such an embodiment is shown enlarged in Fig. 4. In FIG. 2, the stand is visible mast 3 with the spring 13, the mast section 4 and guided to its load support 6.

The spring has a lower horizontal leg 15 , from which the actual leaf spring 13 extends upwards in an essentially S-shape. Here, an upper curvature 16 is supported on the mast part 3 , on which the spring 13 is also interchangeably attached with its leg 15 by a screw connection 17 . The lower bulge 18 has a larger order than the back bend 16 above the upper bulge 19 , so that the surface 20 accessible from above is created.

Such springs can be arranged on all mast sections who, in particular also, as not shown in Fig. 2, on the mast section 4 , so that the guide means of the load carrier are reinforced accordingly.

The height 21 of a spring 13 can be chosen so that with a sufficiently flat contact surface a stable support from the lower end of the retracted mast section is guaranteed. The height extends, for example, up to the height of the impeller 22 of the lifting vehicle or with reference to FIG. 1 over the height of the respective guide rollers 10 , 11 arranged at the bottom.

Fig. 3 shows a spring 13 in a special design. The spring sections 23 to 25 are made of straight, so-called sections which are arranged at an angle to one another, the upper free leg arranged at 25 being short.

If reference has been made to the upward extension of the springs above, reference is also made to FIG. 1, in which the spring 14 is pulled up over the height of the guide roller 10 . This also applies in connection with other guide rollers 11 and 12 , if springs are arranged in their area.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a compensation support than the embodiment according to FIGS. 13, 14 in the form of springs with a compensation support 26 at the lower end of a mast section 4 . This compensation pad 26 is formed by a spring cushion made of resilient material, which is attached to the adjoining surface 27 by gluing, welding or the like on the front of the mast section 4 or the two struts of this mast section, where at the upper end the inclined Ramp surface 28 is arranged. In this context, it is pointed out that a run-up surface 29 is also seen at the lower end. This ramp area is important with respect to FIG. 1, but especially FIG. 3, because in this the load carrier 6 is already shown in a raised position, into which it is brought for the transport of a load after it has been lowered from the driver floor 30 has a load.

In this context, for the guiding means or guide rollers of the load carrier, a start-up of the compensation support or spring from below can be expedient, for which purpose, for example according to FIG. 3, the spring section 23 according to FIG. 3 is also expediently provided.

Fig. 4 shows from above the parts of a mast 2 , which on the lateral struts of the extendable mast sections 31 , 32 each have struts 33 , 34 ; 35 , 36 , while the struts 38 , 39 of the standing mast are fixed below. The struts each have profiles 40 , 41 ; 42 , 43 ; 44 , 45 , in which guide rollers 46 , 47 ; 48 , 49 ; 50 , 51 neighboring mast parts run, the last neighboring mast part is the load carrier 6 , on which the guide rollers 50 , 51 are arranged.

The profiles 40 to 45 have parallel to the roller axes 55 , 56 ; 57 , 58 ; 59 , 60 extending webs 61 , 62 ; 63 , 64 ; 65 , 66 ; 67 , 68 ; 69 , 70 ; 71 , 72 . Between these webs, the guide rollers 46 to 51 run with play on one side of the tread.

This game should be canceled.

In Fig. 4 the game on both sides of the guide roles and a special type of profiling can be seen.

On the struts 38, 39 of the standing mast, the springs 13 , 13 '(see also Fig. 1) and at the lower ends of the struts 36 , 37 of the mast section 4 ( Fig. 1), the springs 14 , 14 ' are arranged, that overcome the drawn games. Corresponding springs can be arranged according to the description for the load carrier 6 in the region of its guide rollers.

Shown are shown in the illustrated embodiment, at least in cross section, drive means 52 , 53 , 54 in the form of con tures hydraulic cylinder piston assembly for extending the load carrier 6 on the one hand and the extendable mast on the other hand.

In Fig. 6, the same parts as in Fig. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals.

Instead of the springs 13 , 14 in FIG. 1, springs 73 , 74 are shown in FIG. 6 as compensation supports on the lower ends of the mast sections 4 , 5 inside, ie on the rear of the profiling encompassing the respective lower mast part 3 or mast section 4 arranged. This results in the above-described advantages of constant damping compensation in every extended position of the mast.

Fig. 7 shows the lifting vehicle 1 with the mast corresponding to FIGS . 1 and 6. In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, both the springs forming the compensation pads 13 , 14 are arranged in the manner described, but additionally Lich as a compensation Conditions springs 75 , 76 are provided, each on the same mast part as the springs 13 , 14 , but arranged at the upper end, ie the spring 75 is on the mast 3 and the spring 76 on the mast shot 4th These springs 75 , 76 are each with such a stand from the upper end of the mast 3 or Mastschus ses 4 provided that they are covered by the overlap of the extendable mast section. Here is an example of the arrangement of springs both below and above on a mast part.

The springs 73 to 76 are designed in a special way. For this purpose, reference is made to FIGS. 8 and 9, in which, for example, the spring 75 is shown. It is arranged on the mast 3 and presses with its central projecting section 77 to a profile of the mast section 4th This can in each case be an enclosing profile web on the struts of the mast parts, as can be seen from FIG. 4.

It can be seen that the spring 75 as well as the springs 73 , 74 and 76 are essentially W-shaped. The ends 78 , 79 are bent back and held displaceably under pins 80 , 81 . Here, a version is selected which, despite the mobility, ensures the lateral alignment and also the securing of the position in the longitudinal direction. For mounting, for example on the strut of the standing mast 3 bearing blocks 82 , 83 are arranged, which are penetrated by the pins 80 , 81 on the facing En. These pins are arranged at a distance from the surface of the strut of the mast part to which the bearing blocks are fastened, for example by welding. The distance is so large that the bent back ends 78 , 79 can pass under the pins 80 , 81 .

The ends 78 and 79 of the spring 75 are each divided into parallel legs 86 , 87 and 88 , 89 by longitudinal slots 84, 85 , which run on both sides of the bearing blocks 82 , 83 and thus produce the lateral guide. The longitudinal slots 84 , 85 are of sufficient length to ensure the resilience, but at the same time to secure the position of the spring on the respective mast part.

It is understood that in the springs 73 , 74 of FIG. 6, the bearing blocks 82 , 83 are each arranged on the struts of the mast sections 4 , 5 , that is to say the arrangement of the overall W-shaped shape is then relative to the embodiment according to FIG. 7 vice versa.

Claims (18)

1. mast for lifting vehicles, in particular forklifts, with mutually extendable mast parts, the guide devices are guided with play, characterized in that at least at least the extendable mast parts ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) except for the highest extendable mast part ( 6 ) resilient compensation supports ( 13 , 14 ; 26 ; 73-76 ) are arranged to compensate for the play to the adjacent mast part and come into engagement at least with the respectively retracted mast parts ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). 2. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that resilient compensation supports ( 73 , 74 ; 26 ) are arranged at the lower ends of the extendable mast parts ( 4 , 5 ) on the inside of a profile overlapping the next lower mast part for the guide device. 3. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that resilient compensation supports ( 13 , 14 ; 26 ) at the lower ends of the mast parts ( 3 , 4 ) are arranged on the front and the higher extendable mast parts ( 4 , 5 ) when lowering drive onto these compensation pads ( 13 , 14 ; 26 ). 4. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that resilient compensation supports ( 13 , 14 ; 75 , 76 ) are provided at the top and bottom of at least one mast part, in which case the arrangement above is provided in particular at the front with such a distance from the upper end, that the mast part ( 3 , 4 ) which can be extended higher on this mast part ( 4 , 5 ), when it overlaps in the most distant position, still covers the compensation layer ( 75 , 76 ) arranged at the top, and below a compensation layer ( 13 , 14 ; 26 ; 73-76 ), also as an overlay pad. 5. mast according to one of claims 1, 3 and 4, with egg nem mast and at least one extendable mast shot and a load carrier, in particular a load fork on the inner mast part, in particular the highest extendable mast section and with drive means for extending the mast and the load carrier , Where the mutually movable mast parts are guided together by the guide rollers, each of which runs in parallel to the roller axes webs for edging the guide rollers having profiles of an adjacent mast part, characterized in that at least on the standing mast ( 3 ) and the lower extendable mast sections ( 4 , 5 ) a resilient compensation support ( 26 ), in particular as a spring ( 13 , 14 ; 73 , 74 ), which extends over a lower longitudinal section and is arranged at least in the retracted position of the mast ( 2 ) with struts of adjacent mast sections ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) while producing one backlash-free pressure comes into play and there is scope between the struts of the mast sections and the standing mast or in the profiles on the guide rollers ( 7 to 12 ; 46 to 51 ) by pressing. 6. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the springs ( 13 , 14 ; 26 ) as running springs on the lower ends of the mast ( 3 ) and mast sections ( 4 , 5 ) with at least one upward to the respective Mast part, on which the spring or compensation support ( 13 , 14 ; 26 ) is attached, obliquely directed flank ( 24 , 28 ) are executed. 7. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that also on the highest ausfahrba ren mast section ( 5 ), on which load carrier ( 6 ) are guided with rollers, resilient compensation supports ( 26 ) arranged in particular below as springs are, which come into engagement with the load carrier ( 6 ) in its lower position. 8. Mast according to one of claims 1 and 3 to 7, characterized in that in particular as springs ( 73 , 74 ) executed compensation pads ( 26 ) at the lower ends of all extendable mast sections ( 4 , 5 ) for contact with one when extending the next lower mast section ( 4 ) or the standing mast ( 3 ) are arranged and rest in every setting of the mast ( 2 ). 9. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the springs ( 13 , 14 ) are designed as leaf springs, each with a leg ( 15 ) below on a strut ( 33 to 36 ; 38 , 39 ) one Part of mast ( 3 , 4 , 5 ) are attached and are drawn up in a profile at the front of the struts in an arc and form in the area of the upper end the obliquely directed run-up surface ( 20 , 24 ). 10. Mast according to claim 9, characterized in that the raised portion is substantially S-shaped and is supported with the upper curvature ( 19 ) evasively on the mast part ( 3 ) on which the spring ( 13 ) is attached, wherein the back bend ( 16 ) is less than the bulge of the spring next to the fastening end. 11. Mast according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the springs with a horizontal leg ( 15 ) under the one strut of a mast part ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ) are attached. 12. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the springs ( 73 , 74 ) or the springs ( 75 , 76 ), which are arranged in particular on the movable mast sections ( 4 , 5 ), or the constantly adjacent springs ( 75 , 76 ) have a central projecting section ( 77 ) and movably supported support ends ( 78 , 79 ). 13. Mast according to claim 12, characterized in that the springs ( 73-76 ) leads out substantially W-shaped and are movably held at the bent-back ends ( 78 , 79 ) by pins ( 80 , 81 ). 14. Mast according to claim 13, characterized in that for the spring bracket bearing blocks ( 82 , 83 ) on a mast shot ( 4 , 5 ) or on the standing mast ( 3 ) and at a distance from these with laterally protruding shear pins ( 80 , 81 ) are provided, which are gripped by legs ( 86-89 ) formed at the ends ( 78 , 79 ) of the springs, which are formed by the bearing blocks around longitudinal slots ( 84 , 85 ). 15. Mast according to claim 10 and 13, characterized in that the S-shape with the raised section or the W-shape is made of straight sections ( 23 to 25 ), wherein in the case of the S-shape the upper and in In the case of the W-shape both bent back legs are short. 16. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that spring cushions are provided from a resilient material as a compensation pad ( 26 ), which are fixed by gluing, welding or the like and at least at their upper end the inclined Have run-up surface ( 28 ). 17. Mast according to one of claims 7 to 10, 12, 13, 16, characterized in that the resilient compensation supports ( 26 ), in particular springs, on the mast section ( 5 ) on which the load carrier ( 6 ) is guided , also have a run-up surface ( 29 ) at the lower end. 18. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which chem the mast parts, mast and mast sections, each have lateral struts, characterized in that in each case a compensation pad ( 26 ) or spring ( 13 , 14 ; 73-76 ) is arranged on each strut.