DE3607600A1 - High-speed hull - Google Patents

Abstract

In a high-speed hull which has two concave air ducts on its underside which are defined by a central, narrow hull part (5) extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull and by two outboard floats (2, 3), provision is made for the hull to have the shape of a delta wing in plan view with a nose angle of about 90 DEG , truncated wing tips and negatively backswept rear edge (4), the length of which roughly corresponds to its width. In addition, the entire hull forms an aerodynamically supporting wing in which longitudinal sections through the hull have aerodynamic profiles. A hull of this type is able to absorb high heeling forces and is also able to change quickly and continuously from the displacement motion via skimming motion into a predominantly aerodynamically supported skimming state and back again. Even in the aerodynamically supported skimming state it remains stable and can be steered with simple means. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a high speed speed hull according to the preamble of the patent saying 1.

Such a hull becomes with increasing speed increasingly aerodynamically carried by air. The Air resistance is about 780 times less than the water resistance. Numerous attempts are therefore known become faster by making boats Air brings under the hull, so the driving resistance standing in the water to decrease (hovercraft, traffic jam wing boats, ventilation ducts etc.).

Most of the known solutions are motor driven Boats with no heeling forces. At smooth water or moderate swell work these boats do well and reach high speeds. With high swell or strong heeling forces their shape rather disadvantageous, so they usually no longer usable or much slower than before are conventional boats.

Wind-powered boats have also become known the ones that have aero on conventional hulls dynamic wings above the waterline are brought. These wings are designed to serve egg to carry a part of the ship's weight aerodynamically and thus ver the weight pressing on the water reduce. In fact, the aerodynamic buoyancy however, quite low. Because once are the wings  much too small in relation to the total weight of the Boats, on the other hand, the necessary minimum speed usually not reached. This is how it grows a wing in free flow only from about 40 km / h a stable flow.

The wings are also in the known solutions mostly placed high above the waterline to water to avoid touching the flü used gel geometry would have a strong braking effect. This flight Gel arrangement has the disadvantage that the cheap floor or the damper effect cannot be used, where close to the water surface already at we significantly lower speeds a viable Air cushion forms. To make the most of this effect, the wings must be close to the water surface brought and at the start with their side and Form a closed storage space at the rear edges.

Other problems that occur when the boat The controls are increasingly carried by air and stability, especially around the transverse axis. The motor-driven solutions use complex ones aerodynamic rudders, such as in aircraft, or use aerodynamic stabilization effects from (tandem flow gel). The sail-driven solutions do this in usually no information because the problem is expected moderately does not occur, or it also becomes complex aerodynamic control mechanisms proposed as e.g. in U.S. Patent 1,463,397.

In addition, these sail-driven solutions leave because of their shape, do not expect that for aerodynamic lift necessary speeds can be achieved at all. The heel-related what Water resistance already prevents the transition  from displacement to hydrodynamic sliding journey.

The invention has for its object a simple chen hull of the generic type to specify who is able to absorb strong heeling forces gene as well as quickly and continuously from the displacer takes a glide ride in a predominantly aerodyna to change the mixed sliding state and back, and also in the aerodynamically carried sliding state remains stable and controllable with simple means.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the drawing part of claim 1 specified training solved. With this training, the entire boat receives body a shape in which, depending on the speed, alternately as a displacement ship, as a gliding boat and acts as an aerodynamically supporting delta wing. The ones from Heeling forces generated by sail pressure are first Line caught by shifting the pilot's weight The extremely wide shape gives the pilot a lan lever to the tilt axis. Additional heeling forces are absorbed by the fact that with increasing cranes an increasing part of the leeward wing is pushed into the water and thus hydrostatic or when driving through its shape hydrodynamically the Counteracts heeling. In conjunction with the concave Training the bottom results in a quick Emigration of the center of gravity and a quick Increased buoyancy and thus high stability. With Krän Only the part in the area of the wing is used root and wing tip water contacts, which to open drive is necessary. Nevertheless, the middle area remains free for air flow.  

Along with the narrow hull part the longitudinal axis of the underside is rapidly displaced possible.

The narrow part of the hull goes in its lower part rich in a deep keel fin. These be acts directional stability and ensures that too in the aerodynamic sliding phase water contact and a lateral pressure point is retained. At slower Displacement and corresponding center of gravity lie the trailing edges of the wings partially on the Water surface on. Generate with increasing speed the wings are hydrodynamic buoyancy. Through the negative arrowing of the rear edges takes the be wet sliding surface quickly. At the same time it is building under the wings there is an air cushion made of stagnant air on because the air is not as quick behind and to the side can flow away as it flows in front. The swimmers at the wing ends act like end disks Jam wings. With increasing speed is due to the aerodynamic profiling of the ge entire hull an additional suction the top of the boat takes effect, making it progressively aerodynamically carried and lifted out of the water. This results in a corresponding reduction in the cons befitting.

The aerodynamic lift is only so great that the vehicle does not normally leave the Bo the effect area dissolves, but close above the water surface "flirt", so that keel fin and rudder What keep in touch.

The special aerodynamic properties of the Delta or Rogallo wing, about which this design ent speaks, cause a largely aerodynamic Self-stabilization above the water surface, so that the keel-shaped middle part of the hull, which one  Middle hull corresponds, in the water only guide function and no longer has a buoyancy function. Main the reason for the self-stabilizing effect is The fact that with delta wings there is strong sweeping increasing angle of attack the lift initially at the Tip decreases and increases at the wing tips. Off and increasing back pressure in the lower part of the lower part of the river and increasing and decreasing buoyancy on the leading edge mutually stabilize. The pressure center of total buoyancy shifts during the drive constantly. By shifting weight and sailing position, the pilot has the opportunity to constantly to approximate the state of equilibrium.

For the hull according to the invention there are different ones Construction methods with different materials possible. Can be disassembled or covered with fabric and foldable Versions as used in kite construction are particularly advantageous for transport and storage.

The top and bottom of the hull can be exactly equal and symmetrical to a horizontal plane leads be, with mast recordings on both sides can be seen. This has manufacturing tech once nisch the advantage that you can use only one form two can build the same half-shells, the upper and lower side. The other advantage is there rin that the boat is equally on both sides can sail. For wide boats and especially for Multi-hull boats always have the problem that they are in the capsized condition very difficult to move again are turning. In the embodiment according to the invention the hull does not have to be reversed after capsizing be rotated. It simply becomes the mast with the sail detached from the mast holder and on the new upper egg set up again. The mast is released  expediently from the opposite side or at one rigged rig in a known manner by simply loosening them sen the shrouds, which are appropriate on the outer edges or Wing ends are struck.

The invention proves to be suitable for other areas fruitful. Based on the basic idea, an aerodyna mixed shaped Rogallo wings as boat hull use, there are numerous advantageous applications possibilities for such a hull. Before the boat hull according to the invention for the Driven by an air or water screw. Conventional Liche motor boats jump in waves and high Ge speed from the water surface high. Your tra deprived of the medium, they then fall with hard Bumps back onto the water surface. This leads to star low loads and reduced speeds. There the shape of the hull according to the invention this after avoids parts, it is also suitable for motor transmission bene boats.

Another advantageous embodiment is there rin, sword and oar in the boots according to the invention to form bodies as rotatable disc-shaped disks, which has proven particularly effective at high speeds have and e.g. are specified in DE-OS 29 22 379. This sword and rudder is particularly advantageous for the proposed symmetrical form of the hull according to the invention.

Another advantageous embodiment of the inventions hull according to the invention consists in the execution as an aircraft swimmer.

Conventional aircraft swimmers have to get out of the hydrody Take off the Named sliding phase. The result  Downforce on the underside of the float does this dreaded "sticking" to the water. As a solution are Construction methods (levels) required. Steering on the stage is difficult. There are jumps with ent speaking burdens. The boat lure according to the invention as an aircraft swimmer, on the other hand, picks up from that jammed air cushions. It therefore needs much shorter ones Starting distances or lower engine forces, jumps with corresponding burdens are avoided. Farther this plane float is cheaper in flight. It produces less resistance than conventional ones Swimmer and contributes to buoyancy in flight.

Another advantageous design option the hull of the invention is the attachment additional aerodynamic surfaces in the stern or bow area with appropriate aerodynamic rudders. In Connection with a pulpit and a thrust propeller the result is a fully airworthy seaplane with a very cheap, low-resistance shape. The ring-shaped basic construction enables a very lightweight and stable construction with a small span. The aircraft is capable of sorting the tailgate boats, self-stabilizing in the floor effect over large To fly routes very economically. In case of a Ditching would make it even more sailable.

The in the characterizing part of claims 13 to 16 specified embodiments are particularly advantageous arrested. The triangular basic shape of the invention Boat hull allows the arrangement of three masts to a stable three-sided pyramid, in whose Top the pilot weight can be hung. This enables the pilot to move quickly, unaffected by masts changed his body weight in the center of gravity Area. This improves the possibility of heavy  power control, even if the vehicle moves away from the Water surface dissolves. The loss of heeling forces in this case requires a quick shift of the body perweight.

The pyramid-shaped arrangement of the masts makes one Surgery is superfluous and enables a special advantageous attachment of the sails. The slope of the Ma Most vertical causes that of the air current does not cause the sails to pull horizontally acts in the direction of travel, but obliquely in the direction of travel up or down, i.e. with an up or down drive component. This is how the headsail works in the bow area an advantageous buoyancy component, the bigger the more the sail is issued. This enables light it, in a simple way the lift in the front Regulate area by proper feathering and an aerodynamic balance when "flairing", i.e. when flying in the ground effect. To the rear Sailing causes the mast slope on the windward sail to drop drive component and a buoyancy compo on the lee sail nente. Since both forces counteract the heel, this effect is also particularly advantageous.

The two rear sails allow control around the vertical and longitudinal axes, and they work together aerodynamically slit-forming with the foresail. It shows that the advantageous training of the inventions hull according to the invention with the proposed mast system a surprisingly simple control option of the "flying" boat around all three axes, both aerodynamic and weight controlled.

In conjunction with an airscrew as a hybrid vehicle such an arrangement is also particularly advantageous  arrested. The ge propeller once in motion brought vehicle makes itself, like an ice sailor, "your own wind" by the appropriate wind provides additional propulsion on the sails.

This effect, together with the low-friction flight in the Soil effect, makes the hull according to the invention to an extremely economical and safe water vehicle that uses very little fuel and relatively high speed very long distances can travel.

The invention and its developments are based on standing based on the drawing of preferred execution examples described in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 a view of the hull according to the invention in plan,

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the hull of FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 are longitudinal sections AA, BB, CC by the Bootskör by FIG. 1,

Fig. 4 is a schematic front perspective view of the hull of FIG. 1,

Fig. 5 is a schematic rear perspective view of the hull of FIG. 1,

Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a SYMMETRI's hull according to the invention with disc rowing and umsteckbarem verstagtem Rigg,

Fig. 7 is a side view of a third embodiment of a hull according to the invention with a mast assembly in a pyramid shape and be attached thereto sailing,

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the hull with mast assembly in Pyrami denform thereto and suspended sail to Fig. 7,

Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of another boat hull according to the invention with a mast arrangement in pyramid shape, hanging pilot and a motor with air screw and

Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a hull according to the invention with additional wing in the stern area, engine and pulpit.

According to Fig. 1 of the hull in plan view has the form Delta, a nose 1 having a nose angle of approximately 90 °, extending in the longitudinal direction support floats 2 and 3 on the wing tips, and a negatively swept trailing edge 4.

The two middle dashed lines in FIG. 1 delimit a horizontal sectional profile of a narrow hull part 5 in the underwater area. The support floats 2 and 3 and the hull part 5 delimit concave air channels 6 and 7 according to FIGS. 4 and 5 and pass continuously into them.

The side view of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 and 5 show that the hull part 5 is below the water surface 8 and the support floats 2 and 3 rest on the water surface 8 .

According to Fig. 3, the profiles of the vertical cut surfaces of the longitudinal cuts AA, BB and CC are aerodynamically mixed, the chord of the profile of the cut surface of the longitudinal cut AA lying close to the wing end relative to the water line ( 8 ) falling slightly from the back to the front Tendon of the profile of the cut surface of the longitudinal section BB lying in the middle of an air duct parallel to the water line and the chord of the profile of the cut surface of the longitudinal section CC lying close to the hull part 5 runs slightly rising from the rear to the front.

As can be seen in FIGS . 4 and 5, the boat body part 5 is keel-shaped, the slope of the flanks of the boat body part 5 increasing steadily towards the center.

In the rest position, the delta-shaped hull according to FIGS. 1 to 5 floats on the support floats 2 and 3 at the wing ends and the submerged narrow hull part 5 in the central region. When driving, a bow wave is generated on the side of the narrow hull part 5 , which is chambered by the concave air channels 6 and 7 . The surfaces of the air channels 6 and 7 act like hydrodynamic sliding surfaces. The boat glides, so to speak, on the self-generated bow wave, the circular movement of which is used for buoyancy. Since energy is recovered, and the boat does not have to go up, as with conventional gliders, the bow wave it generates, but is automatically lifted onto the bow wave.

With increasing speed, the keel-shaped hull 5 has only the function of a lateral surface and no longer a buoyancy function. This is first hydrodynamically from the sliding surfaces formed by the air channels 6 and 7 , then from the stowed air under these surfaces and finally additional Lich from the suction of the air on the top of the hull.

The boat body according to Fig. 6 is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal center plane. The narrow Bootskör perteil 5 in the longitudinal axis of the hull is shaped the same on its top and bottom, as well as the air channels 6 and 7 and the support floats 2 and 3 at the wing ends. A disc-shaped, about a hori zontal axis rotatable disc 9 in the middle of the hull serves as a sword and a rotatable disc be 10 at the stern as an oar. A middle mast 11 is braced with shrouds 12 which are suspended from the wing ends 13 . A mast foot receptacle 14 is also the same on the top and bottom of the hull.

The boat hull according to FIG. 7 has a mast attached to the bow, rearward inclined mast 15 and two masts 16 attached and inclined to one of the wing ends, all of which touch in the mast top 17 . Before sail 18 on the front mast 15 is cut so that it can form a streamlined slot with egg nem of two rear sails 19 , which are each attached to the side masts if necessary. As the exhibition increases, the buoyancy component on the headsail 18 increases and the heeling component decreases. Due to the wide shape of the hull according to the invention, this effect can be used to a very large extent because it enables a very wide display.

Fig. 8 shows the pyramid-shaped mast arrangement and the sailing position of the sailboat according to Fig. 7 on the wind in a schematic representation.

The boat body according to Fig. 9 also has three pyrami denförmig disposed poles 15, 16 and 16 a, which can move by means of a support rod 21 for controlling its body weight over the system priority with hanging at the top of the mast 17 pilot 20 while the driving generating by a motor is driven by propeller 22 .

The boat hull of Fig. 10 has an additional supporting surface 23 with aerodynamic control surfaces 24, a motor with a propeller 22 and a pulpit 25th The support surface 23 is approximately reversely U-shaped in the front view and with its legs on the wing ends of the same as the hull according to FIGS. 1 to 9 in the plan view delta-shaped hull.

Claims (16)

1. High-speed hull, which has on its underside two concave air channels, which are limited by a central, extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull narrow hull part and two outer support floats, characterized in that the hull

• a) in plan view has the shape of a delta wing with a nose angle of approximately 90 °, cut wing tips and negatively swept trailing edge, the length of which corresponds approximately to its width, and
• b) overall, an aerodynamically supporting wing bil det, in such a way that longitudinal sections through the hull have aerodynamic profiles.

2. hull according to claim 1, characterized, that the support float is molded at the wing ends are. 3. hull according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, that he made of wood or aluminum or plastic or several of these materials are made.   4. hull according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized, that the wing in a middle part and two outer parts can be dismantled, which can be plugged together. 5. hull according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized, that the wing gefer from a fabric-covered frame is done. 6. hull according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized, that its top and bottom are shaped and sym metric with respect to a horizontal median plane are, with mast foot mounts on both sides, so that the hull is equally on one or on the other side. 7. hull according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that he was propelling through a firm, worn sail rig is cash. 8. hull according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that he’s moving through an agile surfrigg or a parasail can be driven. 9. hull according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that he's driven by a motor over one in the water or in the air rotating propeller can be driven. 10. hull according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized, that rotatable, disc shaped disks a sword and to form an oar.   11. hull according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that he serves as a float for an airplane. 12. hull according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that in the bow and / or stern area an additional aero dynamic wing with aerodynamic control element ment is attached. 13. hull according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, that at the two wing ends and at the bow one such inclined mast is attached that all three masthead zen meet. 14. hull according to claim 13, characterized, that a hanger on the three converging mast tips device for the pilot is attached. 15. hull according to claim 13 or 14, characterized, that sails hung in the manner on the three masts are that their inclination depends on the wind direction generating buoyancy and in pairs act as a slit. 16. hull according to claim 12 and one of the An sayings 13 to 15, characterized, that the engine with the propeller rotating in the air is attached to the mast assembly so that the boat body with either sail power or engine power or both can be driven at the same time.