DE3606441A1 - Gradient-measuring wedge for determining ascending/descending gradients of roads - Google Patents
Gradient-measuring wedge for determining ascending/descending gradients of roadsInfo
- Publication number
- DE3606441A1 DE3606441A1 DE19863606441 DE3606441A DE3606441A1 DE 3606441 A1 DE3606441 A1 DE 3606441A1 DE 19863606441 DE19863606441 DE 19863606441 DE 3606441 A DE3606441 A DE 3606441A DE 3606441 A1 DE3606441 A1 DE 3606441A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- measuring
- wedge
- gradient
- roads
- lath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es ist bekannt, daß Steigungen/Gefälle gemessen werden, indem nach der waagerechten Ausrichtung einer Latte bestimmter Länge (in der Regel ein Meter) der Höhenunterschied der beiden Lattenenden senkrecht zu dieser ermittelt wird. Hieraus läßt sich die Steigung in Prozenten errechnen. Weiter ist bekannt, daß an einem Ende der Latte eine verstell- und arretierbare Skala installiert werden kann, der die Steigung in Prozenten zu entnehmen ist.It is known that gradients are measured by the horizontal alignment of a slat certain length (usually one meter) the height difference of the two slat ends perpendicular to this becomes. The slope can be calculated from this in percent. It is also known that at one end of the crossbar a adjustable and lockable scale can be installed, which shows the slope in percent.
Dabei ist es jedoch erforderlich, der Messung eine Latte von bestimmter Mindestlänge zu Grunde zu legen, um die Meßtoleranzen in einem auswertungsfähigen Rahmen zu halten.However, it is necessary to measure the crossbar of a certain minimum length to be based on the To keep measurement tolerances within an evaluable framework.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Baulänge vorgenannter Meßgeräte zu verringern.The invention has for its object the overall length to reduce the aforementioned measuring devices.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß wie folgt gelöst:According to the invention, this object is achieved as follows:
Zunächst wird die Bezugslänge der Latte auf 20 cm reduziert. Der Höhenunterschied der Lattenenden wird mittels des Meßkeils nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs ermittelt. Auf der Oberseite des Meßkeils befindet sich eine Skala, auf welcher die Steigung in Prozenten abgelesen wird. Der abgelesene Wert stimmt jedoch nur dann, wenn der Messung eine Latte von 20 cm Länge zugrunde liegt. First the reference length of the slat is reduced to 20 cm. The difference in height of the slat ends is determined by the Measuring wedge determined according to the preamble of the claim. There is a scale on the top of the measuring wedge, on which the slope is read in percent. However, the value read is only correct if the Measurement is based on a staff of 20 cm in length.
Desweiteren ist der Meßkeil in zwei Arbeitsbereiche unterteilt. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß auf zwei separaten Skalen die Ablesegenauigkeit erhöht werden konnte, da die Skalen quasi gestreckt wurden.Furthermore, the measuring wedge is in two work areas divided. This has the advantage of being on two separate ones Scales the reading accuracy could be increased because the scales were almost stretched.
Die Berechnung der Steigung erfolgt normalerweise über den Tangens des sich aus Fahrbahn, Latte und Höhengerade bildenden rechtwinkligen Dreiecks, wobei der rechte Winkel durch Latte und Höhengerade gebildet wird. Da sich die Höhe eines Meßpunktes auf dem Meßkeil jedoch in Abhängigkeit zur Steigung der Fahrbahn ändert, wurden die Skalen korrigiert, indem die Zuordnung der Höhen bei bestimmten Steigungen über den Sinus des sich aus Fahrbahn und Latte ergebenden Winkels erfolgte. Hierbei wird der rechte Winkel durch Fahrbahn und Höhengerade des Meßkeils (in Fig. I mit h′ bezeichnet) gebildet.The slope is normally calculated using the tangent of the right-angled triangle formed by the roadway, crossbar and straight line, the right angle being formed by the crossbar and straight line. However, since the height of a measuring point on the measuring wedge changes depending on the slope of the road, the scales were corrected by assigning the heights for certain slopes to the sine of the angle resulting from the road and the crossbar. Here, the right angle is formed by the road surface and the straight line of the measuring wedge (designated by h ' in Fig. I).
Die Skalen sind linear, da im Bereich der Messungen sowohl Tangens als auch Sinus annähernd linear verlaufen. Der Fehler ist für die Messung vernachlässigbar. Der Meßbereich wurde der Häufigkeit der vorkommenden Straßensteigungen angepaßt gewählt, er beträgt: 1,4-12% und 12-22%.The scales are linear because in the range of measurements both Tangent and sine are almost linear. The Error is negligible for the measurement. The measuring range was the frequency of the road gradients chosen adjusted, it is: 1.4-12% and 12-22%.
Zur Verwendung der jeweils anderen Skala wird der Meßkeil um 90° in seiner Längsachse (= Lattenachse) gedreht, was den asymetrischen Aufbau erforderlich macht.The measuring wedge is used to use the other scale rotated by 90 ° in its longitudinal axis (= batten axis), which requires the asymmetrical structure.
Als Werkstoff wurde aus Gründen der Haltbarkeit Aluminium verwandt. Aluminum was used as the material for durability related.
Fig. I: Fig. I:
W = Wasserwaage
K = Meßkeil
F = Fahrbahn
H = Horizontale
l = Länge der Meßlatte
h = Höhengerade
h′ = Höhengerade des Meßkeils W = spirit level
K = measuring wedge
F = lane
H = horizontal
l = length of the staff
h = straight line
h ′ = vertical line of the measuring wedge
Steigung= h/l × 100%
= tan α × 100%
sin α= h′/l Slope = h / l × 100%
= tan α × 100% sin α = h ′ / l
Umrechnung des Tangens auf Sinus nach TabellenConversion of the tangent to sine according to tables
h′ = sinα × l h ′ = sin α × l
Fig. II: Vorderansicht des Meßkeils Fig. II: Front view of the measuring wedge
Fig. III: Seitenansicht des Meßkeils Fig. III: side view of the measuring wedge
Fig. IV: Draufsicht des Meßkeils Fig. IV: top view of the measuring wedge
Fig. V: Schrägansicht des Meßkeils Fig. V: oblique view of the measuring wedge
Fig. VI: Ausführungsbeispiel im Meßbereich 1,4-12% (Legende siehe oben unter Fig. I) Fig. VI: Working example in the measuring range 1.4-12% (legend see above under Fig. I)
Fig. VII: Ausführungsbeispiel im Meßbereich 12-22% (Legende siehe oben unter Fig. I) Fig. VII: Working example in the measuring range 12-22% (for legend see above under Fig. I)
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863606441 DE3606441A1 (en) | 1986-02-25 | 1986-02-25 | Gradient-measuring wedge for determining ascending/descending gradients of roads |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863606441 DE3606441A1 (en) | 1986-02-25 | 1986-02-25 | Gradient-measuring wedge for determining ascending/descending gradients of roads |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3606441A1 true DE3606441A1 (en) | 1987-08-27 |
Family
ID=6295105
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863606441 Withdrawn DE3606441A1 (en) | 1986-02-25 | 1986-02-25 | Gradient-measuring wedge for determining ascending/descending gradients of roads |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE3606441A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104567808A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-29 | 北京林业大学 | Digital analysis method for remotely measuring slope and aspect through mobile phone |
CN117589132A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-23 | 滕州市测绘院 | Mountain slope mapping device |
-
1986
- 1986-02-25 DE DE19863606441 patent/DE3606441A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104567808A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-29 | 北京林业大学 | Digital analysis method for remotely measuring slope and aspect through mobile phone |
CN117589132A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-23 | 滕州市测绘院 | Mountain slope mapping device |
CN117589132B (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-04-02 | 滕州市测绘院 | Mountain slope mapping device |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |