DE356099C - Equilibrium regulator for aircraft in which the aircraft is held in a position that can be determined manually by making electrical contacts - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED JULY 12, 1922

REICH S PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

- .M 356099 CLASS 77h GROUP 5

(W 49zj

Carl Wolter in Berlin-Schöneberg.

Balance regulator for aircraft in which the aircraft is closed by electrical Contacts is held in a position that can be determined by setting by hand.

Patented in the German Empire on May 13, 1917.

The object of the invention relates to a device for automatic stabilization of aircraft in a position that can be determined manually by setting a Inclinometer affects the tax by electrical means. In the known devices In this way, the contacts for the control circuits are either arranged in a circle in one plane or are used two inclinometers, which are perpendicular to each other, and assigns the contacts one behind the other in the two perpendicular

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levels facing each other. To now at Use only one inclinometer that corresponds to the inclination of the aircraft To enable fine adjustment, according to the invention, the electrical currents closing contacts arranged on a spherical surface and are in connection with one contact each on two continuously rotating rollers. As a result, the ίο current connection always takes place in a very specific way Position of the rollers, which is then transferred to a control stick. So this takes one of the respective inclined positions of the aircraft in the room and adjusts the control analogous.

With appropriate training - its bearing can be the spherical surface-shaped contact carrier can be adjusted by hand in all directions for a corresponding adjustment of the control stick to achieve a corresponding inclination of the aircraft and thus results in a certain flight curve.

It should also be noted that inclination indicators have already been used at which the inclined position of the aircraft is indicated on a bell, however these inclinometers are not yet connected to by electrical contacts automatic controls for aircraft brought Avorden, so that here is the essence of the invention is to be sought.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown, namely shows:

Fig. Ι an example embodiment of an inclinometer to be used in connection with the stabilization device, shown in section along the line from Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 is a top view of the inclinometer with part of the bell removed is,

45 'Fig. 3 for setting the control; Knüppeis serving device in plan view, partly shown in section,

Fig. 4 is a side view of Fig. 3, also shown partially in section, Fig. 5 is a section along the line cd of Fig. 3,

Fig. 6 is a section along the line ef of ^; Fig. 3,

Fig. 7 is a detail in side view, Fig. 8 is a section along the line gh of Fig. 4,

Fig. 9 the inclinometer in connection with the circuit breaker, Fig. 10 the circuit diagram for the electrical equipment,

Fig. 11 the inclinometer in connection with a device for adjusting the same, shown in section,

Fig. 12 is a plan view of Fig. 11 and Fig. 13 the setting device for the inclinometer connected to a stick, seen from the front.

Gyroscopic inclinometers of a known type which are provided with damping and in which a pointer is permanently held vertically are suitable for the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, a <centrifugal inclinometer is selected, the axis of which is provided with two ball joints. 9 The second upper joint falls away better, however, so that the part carrying the top cannot fold over at right angles.

The housing 3 of the gyro inclinometer, which is fixedly arranged in the aircraft, is at the top with a made of glass or another insulating material bell 2 provided, the has circular openings 1. These openings are used to insert the electrical contacts described below (Fig. 9}. The axis 6 of the gyro 5 is rotatable in a ball bearing 4 and points to lower parts two bearing bushes 10, of which the upper is stuck, while the lower can be adjusted by the nuts 11. The angular pin 12 is used for connection the drive shaft.

The gyro provided with a propeller 17 is fast as a result of the speed given to it Rotation tends to keep the axis 6 in its position so that this is not inclined Position of the aircraft assumes the vertical position shown in Fig. 1. The rash is limited by the fact that the gyro axis is attached to it by means of the Ball bearings 14 against the annular surfaces 15, 16 is supported. At the top of the inclinometer pointer or a contact is attached to the top which interacts with the contacts of the bell 2, as further below will be described. .

According to the invention, two similar, electrically influenced mechanisms are used, one of which has been omitted from the drawing for the sake of clarity, and the lever arms 18, 19 (Fig. 4) which adjust the control stick 117 '(Fig. 4). 3) work. One end of these levers I sit firmly on the ball j of a ball joint 20, and at their other end they are also connected by ball joints 115 i to connecting rods 21 , which on the other hand are movably articulated to ratchet wheels 22 (Fig The control stick 117 'is arranged outside the housing and, as usual, also sits on a ball joint 23, which always moves in the same way by means of corresponding connections with the ball joint 20.

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executes like this. The stick 117 ′ is therefore always one of the ball joint 20 take up the appropriate position.

Two contact rollers 24, 25 are provided in the housing for electrical transmission. They each have one or more rows of offset from one another Contacts 26 with an insulated embedded metallic cylinder in electrical Are connected, as can be seen from Fig. 3, where the one roller 25 in the Section is shown. The metallic cylinder 27 has a flange ring at one end 28, on which a contact brush 29 grinds continuously. Those who work with contacts 26 Contact brushes 29 are insulated below the rollers attached to a carrier 30 and are each with one of the contacts attached to the bell in electrical connection. The aforementioned rollers are constantly being rotated, for what purpose

- On the axis of the roller 24, a sprocket 31 for the drive by means of an endless chain or the like.

sits. The rotation of the two rollers takes place in opposite directions by turning the fixed gear wheels 32 connected to them are in engagement.

Below the roller 24, a third contact roller 33 is arranged, which through Chain drive is set from the roller 24 in rotation, in such a way that it executes only one revolution with two revolutions of the roller 24. You influenced an electric timer and also serves to switch on various Electromagnets that are used for the special circuit.

With the drive wheel 31 is through a Connecting rod 34 is connected to a rack 35 (Fig. 3) in such a way that it moves with each revolution the rollers 24, 25 go back and forth once. Here, the gear 36 is one each Complete a full turn in both directions while the larger gear 37 only moves a little over half a turn to the right and left. With the Gear 37 is connected to a pin 38 (Fig. 4) with the interposition of the suspension 39, namely, the pin 38 rests on the circumference of a heart disk 40 (FIGS. 3 and 6), which is fixed with a ratchet wheel 41 connected is. The ratchet wheel 41 has a shoulder 42 (Fig. 3, 6).

When the rack 35, which runs on balls, swings back and forth, this becomes Ratchet wheel 41 also in both directions rotated until, if necessary, when a corresponding circuit is closed the contact roller 24 or 25 a pawl 43 (Fig. 4), from an electromagnet 44 influences, which prevents further movement of the wheel 41. This will the cam 42 in a corresponding to the inclination indicator or the contact Position held. As the rack 35 continues to move, the pin slides 38 on the circumference of the heart disk 40 and Ικτ.

At the end of the first revolution of the contact roller 24 or 25 moves under the influence

: an electromagnet 45 a lever arm 47 connected to its armature 46

■ A claw coupling piece 48 into a claw piece 49 which is firmly seated on the toothed wheel 36 ' (Fig. 7), so that the axis of the cable drum 50 is now coupled to the toothed wheel 36 is until the cable drum one full turn to the right and left running around. Around the rope drum

j 50 (Fig. 3) is a rope 53 in several win-

: fertilize wrapped. If now the rope drum 50 turns once to the left and once

: turns clockwise, the end of the rope becomes 106 of the rope 53 (Fig. 8), on which a pinch roller 107 sits, wound up while the other end 108 also carrying a pinch roller 109 is unwound. To a To prevent slipping or sliding of the rope 53 on the drum 50, the rope can its middle turn by a cramp or the like. be attached. At the end of the second Revolution of the contact roller 24 or 25 oscillates under the action of an electromagnet influenced by the roller 33 51 the lever arm 47 back again, whereby the cable drum 50 is uncoupled and

: is detected early by the claw; coupling piece 48 in the fixed shank

\ ter 52 engages (Fig. 7). When the cable drum 50 rotates in both directions

ι the rope 53 once off and on and that also on the cable drum 50 seated rope 54 reversed once up and down wound. These ropes act through the rope differential gear especially shown in Fig. 8

'' ■ the cable drums 55 arranged on both sides of the drum 50 in such a way that the cams or lugs 56 and 57 (Fig. 4) seated on them are rotated to the right or left as far as the cams 42. In order to achieve this, one end in (Fig. 8) of a rope 113 is to the left around the rope drum 55 carrying the cam 56, the

: other end 112, however, wound around the drum 114 having the cam 57 to the right and attached to the circumference (Figs. 4 and 8). On the rope 115 is also with his' attached to drums 55 and 114 Ends 116 and 117 in the opposite direction

. wound up. In Fig. 4, the rope 115 has been withdrawn shown. One recognizes without further ado

: that with alternate pulling of the .ropes

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113 ^and 115 winding and unwinding of the rope ends in, 112 and n6, 117 takes place, consequently the cams 56, 57 are inevitably rotated in the intended manner. S On the clamping roller 107 (Fig. 8) seated on the cable 53, a cable 118 is clamped in its center so that its ends, which run over guide rollers 124, 125, with their compensating rollers 119, 120, perform the described alternating rotations of the cable drum 50 in accordance with the corresponding routes. The same thing happens with rope 121, which is fastened in its middle to the clamping roller 109 and with its ends, which also run over two guide rollers 126, 127 lying next to one another. As can be seen from Fig. 4 and 8, the alternating pulling off of the ropes 113 and 115 is carried out by means of the compensating rollers 122 and 119 (Fig. 4), the alternating pulling off of the cables 128 and 129 by their compensating rollers 120 and 123 (Fig. 8) .

By using the rollers 122, 119, 120 and 123, the most varied of movements, which are caused by the respective positions of the cam disks 41 and 42, are correspondingly transmitted. Now, since the cables 118 and 121 snugly in their center by pinch rollers 107 and ^1109, all cable ends are actually pre simultaneously and forcibly and recycled. In this case, an attachment that is firmly seated on the axis 58 is also; beat 59 in the same position, whereby the gear 22 executes a corresponding rotation, and thus we'd! ^r by the previously described \ Getting Connected of the stick 117 adjusting arm 19 moves accordingly. This movement corresponds exactly to the value transmitted by the roller 24, in that the setting is dependent on the position of the respective effective contact of the roller. At the same time, of course, there is also a corresponding movement of the other arm 18, caused by the second mechanism (omitted from the drawing), in such a way that, for. B. when the arm 19 is moved upward, the arm 18 is pressed downward, and vice versa. '

When the described setting is completed ^: under the action of an electromagnet 60, a pawl 61 will fall into the ratchet wheel 22 serving as a crank pin disk; while the pawl 43 is lifted and the ratchet 41 releases. The cam 42 is now brought back by the action of the pin 38 on the heart disk 40 in the normal position ι originally with respect to the roller 24 or 25. >

The contact roller 33 has four contacts (dashed lines in Fig. 4), 63, 64 and 65. On each of these two carbon brushes slide, which carry an insulating plate embedded in a side wall of the box. At one end of the roller there is attached an open metal ring 66 which protrudes slightly at the side and has a nose 68 with inclined guide surfaces on one side of its EM drop opening 67. \ ^T or this ring is a provided with a thumb 69 disk 70 which strives under the action of a roller 33 associated with the coil spring 71, always in the in Fig. 9 to remain illustrated position. A lever mechanism 72 J5 is attached to the side wall of the housing of the device in such a way that a roller 73 mounted on it can interact with the parts 66, 68, 69, etc. This lever mechanism is under the pulling action of a spring 74 and is in the raised position shown in FIG. 9 by a nose 82 seated on the armature 75 of an electromagnet 76 _; held.

The contacts attached to the bell 2 have the design shown in Fig. 9 and consist of a central contact piece 77 and a contact ring 78 concentrically surrounding it. An electrical line 79 leads from this to the electromagnet 76, while 77 leads to two lines the metal cylinders of the two rollers 24 and 25 lead. The axis 6! of the top is connected to one pole of the electric battery 80, and the top carries a resiliently pushed ball J5 81 on top for contact with contacts 77 and 78.

If the aircraft is now swaying so that another contact is opposite the gyro to the inclination indicator, 1 the ball ¹ 81 will slide over the contact ring 78 before it comes into contact with the contact 77. This is how the! Electromagnet 76 energized, it attracts its armature 75, so that the locking lug 82 releases the lever mechanism 72 and this can be pulled down by the spring as soon as the roller 73 lying on the ring 66 reaches the drop slot 67. Then precipitated by these on the edge of the thumb disk 1 Lo 70, wherein the plant to the lever 72 | seated arm 83, which so far held the contact 84 closed, brings about the closure of the contact 85, whereby; the circuit of the electromagnet 76 interrupted 1 fs and the current closure for the electrical; Means for influencing the adjusting device is prepared. Only now can the 1 functions described below for the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 10 occur, and only during one revolution of the roller 33

At the end of this revolution, the disk 70 will press against the roller 73 with its thumb 69, the helical spring 71 yielding until the roller is located opposite the slot 67. Now the thumb 69 can spring back by pushing the roller 73 upwards, whereupon with further rotation of the roller 33 the roller pushes itself further upwards on the inclined surface 68 until the nose 82 holds the lever mechanism 72 again in the position shown . This device thus forms an electrical time switch and aims to allow the same circuit to be carried out only once, so that the device only works again when the inclination indicator makes a different contact due to a different inclination of the aircraft. During a smooth flight without deviating inclinations, only the three contact rollers 24, 25, 33 and the rack 35 with the gears 36 and 37 and the parts firmly connected to them will move, while all other parts will only move when a contact is re-established (81 with 78 and γγ) take effect.

The circuit diagram illustrated in FIG. 10 serves to explain the switching processes, in which the contact roller 33 is unwound and the time and changeover switch is shown schematically. If one thinks that the jacket of the roller 33 is moving downwards, the circuits for the electromagnets 44 of the two mechanisms are closed at approximately% of the jacket height by the contact 62 and the brushes 86, 87 sliding on it. A prerequisite for this is, of course, that a new contact has been made in the inclination indicator as a result of the inclination of the aircraft. In this case, the circuit of the electromagnet 76 is first closed by touching the ring 78, which results in the release of the lever 72 and thus the switchover described, so that the closure for the electromagnet etc. causing the stick adjustment is now prepared. So-: soon now that of the brushes 29, which the: respectively 'touched contact yy of the' inclination ^:

indicator corresponds, with the associated contact 26 of the roller 24 or 25 in Beruh- ^; tion comes, that is, after a certain one ^; Rotation, the final current closure for the electromagnets 44 takes place. These place j

the pawls 43 into the ratchet wheels 41, so that their cams 42 are locked in a very specific i position, which state lasts as long as the brushes 86, 87 grind to 62 j. Before the end of the last-mentioned process, the brushes 88, 89 come into contact with the contact piece 63, which the | Excitation of the electromagnet 45 in the wake. This takes care of the coupling of the cable drum 50 with the mechanical drive means, whereby the cams 56, 57 are rotated up to the set cams 42, thereby driving the stop 59, which is firmly seated on the shaft 58, which brings about the corresponding adjustment of the control stick. This is ended after one revolution of the rollers 24, 25. The current connection between the brushes 86, 87 is then interrupted and at the same time the circuit for the electromagnets 60 in the brushes 90, 91 is bridged by contact 64. Accordingly, the set state of the stick is determined in that the pawls 61 engage the ratchet wheels 22, whereby the ratchet wheels 41 are released. This or the cams 42 will now move into the initial position by the action of the resilient pin 38 on the heart disk 40 seated on the relevant ratchet wheels. Near the end of the second revolution of the roller 24 or 25, the circuit of the electromagnet 60 is interrupted and at the same time the current transfer between the brushes 92, 93 for the electromagnet 51 is established through contact 65, ie the cable drum 50 is disengaged again. At the last moment of the movement of the roller 33, the inclined surface 105 corresponding to the nose 69, which rests against the roller 73 seated on the lever 72, moves the lever 72 from the position shown in phantom in Fig. 10 to the position shown in full lines . As a result, the circuit between the brushes 84 is interrupted, but bridged between the brushes 85. In this position, the lever 72 is held by the nose 82 of the armature 75, so that the closing of the current for the electromagnet 76 is prepared anew.

The inclination indicator can be designed in such a way that it can also be used for setting certain travel curves can be used. For this purpose (Fig. 11 to 13) the mounting ring 94 of the bell 2 with a ring concentrically surrounding it Mounted like a universal joint, so they form bussole rings. The one provided with the contacts Bell 2 and a protective bell 96 placed over it are cemented into the ring 94. Above the bell 96 there is a fixed plate 97, the star or Has radial openings with which a seated on the bell 96 Latch 98 cooperates. By pressing on the ball 99, which sits on the rod 100, which is somewhat movable in the vertical direction, is carried out using connection 101 the arm 102 a pressure on the latch 98

so that it disengages from the plate 97. Now everyone can Movements of the rod 100 take place due to the on the ball joint seated arms 103, connecting rods 104, etc. inevitably be transferred to the Bussolenringe. The one of the desired travel curve corresponding position is automatically fixed by the bolt 98 by the Hand removed from ball 99.

It should also be noted that the aircraft's rudder control can also be adjusted by a The device built in accordance with the present principles can be moved so that the leader then also has the feet free.

Claims (1)

Patent Claims: i. Balance regulator for aircraft in which the aircraft is closed by closing electrical contacts in a position that can be determined by setting by hand is held, characterized in that the closing the electrical currents Contacts are arranged on a spherical surface and in connection with one contact on two permanently rotating rollers are so that the circuit is always in a very specific Position of the rollers takes place, which is then transferred to a joystick, which thus one of the respective inclined positions of the aircraft takes the appropriate position in the room and so does the control adjusted accordingly. - 35 2. Equilibrium regulator according to claim i, characterized in that the electric! Contacts on the spherical contact carrier made of two * '. Parts (JJ, 78) consist of which the one through! Activation of an electromagnet (76) triggers a timer (84 and 66 to 70) which switches on the power source for the electrical device in preparation, while the other contact brings about the final closure of the electrical circuit. 3. Equilibrium regulator according to claim i, characterized in that the spherical surface-shaped contact carrier is adjustable in all directions, whereby a! Adjustment of the control circuits and thus the flying of curves any Kind is made possible. 4. Equilibrium regulator according to claim ι and 2, characterized in that that the electrical installations influenced one of them through the intermediary of one of them Differential gear both act simultaneously on the control stick, which to is provided for this purpose with rigid arms (18, 19) on which the through the Differential gears mediated paths are transmitted simultaneously. 5. Equilibrium regulator according to claim i, characterized in that with the help of timers (62) the power supply is interrupted until the contact rollers (24, 25) have performed their second full revolution, so that jo the control movement set by the inclinometer remains in place for a long time and further effective flow by the inclinometer is excluded. 6. Equilibrium regulator according to claim 1 and! 4, characterized in that after detection of a rotating / rotating cam disk (41, 42) through the intermediary of a time switch (63) the differential gear is engaged electromagnetically, the rotation of a fixed on the axle (58) seated stop (59) brings about the cam (42). 7. equilibrium regulator according to claim ι and 6, characterized in that that the set stick control by corresponding contacts (64) of the 1 Roller (33) is fixed by means of electromagnetically activated pawls (61) and at the same time the locking of the cam disks (41, 42) is released, so that they can be automatically returned to their initial position. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings.