DE3507517A1 - Device for mulching various chopped materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for mulching different chopped materials, such as e.g. grass, straw, branches, paper, packaging materials and the like, has a driven rotary shaft (40), on which striking cutters or flails (41) are arranged. It also has an upper covering (15, 31) and a discharge opening for the chopped materials which is open towards the rear transversely to the rotary shaft. In order that the device can be used in different positions, the housing covering (15, 31) has an opening (19, 32) which can be covered with at least one cover plate (20, 23, 24). A shaft (21, 25, 33) can be located on at least one cover plate, through which shaft the material to be chopped can be guided through to the rotary cutters (41). <IMAGE>

Description

Walter Lobmeier

6730 Neustadt L 115/85

02. HRZ. 1985

Device for mulching different types of chopped material.

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such devices, also commonly referred to as mulchers are used to store different chopped goods such. B. grass, weeds, straw, compost, branches, paper, packaging mate rials and the like to shred. In general, these mulchers have a driven rotary shaft on which blades are attached and which, in cooperation with a beater bar arranged in the area of the knife, shred the material to be chopped up. the Knives can be attached to the rotating shaft in an articulated manner as flail knives be; there is of course also the possibility of permanently attaching these knives.

There are two groups of mulchers, namely the so-called trailed mulchers and the stationary mulchers. The pulled mulchers are attached to a tractor and from

-2-

this pulled and driven and they work on things lying on the ground Hächselgut, in which they are simply driven over. These devices are covered at the top by a cover plate and after Open at the bottom, so that the knives can cut the chopped material approx. 4 to 12 cm above the ground, shred it and spread it over a wide area.

-3-

Stationary mulchers are devices that are also used for chopping different chopped goods can be used. You own A shaft running upwards or to the side through which the chopped material can be fed to the cutting knives. With these stationary mulchers are mainly used to process bales of straw, but also branches. For this purpose own the stationary Mulchers in the shaft feed braking elements that control the chopped material to the knives, so that it falls through too quickly Chopped material is prevented by the knife area. The number of revolutions of the rotating shaft is around 2,000 to 2,500 revolutions, per minute,

In addition, so-called straw hackney wagons are known which can only be used to scatter straw or manure or to distribute these goods.

All three groups, but at least the first two groups, can only be used for special activities and working methods. The pulled mulchers can only be operated in pulling mode, i.e. only pulled by the tractor, whereas the stationary ones Mulchers can only work in stationary operation.

The object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the beginning To create type that can be used in both stationary and train operations.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing Features of claim 1.

The device according to the invention is practically a modification of a pulled mulchers, in that the upper cover

.4.

plate, which is an integral part of the device housing in the towed mulchers, is designed to be removable, so that the feed shafts can be attached at will, which turns the movable or pulled mulching device into a stationary mulching device can be made.

Another embodiment of the invention can be found in the characterizing part of claim 5. This mulcher will be like this designed so that it is rotatable about an axis extending transversely to the axis of the rotating shaft, so that the withdrawn device normally the open side at the bottom comes to lie up. This is covered with a suitable cover according to the invention with a shaft and the chopped material can then be fed in through the shaft from above.

The rotation can be done manually or by machine; additional fixation elements must then be provided, with which twisting of the mulcher is prevented.

In both variants, the shaft can be arranged - this depends on the shaft construction - that the shaft in different Positions to the rotating shaft in a plane which runs transversely to the rotating shaft, can be aligned. There is also the possibility of to arrange the shafts so that the chopped material from the side can be introduced, and then it will be useful to choose the width of the shaft so that the chopped material is only on one half the rotating shaft meets the knives, while the other half is covered. If the wear on the working half is too great has become, the shaft can be relocated, so that the other half of the rotating shaft virtually comes in line. This creates a Causes equalization of the wear of the knife.

. 5-

-3-

With the Invention Ge η configuration of the device can so all /, white or three of the above functions that so far could only be carried out or carried out using several devices, connected or carried out in a single device the device according to the invention or the mulching device according to the invention can due to the fiction ge proper execution both in stationary as well as in the pulled operation or condition and in addition this device can also be used as a straw hacking wagon or manure spreader can be used, with which the material is only distributed on the ground.

With the special design of the rotatable mulching device, arms can be attached on both sides, on which arms across the mulcher and rollers running parallel to the rotating shaft are attached are. Because the arms are adjustable, bales of straw can be mulched. The smaller the straw bales in diameter the closer the arms will move towards each other, so that not only the bales of straw with a large diameter, but also Small diameter straw bales can be mulched.

Further advantageous refinements and improvements of the The invention can be found in the further subclaims.

Thus, with minor changes and a few additional parts, a mobile mulching device is created with which to mulch Material can be processed both in pulled operation and in stationary operation, with additional straw bales and the shredded straw can be evenly distributed on the soil of an arable field. Due to the design according to the invention can simultaneously lay on the ground in one operation

or standing material and straw bales are mulched, whereby the Straw and, if necessary, the other material as well, ejected to the rear and spread on the floor.

Based on the drawing, in which some embodiments of the invention are shown, the invention and other advantageous designs from and improvements explained and described in more detail will.

It shows:

Fig. 1 shows a mulching device with a perpendicular

Feed chute,

Fig. 2 shows a mulching device with an inclined

Feed shaft, both in perspective

Fig. 3 shows a mulching device similar to that of Fig. 1 in

Cut,

4 shows the mulching device according to FIG. 3 in 180 degrees

rotated position,

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the section line V-V

of FIGS. 3 and

6 shows a further modification of the mulching device

according to FIG. 4.

Mulchers as such are known per se. Fig. 1 shows a mobile mulching device 10 with a bracket 11, with which the mulching device 10 can be attached to a tractor (not shown).

JLSt

The ICT mulching device is driven by the tractor via a connecting line and this connecting shaft is coupled to a transmission 12 which controls the rotation of the connecting shaft on an intermediate shaft 13 transmits that via a chain or toothed belt drive 14 the not shown in detail drives rotary shaft of the mulcher. It will in this context, reference is made to FIG. 3, on the basis of which this is to be explained in more detail.

The mulcher 10 has a housing 15 which is normally covered at the top and has side plates 16 with which the Mulcher 10 is completed on both sides. In the rear area, the mulcher 10 has an ejection guide plate 17 and to the A hold-down or guide roller 18 is attached to the side plates 16. The construction of such an arrangement is well known, e.g. B. from brochures of the company Ferri Giovanni dl FERRI Ulisse & 5 .. N. nc,

Italy. Such a mobile mulching device normally has 10 a housing cover on the top which prevents the knives or mallets attached to the rotating shaft from being exposed,

-8th-

35075 Ί -X-

so that threats to human life are possible, and on the other hand that the material to be mulched is ejected upwards in an uncontrolled manner, but is controlled backwards either behind the roller 18 or is thrown in front of the roller 18-seen in the pulling direction. According to the invention, the housing cover is provided with an opening 19, which can be closed with a cover plate 20, to which a throw-in chute or a feed chute 21, as in FIG. 1, is preferably attached is welded on. This cover plate 20 is fastened to the upper side of the housing cover 15 with screw connections 22. If necessary, the feed chute can have a cover flap on the top (not shown) to prevent the mulched material from being ejected upwards again. About that there is also the option of inside the feed chute to attach a guide device that guides the material to be mulched, for example bales of straw, slowly transported downwards.

In Fig. 1 it is shown that the feed shaft 21 is exactly perpendicular is attached to the cover plate 20 extending upward.

Of course, there is also the possibility of using the intake chute 21 to be arranged at any angle to the cover plate 20, for example, inclined to the rear or to the side, the feed shaft can run parallel to the cover plate 20 to one side as well as to the other side or to the front as far as the bracket 11 it allows, and to the rear, also parallel to the cover plate 20.

Another embodiment of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 can be seen in FIG. Instead of a single cover plate 20 on which a feed chute 21 is attached, two of them can be provided, the dividing line between the two cover plates exactly in in the middle of the mulcher. A cover plate is thus obtained 23, which covers one half of the upper opening 19, and an ab-

-9-

cover plate 27, on which a sloping to the right and after intake chute 25 open to the right is attached. Through the feed chute 25 can pass through the one located on the right of the mulcher Flails or knives of the rotating shaft are fed to the chopped material. As soon as these knives are more or less worn out, can the cover plate 24 with the feed shaft 25 on the left Side, which means that the knives on the left are now used for chopping. In this way you get a uniform Wear of the knives or flails.

Fig. 3 shows a mulching device similar to that of FIG. 1 in cross section. You can see the front bracket with which the mulching device, which is given the reference number 30, is attached to a towing vehicle can. The type of suspension and the structural design of such a bracket is known per se. The mulcher 30 has on the upper side a cover 31 which corresponds to one of the opening 19 Has opening 32 on which a feed chute 33 is placed which is fastened to the cover by means of screws 34. At the upper edge of the feed chute 33 is a cap hinged, which has a counterweight 36 ..

Located inside the shaft 33

feed rollers with which the mulching material 39,

for example a bale of straw, slowly and selectively conveyed downwards can be, thereby preventing the bale of straw 39 from suddenly and quickly falling through. The transmission can be seen in FIG. 3, which is denoted by the reference numeral 14 to illustrate the equality with the transmission according to FIG. 1; via this transmission is the Rotary shaft 40 driven on the Schlegel in a manner known per se

or rotary knives are attached, the outer turning radius of which has the reference number 41 has. In the left, front area there is a first striking rail 42, which then interacts with the knives 41, when the material to be chopped is on the ground GND. When straw bales are chopped in stationary operation, so when straw bales 39 through are conveyed through the intake chute, then a second beater bar 44 would be required with which the knives 41 for chopping the bale of straw 39 interact.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 can now only be used for drivable vehicles Operation are used (similar to the embodiment according to Fig. 1), in which the opening 32 is closed with a cover plate without a shaft 33. The device according to FIG. 3 can after putting on the Feed chute 33 can also be used as a stationary device, with which certain goods to be mulched can be mulched, for example bales of straw 39 or other goods, with the beater bar cooperates with the knives 41. The device according to FIG. 3 can, however, at the same time both for chopping bales of straw and for painting of material lying on the ground can be used when the device 30 is moved over the ground in the point shown in FIG. 3. The bales of straw are expected to fall down in front of the roller 45, which corresponds to the roller 18 and which is closed, according to the direction of arrow P 1 Mulching material lying on the ground is expected to fly over and behind the roller 45 in the direction of arrow P hit the ground.

The device according to FIG. 3 without a feed chute 33 can also be based on a another type can be used. This can be seen in FIG. 4. In the area of the front bracket 11 there is a not shown in detail Rotary device which rotates the mulcher 30 from the position shown in FIG. 3 by 160 degrees into the position shown in FIG. 4, namely

-11-

-JS-

-JJr-

roughly parallel to the drive shaft coming from the tractor. The axis of rotation around which the device 30 rotates or pivots runs parallel to the plane of the drawing. One recognizes again-around the gear 14, the rotary shaft 40 and the knife 41, which by the Circle are indicated. The cover plate 31 of the housing is closed; this can be achieved by simply adding a cover plate is placed on the opening 32, or that a device is used from the outset in which an opening 32 is not present. The mulching device 30 is now open at the top, and it is now necessary to provide a cover plate 50 on the upper side, which covers the device towards the top and which has an opening 51 on which a Structure 52 can be fastened by means of screw connections 53, which has a feed shaft 54. The roof 31 of the mulcher is therefore at the bottom and the knives 41 or mallets exposed at the top are covered by the protective hood 50 on which the feed shaft 54 is attached.

In the case of wine-growing equipment that are relatively narrow, the second guide rail is omitted and, due to the roof 31 lying below, mulching is required of goods on the ground no longer possible. The shredded material is ejected upwards in the direction of arrow P. due to the guidance through the roof below. In addition, the guide can be supported by guide plates, not shown in detail. This device could also be used in fields where strawberries are planted in rows; due to certain baffles a sufficient amount of straw can be deposited between the rows of strawberries, thereby preventing the strawberries from being in the middle lay on the floor and so dirty. In any case, the device according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 can be shown in FIG

-12-

'Jl.

Ideal location for composting, i.e. working while standing will.

If round straw bales are to be mulched, a modified device similar to that of FIG. 4 can optimally be used. Such round straw bales have a diameter of 1.50 mtr. and a Width of 1.20 mtr. They are pressed in and with scars or nets tied together. In FIG. 6, the mulching device according to FIG. 4 can be seen with the roof 31 located below and with the roof 31 located above Cover 50, the opening 51 not being covered in the device according to FIG. 6. On both sides of the mulcher outside of the side plates Arms 60 and 61 are fixed at the center of the rotating shaft, at the ends of which rollers 62 and 63 are attached. At least one of these reels is one roller, either roller 63 or roller 62, is driven. The two arms 60 and 61 can, as indicated by the dashed lines indicated to be pivoted towards each other. At the same time, the two arms 60 and 61 can be telescoped into one another, so that the distance of the rollers 62 and 63 can be adjusted away from the pivot point of the arms 60 and 61 or towards this. With these rollers that run across the mulcher can bales of straw 64 be mulched. As soon as these straw bales 64 still have the large radius (thick drawn out circumference), the two rollers are in maximum distance from each other. When the bale of straw is mulched, its diameter will decrease (see dash-dotted circle with the reference number 64 '). If this bale of straw is then fed further to the knives 41 £ D 11, then the rollers 62 and 63 must stand closer together, in any case so close that the bale of straw 64 'cannot pass through the space between the two rollers 62 and 63 can fall through. By adjusting the height and spacing accordingly between the two rollers 62 and 63, bales of straw can be made different diameters can be mulched.

It should also be noted that the pivoting of the mulcher according to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 is only possible if the width of the mulching device does not exceed a certain dimension. If the mulcher were too wide, then the swivel movement would can no longer be executed.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5.

One recognizes a mulching device 70 with the two side walls 71 and 72, in which the rotary shaft 73 with the knives 74 is mounted. Line 75 shows the uppermost cylinder line of the outer turning curve of the knife 74.

The mulcher 70 has a feed shaft 75, on both of which A bearing 76 and 77 for a rotary shaft 78 and 79 is attached to each side, at the lower end of which a type of worm drive 80 and 81 is attached. This worm drive is a helically shaped sheet metal with an upper edge 82 and The two Schecken'triebe 80 and 81 reach into the clear width of the A feed chute, so that a bale of straw 84 of the augers 80 and 81 is cut. When the waves 78 and are set in rotation, then the straw bale 84 of the augers 80 and 81, the edges 82 and 83 at the other end have corresponding edges 85, moved downward in a controlled manner, in which the augers 80 and 81 cut into the straw bale and thus move it downwards with the movement of the auger. The snails engage through an opening 86 or 87 in an upper cover plate Sb and are arranged and attached so that they are as tight as possible are on line 7 5. The rotating shafts 78 can for example be coupled to the roller 18 and from the roller 18 when pulling the Mulching device are driven. They can of course also be driven by an oil motor that is powered by the tractor's hydraulics

is operated. The type of drive of the drive shafts 78 and 79 is immaterial.

The mulching device according to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6 remains due to its The stability of the construction is essentially retained, which may not be the case with the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 may be. In any case, in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, care must be taken that the cover plate, which is on the top of the device is attached, the weakening caused by the opening 19 of the cover housing 15 in the upper area strengthens again.

It goes without saying that instead of screw connections to Attachment of the cover plate or the intake chute to the mulcher plug connections and other connections can also be provided.

The particular advantage of the device according to the invention consists that is, that a single device can be used both in stationary operation and in towed operation, and that at the same time both lying on the ground and through the intake shaft added material can be chopped or mulched.

It should be added that the snails are of course covered, thus endangering human life or animals

be avoided.

• / 4-

- Blank page

Claims (13)

Walter Lobmeier P 2. HRL «5 L 85/115 claims 1. Device for mulching various Häc ^ selgüter such. B. Grass, straw, branches, paper, packaging materials and the like., With a driven rotating shaft (40) on the fly cutter or flails (41) are attached, with a top cover (15, 31) and an ejection opening for the chopped hackling material, characterized in that the housing cover (15, 31) has an opening (19, 32) which can be covered with at least one cover plate (20, 23, 24) and that at least a cover plate, a shaft (21, 25, 33) for feeding material to be chopped through the shaft to the rotary knives (41) can be placed. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft (21) in any direction on the cover plate (20, 23, 24) is attached, such that the shaft extends either vertically upwards, forwards or backwards or to the side, the shaft if necessary, parallel to the cover plate to the side or to the rear can run. -2- 3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the opening (19) is covered by means of two cover plates (23,24), of which the feed chute (25) is attached to one (24) is. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that each one cover plate (23,24) covers one half of the opening (19), in such a way that that the feed chute is either on the one or on the is arranged on the other side of the device, so that the wear of the rotary blades during mulching is evenly distributed. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that it can be fastened to a tractor via a hitch block (11), which allows the device (30) to be pivoted by 180 Degree by one to a connecting shaft between the tractor and the device for driving the device allows parallel pivot axis and that after pivoting the device in the supine position, in which the rotary knives are open at the top, a protective hood (50, 52) can be attached which has an opening (51), which can be covered by means of a cover plate (52) with a feed shaft (54) is. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that in the feed chute means (37, 38) in a manner known per se for the controlled feeding in of the chopped material to be mulched (39) are provided for setting the mulching speed are adjustable. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for drawing in feed chains or feed rollers for branches and Branches, intake augers for straw as well as rollers adjustable in height or at a distance from one another are provided, of which at least one is driven. -3- 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that on the broad side of the feed shaft up to the point which is defined by the ends of the knife (74) when rotating the rotary shaft (73), feed screws (80, 81) can be attached to the controlled feeding of a bale of straw (84) to the rotary knives (74). 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the Screws (80, 81) are formed by helically deformed sheet metal. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the screws (80, 81) are connected to a drive shaft (78, 79), which can be driven by the tractor via an oil motor or by a support roller (19). 11. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that im Swivel arms (60, 61) attached to the area of the central axis of the rotary shaft (71) are, at whose.Ends rollers (63, 62) are attached, of which at least one is driven, and that the distance between the rollers (63, 62) and the point of articulation of the pivot axes (60, 61) in the area of the axis of rotation is adjustable so that the rollers can feed both large and small diameter straw bales to the rotary knives. 12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the device can be operated in the stationary and drivable state, the device in the normal position for Mulching of chopped material on the ground and / or chopped material that can be fed to the rotary knives via the intake chute serves, with two striking rails (42, 44) cooperating with the rotary knives (41) being provided if necessary. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition a trailer coupling on the device (10, 30) is attached to which a device for feeding bales of straw or similar chopped material to the intake shaft (21, 25, 33) can be attached.