DE3507459C2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
DE3507459C2
DE3507459C2 DE3507459A DE3507459A DE3507459C2 DE 3507459 C2 DE3507459 C2 DE 3507459C2 DE 3507459 A DE3507459 A DE 3507459A DE 3507459 A DE3507459 A DE 3507459A DE 3507459 C2 DE3507459 C2 DE 3507459C2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
incandescent body
combustion chamber
internal combustion
engine according
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE3507459A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE3507459A1 (en
Inventor
Urs 8500 Nuernberg De Bezold
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19853507459 priority Critical patent/DE3507459A1/en
Publication of DE3507459A1 publication Critical patent/DE3507459A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3507459C2 publication Critical patent/DE3507459C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0636—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0654—Thermal treatments, e.g. with heating elements or local cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0603—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head
    • F02B2023/0606—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head the material being a catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/40—Squish effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Bei Dieselbrennkraftmaschinen arbeitet man im allgemeinen mit Verdichtungsverhältnissen, die über den optimalen Verdichtungsverhältnissen bezüglich spezifischem Verbrauch und Schadstoffgehalt liegen, um den Zündverzug so gering wie möglich zu halten und um ein sicheres Starten auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen zu gewährleisten.Diesel engines are generally used with compression ratios that are above the optimal Compression ratios with regard to specific consumption and pollutant content are so low as to delay the ignition as possible and for a safe start too to ensure at low temperatures.

Durch Glühzündvorrichtungen wird ein sicheres Starten auch bei niedrigen Verdichtungsverhältnissen und bei unterschiedlichen Brennstoffen, wie Alkoholen und Pflanzenölen ermöglicht. Bei üblichen Vorrichtungen, wie Glüheinsätzen oder Zündkammern (z. B. DE-OS 32 24 048) wird der Brennraum zerklüftet, wodurch sich sowohl thermische als auch Strömungsverluste ergeben. Da der Brennstoff durch Druckanstieg in die Zündkammer gerissen wird, sich dort entzündet und dann erst als Flamme in den Hauptbrennraum zurückschlägt und die Verbrennung des inzwischen reichlich eingetretenen Brennstoffs einleitet, ist mit einer starken Zündverzögerung, einem geräuschvollen Lauf und mit hohen NOx-Werten zu rechnen. Bei einer anderen Vorrichtung (DE-OS 32 48 038) wird der Brennstoff durch ein wärmeleitend mit dem Kolbenboden verbundenes, heißes Bauteil aufgewärmt. Da dieses Teil seine Betriebstemperatur erst nach einiger Betriebszeit erreicht, bleibt es sowohl beim Startvorgang als auch in der Warmlaufphase wirkungslos.Glow ignition devices enable safe starting even with low compression ratios and with different fuels such as alcohols and vegetable oils. In conventional devices, such as glow inserts or ignition chambers (e.g. DE-OS 32 24 048), the combustion chamber is fissured, which results in both thermal and flow losses. Since the fuel is torn into the ignition chamber due to an increase in pressure, ignites there and only then strikes back into the main combustion chamber as a flame and initiates the combustion of the fuel, which has meanwhile plentifully entered, there is a strong ignition delay, a noisy run and high NO x values count. In another device (DE-OS 32 48 038), the fuel is warmed up by a hot component that is connected to the piston crown in a heat-conducting manner. Since this part only reaches its operating temperature after some operating time, it remains ineffective both during the starting process and in the warm-up phase.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, die eine strömungsgünstige Möglichkeit zur Gemischbildung bietet, die auch bei niedrigen Betriebstemperaturen wirkungsvoll ist. Damit wird eine weitgehende Unabhängigkeit gegenüber den verwendeten Brennstoffen, ein niedriger spezifischer Verbrauch, eine geringe Schadstoffentwicklung in allen Betriebszuständen, eine hohe spezifische Leistung, ein sicheres Startverhalten und eine geringe Geräuschentwicklung angestrebt. Voraussetztung hierzu ist eine gleichmäßige und vollkommene Verbrennung, also den Brennstoff in kürzestmöglicher Zeit zu entzünden und mit einem möglichst großen Teil der angesaugten Luft in Berührung zu bringen. Während der Verbrennung soll möglichst wenig Energie, z. B. durch Wärme- und Strömungsverluste entzogen werden.The invention is therefore based on the object To create an internal combustion engine that is streamlined Offers the possibility of mixture formation, the is effective even at low operating temperatures. This will make it largely independent of fuels used, a lower specific Consumption, low levels of pollution in all Operating conditions, a high specific performance, a safe starting behavior and low noise  sought. The prerequisite for this is even and perfect combustion, that is Ignite fuel in the shortest possible time and with as much of the air as possible to get in touch. During the combustion should as little energy as possible, e.g. B. by heat and flow losses be withdrawn.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Glühkörper etwa kegelförmig ist, dessen Spitze in den Brennstoffstrahl gelegt wird, und daß die durch Quetschwirkung zwischen Kolben und Zylinder hervorgerufenen Luftströmungen an ihm vorbeistreichen und den aufbereiteten und entzündeten Brennstoff aufnehmen. Die sich im oberen Totpunkt ergebende Brennraumform stellt der toroidförmigen Strömung den geringsmöglichen Widerstand entgegen und führt zu einer innigen Vermischung der Luft mit dem Brennstoff, die durch Zentrifugalkräfte noch unterstützt wird, insofern als die noch unverbrauchte Luft durch ihr gegenüber den schon verbrannten, also heißeren Gasen höheres spez. Gewicht nach außen geschleudert wird und so mit dem verbleibenden Brennstoff in Berührung kommt. According to the invention the object is achieved in that the incandescent body is approximately conical, the tip of which is in the fuel jet is placed and that by Squeezing effect between piston and cylinder Air currents sweep past him and the absorb prepared and ignited fuel. The combustion chamber shape resulting at top dead center provides the toroidal flow the least possible Opposition and leads to an intimate Mixing the air with the fuel through it Centrifugal forces are still supported insofar as the still unused air through it compared to the already burned, so hotter gases higher spec. Weight is thrown out and so with the remaining fuel comes into contact.  

Je nach zu erwartendem Verwendungszweck der Brennkraftmaschine kann der Glühkörper und seine Befestigung entweder so ausgelegt sein, daß bei Vollast die optimale Betriebstemperatur erreicht und im Teillastbereich der Glühkörper elektrisch beheizt wird, oder daß die optimale Betriebstemperatur selbsttätig bereits im Teillastbereich erreicht wird und bei höherer Belastung der Glühkörper, vor allem zur Verminderung des Stickoxidausstoßes, gekühlt wird. Soll der Glühkörper über einen größeren Lastbereich weder beheizt noch gekühlt werden, ist er, um den bei Vollast auftretenden Beanspruchungen standzuhalten, aus einem extrem wärmebeständigen Material, z. B. Siliziumnitrid-Sinterkeramik, herzustellen. Durch Verwendung eines katalytisch die Zündung einleitenden Stoffes kann der Arbeitstemperaturbereich des Glühkörpers nach tieferen Temperaturen ausgeweitet werden, durch eine entsprechend stärkere thermische Ankopplung an den gekühlten Zylinderkopf kann so eine Überhitzung auch über einen größeren Lastbereich vermieden werden.Depending on the intended use of the internal combustion engine to be expected can the filament and its attachment either be designed so that the optimum at full load Operating temperature reached and in the partial load range the filament is heated electrically, or that the optimal Operating temperature already in the partial load range is reached and with a higher load on the filament, especially to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, is cooled. Should the incandescent body have a  larger load range are neither heated nor cooled, he is to the stresses that arise at full load withstand an extremely heat-resistant material, e.g. B. silicon nitride sintered ceramic. By using a catalytically initiating ignition The working temperature range of the incandescent body can be material can be expanded to lower temperatures by a correspondingly stronger thermal coupling to the cooled Cylinder head can also overheat a larger load range can be avoided.

Auch durch die Verwendung einer Einspritzvorrichtung, die wahlweise mehr den Glühkörper mit Brennstoff beaufschlagt oder in die umliegenden Zonen spritzt, kann die Temperatur des Glühkörpers beeinflußt werden. Die Steuerung dieser Vorrichtung kann entweder von Außen, z. B. elektronisch oder in Abhängigkeit von der eingespritzten Brennstoffmenge erfolgen.Also by using an injector, which optionally applies more fuel to the incandescent body or splashing into the surrounding zones, the Temperature of the filament can be influenced. The control this device can either from the outside, for. B. electronically or depending on the injected Amount of fuel.

Zeichnungdrawing

Die Zeichnung zeigt ein im Folgenden näher beschriebenes Ausführungsbeispiel.The drawing shows one described in more detail below Embodiment.

Der Zylinderkopf (3) ist flach ausgeführt mit einer Gewindebohrung zur Aufnahme des Glühkörpers (4) einschließlich dessen Befestigungsvorrichtung, in der an der mit (5) bezeichneten Stelle eine Aussparung zur Aufnahme der Einloch-Einspritzdüse liegt. Der Kolben (2) ist derart geformt, daß sich in der gezeichneten oberen Totpunktlage ein toroidförmiger Brennraum (1) ergibt.The cylinder head ( 3 ) is flat with a threaded bore for receiving the incandescent body ( 4 ) including its fastening device, in which a recess for receiving the single-hole injection nozzle is located at the point ( 5 ). The piston ( 2 ) is shaped such that a toroidal combustion chamber ( 1 ) results in the upper dead center position shown.

Claims (5)

1. Dieselbrennkraftmaschine mit Gemischbildung in einem Brennraum mit einer toroidförmigen Brennraummulde im Kolbenboden und einer bezüglich dieser etwa mittig angeordneten Einspritzdüse und einem Glühkörper, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Glühkörper am Zylinderkopf mit Abstand zur Einspritzdüse befestigt ist und von dieser mit Brennstoff beaufschlagt wird,
daß der Glühkörper etwa kegelförmig ist und seine Grundfläche im oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens einen geringen Abstand zur Oberfläche der Brennraummulde aufweist.1. Diesel internal combustion engine with mixture formation in a combustion chamber with a toroidal combustion chamber trough in the piston crown and an injection nozzle arranged approximately in the center thereof and a glow element, characterized in that
that the incandescent body is fastened to the cylinder head at a distance from the injection nozzle and fuel is applied by it,
that the incandescent body is approximately conical and its base surface at the top dead center of the bulb is a short distance from the surface of the combustion chamber trough. 2. Dieselbrennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Glühkörper elektrisch beheizbar ist.2. Diesel engine according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the incandescent body is electrically heated is. 3. Dieselbrennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Glühkörper aus einem katalytisch den Verbrennungsvorgang beeinflussenden Material besteht, bzw. mit einem solchen ganz oder teilweise überzogen ist.3. Diesel internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the incandescent body from a catalytically influencing the combustion process Material exists, or with such a whole or is partially covered. 4. Dieselbrennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Glühkörper gekühlt werden kann, z. B. durch Verdampfungskühlung mit einem Metall wie Natrium.4. Diesel internal combustion engine according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the incandescent body can be cooled, e.g. B. by evaporative cooling with a metal like sodium. 5. Dieselbrennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Richtung des eingespritzten Brennstoffs in Abhängigkeit des Betriebszustandes der Dieselbrennkraftmaschine auf den Glühkörper oder in den umliegenden Brennraum einstellbar ist.5. Diesel internal combustion engine according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the direction of the injected fuel depending on the Operating state of the diesel engine the incandescent body or in the surrounding combustion chamber is adjustable.
DE19853507459 1985-03-02 1985-03-02 Glow ignition device for an internal combustion engine Granted DE3507459A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853507459 DE3507459A1 (en) 1985-03-02 1985-03-02 Glow ignition device for an internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853507459 DE3507459A1 (en) 1985-03-02 1985-03-02 Glow ignition device for an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3507459A1 DE3507459A1 (en) 1986-09-04
DE3507459C2 true DE3507459C2 (en) 1993-07-01

Family

ID=6264046

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19853507459 Granted DE3507459A1 (en) 1985-03-02 1985-03-02 Glow ignition device for an internal combustion engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3507459A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10025754A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 Bruno Lindl Cold start and warming-up ignition device for diesel engine has catalytically active layer applied to component bounding combustion chamber

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991019083A1 (en) * 1990-06-04 1991-12-12 Nippon Clean Engine Research Institute Co., Ltd. Internal combustion engine of hot surface collision ignition type and hot surface collision ignition thereof
CA2088786C (en) * 1991-06-21 1998-05-05 Shigeru Onishi Direct-injection type compression-ignition internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE500123C (en) * 1930-06-18 Friedr Deckel Injection internal combustion engine
DE946931C (en) * 1951-05-23 1956-09-13 Hugo Cordes Dipl Ing Injection internal combustion engine with a combustion chamber located in the piston
DE3248038A1 (en) * 1982-12-24 1984-06-28 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Reciprocating piston-cylinder arrangement for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10025754A1 (en) * 2000-05-25 2001-11-29 Bruno Lindl Cold start and warming-up ignition device for diesel engine has catalytically active layer applied to component bounding combustion chamber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3507459A1 (en) 1986-09-04

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D2 Grant after examination
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8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee