DE3444346A1 - Process by which large floats can be produced, or subsequently treated, in such a way that they are partly or completely unsinkable - Google Patents

Abstract

In this process, the supporting air volume, enclosed in a pressure-tight manner, of conventional floats, such as for example pontoons, is replaced by a suitable solid material. This filling material may be polyurethane foam of average density in a form which is layered, fibre-reinforced, partly filled or with a gas-filled foam-encapsulated hollow cushion. The physical properties of the filling material, the closed cellular structure of the PU foam and the high mechanical strength make the components processed according to the invention virtually unsinkable, even if damaged by gunfire, weld-seam rupture or rust.

Description

Procedure through which the large swimming pool partially or completely

can be made unsinkable or retrofitted.

The invention relates to a method by which floating bodies such as e.g. Pontoon bridge parts or ferries during production and also later through retrofitting can be made unsinkable.

The state of the art is explained here using the example of floating pontoons, which appears to be unsatisfactory from a safety point of view in many respects: 1, By high Quality requirements for all weld seams of such floating bodies are flaws, cavities or damaged areas cannot be avoided. Rust and aging cause these joints to become damaged leaks and let water penetrate into the hollow chambers of the floating body, whereby the load-bearing capacity is reduced.

2. Condensation inside the float can also cause rust leaking good welded joints will be a burden.

3. In the event of mechanical damage to the floating bodies, for example when and unloading can cause leaks in the component due to compression or tension shifts appear.

4. In military use, floats can be hit by fire and Splinter effect can be brought to sink immediately.

5. The handling of conventional floating bodies, as hollow bodies have a strong body-own droning behavior, is with strong noise development connected, assembly as well as over-driving cause avoidable noises.

The object of the invention is to improve those floating bodies to to achieve greater user safety.

The invention is achieved by the fact that the pressure-tight enclosed and the load-bearing air volume of these floating bodies, which is always a measure of the load-bearing capacity and buoyancy is replaced by a solid substance that is as low as possible specific Has weight compared to water in order to ensure buoyancy of the float.

At the same time, the filler must have physical properties, the complete resistance to water, solvents and paints as well as a high one MalS guarantee mechanical dimensional stability, rot resistance and shrinkage.

In addition, the filler should not allow water to be absorbed.

The object of the invention is achieved through the use of rigid polyurethane foam largely achieved as a filler. It has predominantly closed cells that are not connected to each other via the gas phase. By its natural Rtebekraft, PU rigid foam adheres to almost all substrates.

The high dimensional stability allows use in temperature ranges from -160 to + 1400C.

The introduction of the filler, as described below, is varies so that the float to be secured is only partially or completely unsinkable is going to include various economic aspects and uses too suffice.

The invention is based on exemplary embodiments with reference Described in more detail on the drawing: Fig. I illustrates a breakup of the new Floating pontoons with open chamber frames Fig. II shows a cross section of a floating pontoon Fig.III shows the accommodation of the filling snorkel in one of the manhole covers represent.

The following is an exemplary embodiment using a pontoon.

In contrast to conventional swimming pontoons, which are pressure-tight welded transverse and longitudinal bulkheads form 8 and more separate swimming chambers the basic construction of the new pontoon is already considerably simplified.

The pontoon is made with cut transverse frames Qs and longitudinal frames Ls stiffened. So there is enough space in the free interior of the pontoon for an inflatable hollow cushion El, the full volume of which is max. so '; of the total volume of the whole swimming pontoon.

The hollow cushion has at least one directed towards the top of the pontoon Filling and evacuation snorkel S provided.

The snorkel length is at least 300mm, the diameter is larger than 50 mm. The hollow cushion H consists of tear-resistant polyethylene sufficient Wall thickness or made of coated textile fabric. The long-term property of Polyurethanes.

Brittle rubber and plastics has no effect here.

The snorkel end has an Sd in the unscrewable snorkel cover Compressed air valve through which the hollow cushion is inflated.

In the top of the pontoon there is at least 1 amply dimensioned one Manhole M of the free passage dimension at least 400 x 600 mm, there are several manholes on the surface, they are arranged asymmetrically. The manhole cover Md bolted to the surface of the pontoon. In the lid Md there is a box-shaped one Depression according to Fig. III, the snorkel is through the underside of the depression S inserted into this lid cavity. The size of the cavity is dimensioned so that the free end of the snorkel can be inserted in turns. As run-over protection a rotating lid is used for the snorkel-filled cavity d.

Between all steel inner surfaces of the pontoon and the outer envelope surface the Hohlicissens H is a homogeneous mass of polyurethane foam. The foam, a pouring foam with a slow rise time is able to cure the hollow cushion after it has hardened H to be permanently fixed even after the supporting air has been released due to its adhesive property.

Dlohl cushions, PU foam and pontoon thus form a solid body reduced air chamber volume by approx. 50%.

The entire body hardened in this way is due to mass distribution to evaluate load-bearing parts in terms of overall buoyancy better than a conventional pontoon Art. The reduced amount of steel through cut-out ribs compared to full bulkheads causes a lower total mass, the mass of the filler used is included negligible.

Another variant of the invention is achieved when by the unscrewed snorkel cover Sd the air-filled interior of the hollow cushion H as well is filled with filler.

Now there is no more air inside the floating pontoon.

In this version the pontoon is even against full penetration Unsinkable, hardened polyurethane foam has the property of being shot through not to form widened firing channels.

The arrangement of the components according to the invention allows foaming the inner air chamber of the hollow cushion H at any later point in time Places too. Depending on the application, pontoons can be retrofitted at short notice will.

The process can also be used for reworking old floating pontoons It is used to cut holes and vent holes inclined Here, the size of the ochott chambers allows a conclusion about the execution according to claim no. 7, 12 or others.

Advantages of the method according to the invention: Swimming pontoons become safer to handle and operate.

Even serious damage to the outer steel jacket does not cause any noticeable loss of buoyancy.

Leaning and slipping of cargo due to uneven water ingress in asymmetrically damaged bulkheads is not possible.

Claim 15 f finally shows a way to quickly and To enable inexpensive crossings of slow-moving waters, straight An inexpensive solution can thus be found for passenger pontoon bridges.

The handling of polyurethane foams is sufficiently simple, so a swimming pontoons can also be manufactured there according to the method according to the invention, where mechanical and welding equipment produce air-filled, i.e. Do not allow pressure-tight ionontons.

Claims (15)

Process that makes the large float partially or completely unsinkable can be manufactured or retrofitted. Claims 1. Method through which the large floating body partially until completely unsinkable can be manufactured or retrofitted, characterized by that the buoyancy-generating, enclosed air volume of the float through a solid, water-repellent filler with much less specificity Weight as water is replaced. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a filler Rigid polyurethane foam with a barely exposed weight of between 20 and 80 kg is used per m3. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler daiz can consist of different materials. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the filler can also contain gas-filled cavities of various volumes. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler The layers can be applied in layers inside the floating body can be made of different materials. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that da1 the different Build-up layers of the filler have been manufactured in an injection or casting process, with individual layers coated with long-fiber textile or mineral materials could be. 7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that before introduction of the filler a hollow cushion H is fixed in the float and inflated, the cushion volume can reach up to 50'-J of the total float volume. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow cushion H has fastening eyes on the underside to secure it against floating can be fixed at the bottom of the float during foaming. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the hollow cushion H has at least one filling and evacuation snorkel S on the top, which is at least 300 mm long and greater than 50 mm in diameter. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the snorkel S at the free end with a screwable cover Sd is provided in the middle Has compressed air valve. 11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the floating body can be provided with injection openings on all outer surfaces, so that the filler The float can be filled in different layers to avoid bulges of the hollow cushion X to counteract. 12. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the filler from a mixture of polyurethane foam and flaky bulk material, preferably Styrofoam bodies of various geometric external shapes can exist. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that gas via a hose system with outlet openings during foaming is introduced into the filler under high pressure. 14. The method according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that dalB conventional, older floating bodies by making sufficient manholes and Vent holes are foamed with filler. 15. The method according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that individual Steel walls of the float can already be saved on the construction side, so that only a sufficiently mechanically stiffened roadway on an otherwise open road Polyurethane foam block forms the float. 15. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the below the carriageway completely steel-free floating body is manufactured in a mold, wherein In the outer layers of the polyurethane foam found a textile, close-meshed one Mesh or expanded metal is incorporated.