DE3427502A1 - Fire-resistant component - Google Patents

Abstract

For a component pressed from chip material with the application of heat, non-hydraulic or air-drying pulverulent binders are used which provide the finished component with fire-resistant properties.

Description

Fire-resistant component

The invention relates to a fire-resistant component and a Process for its manufacture by removing chipboard material with the help of a binder is compressed under pressure.

The production of components or chipboard without use of gluing fluids without the addition of water and / or without pre-drying the chips is already known, with the binding agent - for example plaster of paris, cement - in the system uses contained water for the setting process.

The disadvantage of this procedure is the necessary presence of defined Feuchtigke.t in the fact that the finished panels are sensitive to bending and are difficult to work with and have a high density.

The object of the invention is a relatively light component, in particular to find a plate which, in addition to good inherent rigidity, is easy to process possesses and under the action of heat or fire fast burn-up as well as afterglow avoids, and can be produced by a process that is based on defined Can do without amounts of moisture.

Surprisingly, it was found that even the hydraulic Powdered substances that make fire-resistance properties like binders under the conditions of pressboard production, a sufficient one for many purposes Can bind the chips to firm and relatively light chipboard.

The chipboard panels obtainable in this way are characterized by a good quality Can be used for fire protection purposes, as they are both good against the effects able to isolate from fire, as well as by the powdery surprisingly binding components according to the invention to flame formation, rapid burn-up or are prevented from afterglow and so not or hardly any fire spread contribute.

The object is achieved in that a mixture of Chip material and in powder form, non-hydraulic, fire-resistant imparting substances as binders at a temperature of 5 - 250 "C and pressures from 5 - 250 bar is connected to one component.

The components, especially panels, can be made by sprinkling a mixture made of chip material and the powdery substances simply given in a form will. During the subsequent work step, in particular, takes place at Temperatures from 80 - 1800C and pressures of 15 - 80 bar during a pressing time of 3 - 15 minutes the shaping, with an addition of powdery, fire resistance effecting substances of 3-50 wt .-%, preferably 5-25 wt .-% as advantageous has proven.

Wood chips, in particular, are used as the chip material for the production of pressboard known varieties and grades considered. But there may also be mixed with such chips, other chip-like organic or inorganic materials into consideration, such as possibly cut pieces of straw, grass, fruit peels, Fruit kernels, seeds, leaves, bark, minerals such as mica, talc, vermiculite, Perlite, asbestos, KaoLine, plaster, slate, graphite, etc. are in question.

The chip materials can be used alone or in a mixture and do not need to be pre-dried, but can be stored in the originally moist State apply. Most of them have a moisture content of 3 to 50% by weight before. It is expedient for them to be in such a dry state that they can flow and spread and don't appear sticky.

As powdered substances that impart fire resistance hydraulic binders such as lime, magnesia, gypsum or cement are not understood, rather, they are organic or inorganic salts and compounds of any other kind whose suitability for fire protection purposes is known or easily evident is as well as their mixtures.

These include, for example, nitrogen compounds such as amides, ureas, Cyanuric acid and its derivatives such as urea, sulfanilamide, guanidine, guanamide, Amine cyanurates, dicyandiamide, dicyandiamidine, melamine, urethanes, allophanates, urazole, Thiazoles, hydrazodicarbonamide or the addition products of such compounds and acids or bases, such as. B. Acids of phosphorus, such as guanidine phosphate, melamine phosphate, Ethylenediamine cyanurate, reaction products of isocyanates and amines.

Next are also z. B. sulfates, borates and phosphates or polyphosphates and compounds such as phosphoric acid esters or amides, phosphoric acid salts and esters and amides, derivatives of phosphorous acid, etc. are suitable.

Examples are borax, amine phosphates such as ammonium phosphates, Ethyltanediamine phosphates or polyphosphates, meta- and pyrophosphates in Alkali phosphates, fusible heavy metal phosphates come into consideration. Conversion products from halides of phosphorus and amines, phenols, alcohols.

Silicates and their powdered hydration products can also be used like sodium or potassium silicates as they are as neutral, basic or as so-called Alkali metasilicate are commercially available, e.g. B. Sodium metasilicate with 9 H2O crystal water be used. There are also more highly condensed so-called water glass silicates or

to consider their hydration products.

This also includes polyhydroxyl compounds such as pentaerythritol and its condensation products, as well as carbohydrates, which are especially used for training tend towards fire retardant carbonization foams.

Although also halogen-containing compounds such as halogenated aromatics or aliphatics or chlorides such as magnesium oxychloride or aluminum oxychloride in They are to be considered because of the possibility of hydrogen halide formation less preferred.

Combinations of the various powdery, Substances and substance groups conferring fire resistance. Combinations too with hydraulic binders such as plaster of paris or cement are conceivable.

The addition of inert fillers of fibrous, flaky, spherical, broken, hollow, porous or massive types are also possible, as well the use of dehydratable additives such. B. alumina hydrates or water-containing minerals such as zeolites, ettringite or hydrotalcite.

In a particular embodiment, the component is - preferably a plate - by sprinkling different layers of chip material and / or Fire resistance of substances imparting a sandwich structure.

Through such a scattering process, a plate can be made up of several Layers of different composition and concentration like that be built up so that they will later meet the requirements in terms of strength and fire resistance optimally fulfilled with the least amount of material. As top layers Foils, fabrics or veneers can also be incorporated.

A component manufactured according to the process has fire resistance powdery substances made from cyanuric acid derivatives and / or amine phosphates and / or alkali borates, (e.g. (NH4) 2HPO4 and melamine).

The components or chipboard panels constructed in this way can be sawn and nailed as well as screwed. Their strength is for fire protection purposes in most cases sufficient. When exposed to a flame, they do not tend to burn and Afterglow. They form a heat-insulating carbonization structure.

Such construction elements are suitable for cable insulation, as Floor element, as a ceiling element, for soundproofing purposes and as a material in fire-retardant formwork, paneling, furniture and housing construction.

In the following the invention is explained by way of example, the The parts and percentages given relate to weight.

Spruce top layer chipboard with a moisture content is used as the chip material used by approx. 9%.

As a powdery, fire-resistant material the following substances or mixtures of substances are used, grain sizes below 0.3 mm mean grain diameter: A: sec. Ammonium phosphate B: neutral ethylenediamine orthophosphate C: sec. Ammonium phosphate / melamine (1: 1) D: sodium silicate, basic, commercial product E: sodium metasilicate x 9 H20 F: borax G: borax / Ca (OH) 2 (4: 1) H: sulfanilamide I: glucose / melamine phosphate (1: 1) K: urea / ammonium polyphosphate (1: 1) L: Dicyandiamide / iron oxide red pigment (1: 0.1) M: melamine N: neutral ethylene diamine orthophosphate / melamine (6: 4) O: ammonium polyphosphate / Ca (OH) 2 (2: 1) P: prim. Ammonium phosphate / melamine / paraformaldehyde (1: 2: 0.2) Q: prim. Ammonium phosphate / melamine / gypsum (1: 1: 1) R: Na water glass, hydrated, moisture content approx. 25% / dicyandiamide (1: 1) S: powdered commercially available Intumescent paint (Pyromors paint, Desowag) The formulations according to the invention and pressing conditions are tabulated below.

The mixture of chips and additives was as homogeneous and flat as possible on a sheet steel plate with Silicone release agent pretreated was, sprinkled and then pressed in a heated platen press. there has been a Plate thickness of approx. 18 mm set. The densities were between 0.82 and 1.26 g cm Example Chips Additives Pressure Tempera- Time No. Tle Type, Tle bar temperature oC Min.

1 850 A 150 30 160 15 2 800 B 200 55 170 16 3 800 C 200 40 185 15 4 700 D 300 35 155 20 5 800 E 200 35 140 20 6 880 F 120 70 175 15 7 800 G 200 40 180 15 8 850 H 150 35 170 20 9 800 I 200 35 170 20 10 800 K 200 35 175 10 11 800 L 200 30 180 15 12 800 M 200 80 180 20 13 800 N 200 35 175 15 14 800 0 200 35 180 10 15 810 P 190 40 180 20 16 800 Q 200 35 160 20 17 900 R 100 85 150 20 18 1000 "85 170 20 19 850 S 150 35 175 10 The plate according to Example 18 crumbles according to the Remove from the press and cool under hand and has no firm hold. When flaming with a Bunsen burner, this material burns and is in a few Minutes destroyed.

In all other cases, the panels have one after cooling solid cohesion and can be sawed with a band saw. The surfaces make a smooth impression. When exposed to a flame with the Bunsen burner, the Plates and in individual cases form a porous carbonization structure in the direction on the flame. When the burner flame is removed, there is no afterburning or burning Afterburn in less than 10 seconds. It only works with Po. D, E, R a slight afterglow of the chips observed after removing the flame.

Claims (4)

Claims 1 method for producing fire-resistant Components, in which chip material is pressed under pressure with the help of a binding agent, characterized in that a mixture of chip material and present in powder form, Substances imparting fire resistance at temperatures from 5 to 2500C and pressure from 5 to 250 bar is combined to form a molded part. 2. Process for the production of fire-resistant components - preferably Panels - according to claim 1, characterized in that the component is sprinkled on different layers of chip material and / or different fire resistance imparting substances is built up like a sandwich. 3. Components manufactured according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that the powdery substance made from cyanuric acid derivatives, imparting fire resistance and / or amine phosphates and / or alkali borates. 4. Construction elements, especially for buildings, partitions and Furniture manufactured using components according to claims 1-3.