DE3420729A1 - Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs serving simultaneously as floors and heating surfaces for buildings - Google Patents
Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs serving simultaneously as floors and heating surfaces for buildingsInfo
- Publication number
- DE3420729A1 DE3420729A1 DE3420729A DE3420729A DE3420729A1 DE 3420729 A1 DE3420729 A1 DE 3420729A1 DE 3420729 A DE3420729 A DE 3420729A DE 3420729 A DE3420729 A DE 3420729A DE 3420729 A1 DE3420729 A1 DE 3420729A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- reinforced concrete
- prefabricated reinforced
- concrete slabs
- slabs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
- E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
- E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
- E04C2/525—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for heating or cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BESCHREIBUNG DER EKF INUUNGDESCRIPTION OF THE EKF INUUNG
Anwendung: Application :
Die beschriebenen vorgefertigten Stahlbetonplatten mit eingebauten Heizelementen sollen zugleich als Geschoßdecken und Heizflächen für Gebäude dienen.The prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs described with Built-in heating elements should also serve as floor ceilings and heating surfaces for buildings.
Zweck der Erfindung: Purpose of the invention :
Durch die Verwendung von vorgefertigter und oberseitig geglätteter Stahlbeton-Geschoßdeckenplatten als Heizflächen By using pre-made and top-sided Smoothed reinforced concrete floor slabs as heating surfaces
- sollen die großen Flächen von Geschoßdecken zu einem Heizbetrieb mit niederen Heizwassertemperaturen genutzt werden;- the large areas of floor ceilings should become one Heating mode used with low heating water temperatures will;
- soll die Speicherfähigkeit der Stahlbetonplatten für einen energiesparenden und Materialschonenden Heizbetrieb mit möglichst langen Heizpausen und Heizphasen genutzt werden;- should the storage capacity of the reinforced concrete slabs for an energy-saving and material-friendly heating operation with the longest possible heating breaks and heating phases be used;
- soll die Installation von Heizflächen von der Baustelle weg in die Vorfertigung ohnehin verwendeter Stahlbetonfertigteile verlegt werden;- the installation of heating surfaces away from the construction site in the prefabrication should be used anyway Precast reinforced concrete elements are laid;
- soll bei geringeren Anforderungen an die Trittschalldämmung auf die bauseitige zusätzliche Herstellung eines schwimmenden Estrichs verzichtet werden können.- should be used with lower requirements for impact sound insulation the additional construction of a floating screed on site can be dispensed with.
Strand der Technik: Beach of technology :
Bekannt sind Fußbodenheizungen, wobei Heizelemente in oder unter einem schwimmenden Estrich aus mineralischem oder bituminösem Material angeordnet sind.Floor heating systems are known, with heating elements in or under a floating floor made of mineral or bituminous material are arranged.
Bekannt sind auch Geschoßdecken aus Stahlbeton, die an der Baustelle gegossen und in welche Heizelemente vorzugsweise Heizwasser-führende Stan1rohre - einbetoniert werden.Floor ceilings made of reinforced concrete are also known, which are poured at the construction site and in which heating elements, preferably heating water-carrying Stan 1 pipes - are concreted.
Bekannt sind auch vorgefertigte Stahlbetondeckenplatten aber ohne fertige, glatte Oberseite und olmt einbetonierte Heizelemente.Prefabricated reinforced concrete ceiling panels are also known but without a finished, smooth top and olmt concreted in Heating elements.
Kritik am Stand der TechnikCriticism of the state of the art
- Die Qualität der Oberflächen sowohl von auf der Baustelle gegossenen Stahlbetondecken als auch der bekannten vorgefertigten Stahlbeton-Geschoß-Deckenplatten machen einen nachträglich auf der Baustelle herzustellenden Estrich notwendig.- The quality of the surfaces of both reinforced concrete ceilings poured on site and the familiar ones Prefabricated reinforced concrete storey ceiling slabs make a retrospective on the construction site screed to be produced is necessary.
- Auch die Herstellung von Fußbodenheizunqen auf der Baustelle erfordert nach Herstellung der Geschoßdecke zusätzliche Arbeitsgänge auf der Baustelle, die dort nicht rationalisiert werden können und den übrigen Bauablauf behindern oder verzögern.- Also the production of underfloor heating on the The construction site requires additional work steps on the construction site after the floor slab has been produced, which cannot be rationalized there and hinder or delay the rest of the construction process.
- Bei der Einbetonierung von Heizelementen in die auf der Baustelle gegossenen Stahlbetondecken dürfen die Heizelemente nicht dicht an der Unterseite der Decke liegen, da dort durch die spätere Montage von Leuch- 4* ten und ähnlichem die Gefahr der Beschädigungen zu <-, groß ist. Die Heizelemente müssen deshalb bei auf der Baustelle gegossenen Stahlbetondecke vor dem Gießen der Decken in der Deckenschalung in einem bestimmten Abstand von der Deckenunterseite, bzw. von der Schalung, fixiert werden. Dies ist angesichts der Hersteil ungsbedinqunqen auf der Baustelle un.ständlich und zeitraubend, und vor allem können evtl. verformbare Heizelemente (Kunststoffrohre, Hrizkabelmatten) in der Schalung hinsichtlich ihrer Höhenlage nicht ausreichend zuverlässig fixiert werden.- In the embedding of heating elements in the cast at the construction site reinforced concrete floors, the heating elements must not be located close to the underside of the ceiling because there th * by the later installation of luminaire 4 and the like, the risk of damage to <- is great. In the case of a reinforced concrete ceiling poured on the construction site, the heating elements must therefore be fixed in the ceiling formwork at a certain distance from the underside of the ceiling or from the formwork before the ceilings are poured. In view of the manufacturing conditions on the construction site, this is inconvenient and time-consuming, and above all, any deformable heating elements (plastic pipes, heating cable mats) in the formwork cannot be fixed with sufficient reliability in terms of their height.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, zusammen mit vorgefertigten Stahlbeton-Geschoßdecken-PIatten Heizflächen für Gebäude zu schaffen, die den Erfordernissen moderner, energiesparender N '< edertemperatur— und Wärmepumpenheizungen entgegenkommen, kostengünstig sind, die Oualität industriell gefertigter Produkte aufweisen und den Bauablauf auf der Baustelle vereinfachen statt komplizieren.The invention is based on the object, along with prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs-PIatten to provide heating surfaces for buildings that meet the requirements of modern, energy-efficient N '<edertemperatur- and heat pump heating systems are inexpensive, have the Oualität industrially manufactured products and the construction process on the Simplify the construction site instead of complicating it.
Lösung: Solution :
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß wie folgt oelöst (siehe Figur 1, ? und 3)The object is achieved according to the invention as follows (see Figure 1 ,? And 3)
Die Geschoßdecken nahezu aller Gebäude werden ohnehin aus Stahlbeton hergestellt. Durch die besonderen Wärmeleit- und -Speichereigenschaften des Betons sind Stahlbeton-Geschoßdecken als Niedertemperaturheizflachen für einen Heizbetrieb mil/6 angen Heizphasen und Heizpausen bestens geeignet. Zur Vermeidung der Probleme des Einbetonierens von Heizelementen auf der Baustelle und zur Kostensenkung werden erfindungsgemäß Stahlbeton-Geschoßdeckenplatten mit eingebauten Heizelementen vorgefertigt (1) und (2).The ceilings of almost all buildings are made of reinforced concrete anyway. Due to the special heat conduction and storage properties of concrete are reinforced concrete floor slabs as low-temperature heating surfaces for one Heating mode with / 6 pleasant heating phases and heating breaks ideal suitable. To avoid the problems of setting in concrete of heating elements on the construction site and to reduce costs are reinforced concrete floor slabs according to the invention prefabricated with built-in heating elements (1) and (2).
Zur Herstellung der vorzufertigenden Deckenplatten wird ,Ϋ zunächst, wie bekannt und üblich, die Form geschalt, undTo produce the ceiling panels to be prefabricated , Ϋ first, as is known and customary, the form is formed, and
die Bewehrung vorgerichtet und nach statischer E fordernisthe reinforcement prepared and according to static requirements
t ' r t ' r
<- in die Schalung gelegt. Hierauf wird der Beton bis zu einer<- placed in the formwork. Thereupon the concrete becomes up to one
bestimmten Höhe ei ngebr<icht; bei einem Einsatz als Deckenheizung ist der Sicherheitsabstand von der üeckenuntersicht ca. 7 cm (Figur 2), bei einem Einsatz als Fußbodenheizung wird der. Beton zunächst bis auf ca. Λ cm unter der Oberkante eingebracht (Figur 3).given amount; When used as ceiling heating, the safety distance from the bottom of the corner is approx. 7 cm (Figure 2), when used as underfloor heating, the. Concrete initially placed up to approx. Λ cm below the upper edge (Figure 3).
Hierauf wird das möglichst vorgefertigte Heizelement und eine eventuelle obere Bewehrung nach statischer Erfordernis· eingelegt und der restliche Beton eingebracht. Der oberste Beton wird mit feiner Körnunq hergestellt und so geglättet, daß die auf der Baustelle eingebaute Deckenplatte ohne zusätzlichen Estrich mit einem PVC- oder Teppichboden beklebt werden kann.The prefabricated heating element and any upper reinforcement according to static requirements inserted and the rest of the concrete poured in. The top concrete is made with fine grain and such smoothed that the ceiling plate installed on the construction site without additional screed with a PVC or Carpet can be pasted.
PC S" PC S "
Als Heizelemente dienen entweder Heizwasser führende Rohrleitungen aus Kunststoff oder Metall, o<i<->r Hei::- kabelmatten.Either heating water is used as heating elements Pipelines made of plastic or metal, o <i <-> r Hei :: - cable mats.
- F'ür die Ausführunq der Heizelemente als Heizwasser- For the execution of the heating elements as heating water
führende Rohrleitunqen kommen bevorzuqt Kunststoffrohre in Betracht. In jeder vorqeiertigten Stahlbetondeckenplatte wird ein Heizkreis (?.) einbetoniert, dessen zwei aus dem Fertiqteil austretende Enden mit Hilfe von Schweißmuffen (3) und Verbindungsleitunqen über den Vor- und Rücklaufverteiler (5) und (6) bis zum Wärmeerzeuger verlängert werden. Die Verbindunqsleitungen werden in den am Stoß von 2 Stahlbetonplatten gebildeten Zwischenraum (7) einnelegt, welcher vor dem Mauern des nächsten Geschosses mit Beton aus-Leading pipelines are preferably plastic pipes. A heating circuit (?.) Is concreted into each prefabricated reinforced concrete ceiling slab, the two ends of which emerging from the finished part are extended to the heat generator with the help of welding sleeves (3) and connecting lines via the flow and return distributors (5) and (6). The connecting lines are laid in the space (7) formed at the joint of 2 reinforced concrete slabs, which is lined with concrete in front of the walls of the next floor.
"55 gegossen wird."55 is poured.
Die Erwärmung des Heizwassers erfolgt; entweder mit den bekannten Heizwärmeerzeuqern (A), wie O]- oder Gaskessel oder Wärmepumpe oder mit Hilfe des seither nur zur BrauchwassererwHrmung verwendeten und besonders kostengünstigen l:.\ ektrodurchl auf erh i t zer:;.The heating water is heated; either with the known Heizwärmeerzeuqern (A ), such as O] - or gas boiler or heat pump or with the help of the particularly cost-effective l:. \ ektrodurchl auf Heizer:;.
- Die Steuerunq aller Wärmeerzeugr-r ■-■: Ό'Ή ni ttel s den von den Fußborien-Elektrospeicherheizunqen her bekannten Aufladesteuerungen (8),in Abhängigkeit von der Witterung und der Restwärme in den Stahlbeton-Geschofl-Deckenplatten. - The control of all heat generators ■ - ■: Ό'Ή ni ttel s den known from the Fußborien-Elektrospeicherheizunqen Charging controls (8), depending on the weather and the residual heat in the reinforced concrete floor slabs.
BAD ORiGSNALBAD ORiGSNAL
Erzielbare Vorteile: - ί · Achievable advantages : - ί ·
- Große Heizflächen ermöglichen niedere Heizwassertemperaturen. Niedere Heizwassertempera!uren sind energiesparend. Bei Wärmepumpen verengern sie deren Lebensdauer und erhöhen ihre Leistungszahl.- Large heating surfaces enable lower heating water temperatures. Low heating water temperatures save energy. In the case of heat pumps, they shorten their service life and increase their coefficient of performance.
- Die große Wärmespeicherfähigkeit des Betons erlaubt lanqe und zusammenhängende Heizphasen und Heizpausen ohne zu stark schwankende Raumtemperaturen.- The great heat storage capacity of the concrete allows Long and coherent heating phases and heating breaks without excessively fluctuating room temperatures.
- Lanqe Heizphar.en und Heizpausen tragen zur Energieeinsparunq bei.- Lanqe heating phases and heating breaks contribute to energy savings at.
- fcüne Verringerung der Zdhl der Einschaltungen verlängert die Lebensdauer von Runs t s t.of 1 1 ei tunqen , von Steuerorganen und der Wärmeerzeuqer- Increase in the number of start-ups the service life of Runs t s t.of 1 1 ei tunqen, of control organs and the heat generator
·»· - und ermög Liehen bei Elektro— und Wärmepumpenhei—· »· - and enables rental of electric and heat pump heating
. zungen die vorzugsweise Inanspruchnahme von billigerem Nachtstrom, ohne daß die Installation von besonderen, zusätzliche Kosten verursachenden Speicherelementen zur Überbrückung der langen Heizpausen taqsüber erforderlich wäre: Wärme— pumpen brauchen keine Pufferspeicher mehr, Elektrospeicherheizungen brauchen keine Feststoff— oder Wasserspeicher mehr.. tongues the preferential use of cheaper night electricity without the installation of special, additional cost-causing storage elements to bridge the long Heating breaks would be necessary throughout the day: heat pumps no longer need buffer storage, electric storage heaters need no more solid or water storage.
- Die Vorfertigung ermöglicht eine rationelIe und kostengünstige Herstellung.- The prefabrication enables a rational and inexpensive Manufacturing.
- Die Verfertigung verkürzt und vereinfacht den Arbeitsablauf auf der Baustelle. - The production shortens and simplifies the workflow on the construction site.
- Die Vorfertigung erlaubt die Herstellung einer hinreichend ebenen und glatten Oberfläche, welche direkt mit dem Fertigbelag (PVC, Teppich o.a.) beklebt werden kann, womit sidneinauf der Baustelle herzustellender bstrich erübrigt.- The prefabrication allows the production of a sufficient even and smooth surface, which can be glued directly to the finished flooring (PVC, carpet, etc.), with which No coating to be produced on the construction site is required.
~ ι ~ ι
Leerseite -Blank page -
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3420729A DE3420729A1 (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs serving simultaneously as floors and heating surfaces for buildings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3420729A DE3420729A1 (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs serving simultaneously as floors and heating surfaces for buildings |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3420729A1 true DE3420729A1 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
Family
ID=6237558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE3420729A Withdrawn DE3420729A1 (en) | 1984-06-04 | 1984-06-04 | Prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs serving simultaneously as floors and heating surfaces for buildings |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE3420729A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3739760A1 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-07-14 | Heidenau Netz & Seil Veb | Steel-free, prefabricated concrete heater |
DE3818543A1 (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-07 | Paul Dipl Ing Jordan | Panel-heating system for glass windows and for similar sheet-like building-shell elements |
DE4031483A1 (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-07-04 | Hatto Jansen | Two-panel wall cladding section - has heat insulating layer and heating pipe between panels |
DE9007061U1 (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1991-10-31 | Bossert, Gerdi, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen | Cooling device |
DE4414998A1 (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1994-10-20 | Joachim Dipl Ing Hoddow | Utilisation of the reinforced-concrete floors of houses as a heat-storage means for the economical operation of heating systems |
DE19819230A1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-25 | Ziegelmontagebau Johanni Gmbh | Heat installation for room |
GB2340928A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-03-01 | Warmafloor | Heating/cooling structures |
FR2859744A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-18 | Vincent Birarda | Panel for producing heating and/or cooling e.g. load bearing walls of building, has tube whose ends are accessible in recesses to permit their connection with heat energy transportation and distribution conduit of adjacent panels |
GB2449184A (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2008-11-12 | James Edward Douglass | Heated decking plank |
FR2930570A1 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-30 | Naullet Sa Soc | Prefabricated concrete element e.g. bench, has external surfaces adapted to be used as heating surfaces, and electrical heating resistances arranged near external surfaces, where resistances are partially surrounded by concrete |
FR2937063A1 (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-16 | Sodimagaz | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND USES THEREOF |
SE2051253A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-04-28 | Innovations In Stockholm Ab | Concrete slab |
US11753337B2 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2023-09-12 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Electrically conductive concrete composition and system design for resistive heating of pavements with low volume fractions of carbon microfiber |
-
1984
- 1984-06-04 DE DE3420729A patent/DE3420729A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3739760A1 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-07-14 | Heidenau Netz & Seil Veb | Steel-free, prefabricated concrete heater |
DE3739760C2 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1999-07-01 | Inst Tech Textilien Gmbh | Steel-less, prefabricated concrete radiator |
DE3818543A1 (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-07 | Paul Dipl Ing Jordan | Panel-heating system for glass windows and for similar sheet-like building-shell elements |
DE4031483A1 (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1991-07-04 | Hatto Jansen | Two-panel wall cladding section - has heat insulating layer and heating pipe between panels |
DE9007061U1 (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1991-10-31 | Bossert, Gerdi, 7730 Villingen-Schwenningen | Cooling device |
DE4414998A1 (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1994-10-20 | Joachim Dipl Ing Hoddow | Utilisation of the reinforced-concrete floors of houses as a heat-storage means for the economical operation of heating systems |
DE19819230C2 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2003-08-14 | Ziegelmontagebau Johanni Gmbh | Space heater and method for forming a space heater |
DE19819230A1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-25 | Ziegelmontagebau Johanni Gmbh | Heat installation for room |
GB2340928A (en) * | 1998-08-10 | 2000-03-01 | Warmafloor | Heating/cooling structures |
FR2859744A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-18 | Vincent Birarda | Panel for producing heating and/or cooling e.g. load bearing walls of building, has tube whose ends are accessible in recesses to permit their connection with heat energy transportation and distribution conduit of adjacent panels |
GB2449184A (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2008-11-12 | James Edward Douglass | Heated decking plank |
GB2449184B (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2009-05-06 | James Edward Douglass | Decking plank |
FR2930570A1 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-30 | Naullet Sa Soc | Prefabricated concrete element e.g. bench, has external surfaces adapted to be used as heating surfaces, and electrical heating resistances arranged near external surfaces, where resistances are partially surrounded by concrete |
FR2937063A1 (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-16 | Sodimagaz | CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND USES THEREOF |
EP2177684A2 (en) | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-21 | Sodimagaz S.A.S. | Construction element, method for manufacturing same and method for producing a heating and/or cooling ceiling |
EP2177684A3 (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-06-09 | Sodimagaz S.A.S. | Construction element, method for manufacturing same and method for producing a heating and/or cooling ceiling |
US11753337B2 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2023-09-12 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Electrically conductive concrete composition and system design for resistive heating of pavements with low volume fractions of carbon microfiber |
SE2051253A1 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-04-28 | Innovations In Stockholm Ab | Concrete slab |
SE545914C2 (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2024-03-12 | Innovations In Stockholm Ab | Moveable vehicle wash arrangement and method for installing such arrangement |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OAV | Applicant agreed to the publication of the unexamined application as to paragraph 31 lit. 2 z1 | ||
8130 | Withdrawal |