DE3417486A1 - Supporting structure for buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the application is constituted by a supporting structure for DIY buildings, which supporting structure comprises a lattice-type skeleton with props, supports, and joint elements. In order to produce a supporting structure which allows much scope for design individuality using components made of natural material, in particular of wood, and which does not require any specific prior knowledge or past experience for DIY construction, according to the proposed solution a joint element (2) possesses on a plurality of sides in each case at least one insertion opening. In this insertion opening, a tie rod (6) can be anchored which produces a connection to a second joint element (2). The tie rod (6) bears a support (5) which is provided on its underside with a groove (14), it also being possible for two tie rods situated at a distance above one another to be provided. For this purpose, the joint element is preferably of box-shaped design and is provided at its side walls (3) with insertion openings or through-openings. It can also be designed as a solid element, however, which is provided with threaded bores (36) for tie rods (6). <IMAGE>

Description

February 14, 1934 '~

my file: 6032/83

Structure for buildings

The invention relates to a structure for in particular self-erect building consisting of a half-timbered skeleton with supports, girders and Nodal bodies

In the case of bkarm th supporting structures in skeleton construction, the Beams that connect the nodes with each other are subjected to tensile and compressive forces. That can be taken into account for example through the use of reinforced concrete beams, of which the steel inserts absorb the tensile stresses, while the compressive forces are absorbed by the concrete will. However, this is associated with a relatively high manufacturing cost. For do-it-yourself construction By the way, such carriers are unsuitable by laypeople because they have a high level of specialist knowledge for their production presuppose.

On the one hand, the building and property costs, which have been rising for a long time, and on the other hand, the constant increase The increasing proportion of leisure activities in the population is increasing, so is the self-construction of buildings, especially single-family houses heavily favored. Especially under

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the point of view of a turning sura biological In addition, ecological building is increasingly becoming a trend among self-builders. start using natural materials, especially wood preferred. Although it makes a big one Need for building systems made from natural materials How wood is made, no system has yet been able to establish itself that allows for an individual design of supporting structures in skeleton construction, in particular of corner supporting structures and basement supporting structures Suitable for self-builders with extensive use of wooden components. Even if, for example, a larger number of different wall self-construction elements are available, some in self-supporting construction stand, on the other hand, ceiling, roof and floor structures are also due to complicated static problems so far not without considerable previous structural knowledge and experience of self-builders or do-it-yourselfers to build according to their individual ideas.

An individual design of a supporting structure by a self-builder is also opposed to this, that wood can be used as a material for absorbing tensile forces, such as those that occur in girders of ceiling structures,

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not very suitable.

The object of the present invention is to provide a supporting structure for a framework-like skeleton for self-construction to create that allows a high degree of structural individuality and that with the use of beetand files made of natural material, especially from. Wood without special prior knowledge and experience in Do-it-yourself is economical to build.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that a node body on several of its sides has at least one insertion opening in which a tie rod connecting two node bodies to one another is anchored, on which one is provided on its underside with a hat for receiving the pull rod Carrier rests. In this case, the wearer only comes the task of absorbing the pressure forces. He can do this with relatively small dimensions Made of wood. The pull rod extending over its full length serves on the one hand for recording and transmission of the tensile forces and also the support of the carrier. To do this, the pull rod is inserted into the adjacent two nodal bodies not only anchored, but also braced between them. By such a structure is a simple assembly of a

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larger supporting structure is possible, as it only requires an alternating joining of beams and node bodies via respectively assigned tie rods, which can be done relatively quickly and without costly aids.

The invention is not limited to the use of a pull rod on the underside of a carrier. Rather, there is the possibility of an additional tie rod on top of a carrier to be arranged, which is preferably also in a longitudinal groove of the carrier. For receiving of the ends of the tie rods, the node bodies therefore preferably each have two through openings on their sides on.

The node bodies made of steel can be designed in the manner of hollow bodies and with through openings be provided for the tie rods so that the tie rods are held in place by nuts in the node bodies which are screwed onto the end thread of the tie rods.

However, it has been shown to be even more expedient if the node bodies are designed as solid bodies and for the mounting or anchoring of the tie rods with

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threaded holes are provided. In such cases, the tie rods at both ends of each be provided with an opposing thread so that it is screwed into both node bodies when turning which are at both ends. Such a bracing is, for example, due to this possible that a pull rod is provided with a ring for receiving a mandrel so that it can be turned after using a mandrel.

According to a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that on a supporting tie rod lying below two plate-shaped basic elements designed as carriers rest together. In such cases lie the tie rods preferably in semi-groove-shaped depressions on the edges of the basic elements or carriers. Such an arrangement can be chosen if the building to be constructed has, for example, basement rooms should be provided, the ceilings of which must meet certain criteria with regard to fire protection. When using such cover plates as a carrier do not need as otherwise otherwise provided over the Carriers to be arranged further panels such as in other floors. Such plate-shaped Basic elements as a carrier can be made of lightweight molded concrete, for example, while otherwise

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wood is preferably chosen as the material for the carrier or is possible as a material, although it is can also be carriers that are composed of chipboard or wood panels.

If plate-shaped basic elements are used as the carrier, these are preferably used for lowering its weight and to save material is roughly U-shaped

Deviating from the embodiments described above

If necessary, a tension element can also consist of a metal rope, both ends of which have a two knot bodies get connected.

In general, however, it is expedient if the supports which carry the node bodies are supported on their foot as pendulum supports for static reasons, for which only simple precautions are required.

Common aids can be used to connect node bodies and supports. So is according to the invention provided by way of example that the supports are hole-like on their support head and foot surfaces or have schMtz-like depressions into which anchoring bodies connected to the knot body are

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to grab. Slot-like depressions have the advantage of being easier to manufacture and give the possibility of inserting an anchoring body as well as inserting it from the side to be able to. Instead of any indentations, there is also the option of attaching an anchor body s on the outside of a support head or nodal body · Preferably are general however, the anchoring body is roughly T- or L-shaped formed from sheet steel profile.

If node bodies made of solid material are used, these can also be provided with a through hole be provided for the inclusion of pegs on the head or on the foot of supports.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to a drawing. In the drawing show:

Figure 1: A structure in partial section in perspective Reproduction;

FIG. 2z a node body as a hollow body; Figure 3: the end section of a carrier

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Figure 4: a node body with an attached Beam and end section of a pendulum support;

FIG. 5: the lower end section of a support with anchoring;

FIG. 6: a side view of a carrier with connection to two node bodies;

FIG. 7: a plate-shaped basic element;

Figure 8: a cross section through two plate-shaped Basic elements of various designs men;

FIG. 9: a side view of a carrier with two node bodies which are designed as solid bodies are;

FIG. 10: the arrangement of FIG. 9 in plan view;

FIG. 11: a node body designed as a solid body; j

Figure 12: with a partial section of a pull rod Ring holder for a mandrel according to the arrangement of FIG. 9.

Figure 13t a beam made of wood with tension plates, which is screwed to the alnera knot <

FIG. 14: a shift according to the line A-A of the Figure 13 and

FIG. 15 shows the arrangement of FIG. 13 in perspective Presentation ·

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The structure 1, which is constructed in a skeleton construction, consists essentially of node bodies 2 and girders 5 " The node body 2 is used as a radiator Figure 2 · It has on each of its side surfaces 3 two aaf of the surface bisector 7 lying Plug-in openings 4. The plug-in openings 4 lying one above the other on a side face have a such a distance from one another as the grooves 14 on the top and bottom of a carrier 5 on its end face 15. These grooves 14 are in the top 12 and the bottom 13 over the full length of the carrier incorporated. In each of them there is a tie rod 6 which is to be anchored in the node body 2.

The node body 2 according to FIG. 2 is prismatic Shape with square cross-section, so its the same size Side walls 3 are parallel to each other.

During assembly, a rod located at the bottom of the carrier is first inserted through the corresponding insertion openings 4 of, two subsequent node bodies 2 inserted with their ends. Then it is screwed on a nut 17. A support 5 is then placed on top. Then another Rod 6, which lies in the upper groove 14 of a carrier 5, can be mounted. This is followed by a

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tension by tightening the nuts 17.

The carrier 5 is preferably made of wood. Its sole purpose is to absorb the pressure forces. To increase his In accordance with FIG. 3, it can consist of layers of wood 18 glued together. Instead, it can also be made from chipboard or, for example, from lightweight concrete.

At certain points of the structure there are supports 19 to support it, which support as pendulums are trained. These can also consist of solid wood or wood layers 18 according to FIG. 4. The Supports on which the nodal bodies 2 rest serve only to transmit compressive forces.

To connect the supports 19 to the supporting structure, T-shaped anchoring bodies 24 are used at their base point. For this purpose, the supports have insertion slots or openings 22 on their head 20 for receiving them of a leg of the anchoring body 24. Instead of insertion openings, however, you can also use the top and side » Borrowed open slots can be provided to enable insertion from the side.

The support 19 has fastening holes' at its ends; 32, which run transversely to the receptacles 22 to the I.

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Tighten the legs of the anchoring body 24 can, which are provided with threaded bores 33 for this purpose.

In a departure from the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5, however, anchoring or fastening elements can also be used are provided as brackets, the legs of which are not in the pendulum supports or node bodies extend into it, but are screwed to these parts on the outside.

For supporting the pendulum supports 19 on the floor support elements 35 are provided, the width of which corresponds to that of the pendulum support 19.

Figures 7 and 8 show plate-shaped © carriers in the manner of basic elements 26. Of these, plate-shaped Basic elements 26 as a carrier 6, two are each carried by a pull rod 6. That's what they are for Grundelentente 6 on their lower outer edge with a semi-groove-shaped recess 29 is provided.

According to Figure 8, when using plate-shaped basic elements, a different, but generally preferred U-shaped cross-sectional shape can be selected. the both jointly carried by a pull rod 6

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In this case, legs generally form a carrier width 27.

When assembling the as plate-shaped basic elements trained carriers are initially four node bodies connected to each other by rods 6 below. Then a plate-shaped base element is created placed on the four tie rods and then the adjoining basic elements 26. The basic elements 26 recesses 34 at their four corners for the fitting of the nodal bodies 2. This can result in bracing The tie rods take place by tightening the fastening nuts inside the box-shaped Node body 2. By means of such basic elements 26, which are preferably made of lightweight pressed concrete, floors or cellar ceilings can be erected that meet specific physical requirements must, without doing the basic concept of the invention Structure is left.

After the preliminary assembly of the basic elements 26 designed as a carrier 6, they can be inserted into the upper grooves of the basic elements 26 insert and brace upper tie rods 6, which are then cast.

According to the above description, a supporting structure can be built up in the form of a grid with the invention. Included

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are grids with any number of different dimensions executable. In practice, however, a grid with a slope has proven to be particularly useful Basic dimension of a multiple of 12.5 cm calculated from the center of the node body 2.

In a departure from the exemplary embodiments described above, FIGS. 9 to 12 show an arrangement using node bodies 2, which are called solid bodies are designed and are preferably made of steel

The node bodies 2 according to FIGS. 9 to 12 are provided with threaded bores 36 for receiving the end sections provided by tie rods 6. These threaded bores 36 are continuously crossed in pairs arranged at a distance from one another. On one side of a node body 2 can therefore be below and screw in a pull rod at the top. So that these tie rods are also on one of theirs at the same time other end located node body 2 are to be screwed, it is about tie rods at their ends rait are provided with an opposing thread. The threaded rods are suitable for screwing in Figures 9 and 10 and Figure 12 with a ring

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41 provided, the äwfnahtaen 42 su »inserting a mandrel ©«, ssit atm the tie rods S are set in rotation su, usi si® can be screwed into two knot bodies 2 at the same time ·

From it on a solid body bs »t®h © nd @ KnotenteSrper 2 according to FIG. 11 © in “aankrocht continuously trending hole 37 suca fastening of Pendulum supports or for their anchoring

The advantage of this embodiment resides in a substantial reduction of the dimensions with simultaneous elimination of certain weak stables of KnotenJcörpern and in a simple manufacturing prokduktionstechnisch · z Also, in case of the application of plate-shaped carrier. B. for Kalierdscken, the use of knot corparts aua solid bodies is possible.

If only a tie rod located below is used to hold a carrier, it is advantageous to use an anti-twist device that prevents the carrier from tilting sideways on the handlebar _{9 of} the - in the upper groove of the support, a threaded hole 36 of the node body is screw-in

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In the Figures 13 to IS ^ t ^ odorgegebona Ausführungsfora differs insofar on umr vorbaechari © - au enclosed illustration, as they seigt ®ia Tritg @ n @ r au © odor wood chipboard, constitutes SWEi with mutually parallel tie plates 50 and 51 provided which are designed as so-called Uagelpiatton

For the anchoring of this carrier 5 SWEi clamping screws 52 and 52 * provided doren screw heads * are 56 and 56 in extending across ami carrier 5 recesses 53 and 53 *, and their shafts through bores 54 and 54 * pass in di @ recordings of the nodal body 2 extend Mifctals these tensioning screws the tensile force w®n baidan 50 and 51 in the nodal body 2 by the washers 55 and 55 *, tmlcha kept in their diameter so large that they di <a two magel plates SO and cover 51

Instead of using HoIs al ti & a tori al £ ure for the In this case, too, porters come ass-dsra tlatairalion like -for example lightweight concrete in öatracht

Since the tensioning screws 52 and 52 * are supported on the tension plates 50 and 51, there is a continuous one

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The distribution of forces in the tension area is guaranteed from the node body 2 via the tensioning screws S2 and 52 * to the Zuplatten or Nagalplattan SO and Sl biahin sum the other end of the carrier 5 with the corresponding there Power line via the tensioning screws 52 »52 * des Knotons located there.

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Claims (22)

Claims 1. Supporting structure for buildings to be erected in particular in self-construction, consisting of a truss-like There is a skeleton with supports, girders and nodal bodies, characterized in that a Node '*: or ρ er (2) on several of its sides has at least one insertion opening in which a two node bodies (2) with one another connecting tie rod (6) is anchored, on which one on its underside with a groove (14) for receiving the tie rod (6) provided carrier (5) rests. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that between two node bodies (2) two at a distance superposed tie rods (6) are arranged in grooves (14) in the upper and Underside of a carrier (5) lie. 3. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the node body (2) is box-shaped is and is provided on its side walls (3) with through openings for tie rods (6). COPY -L 4. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the node body (2) is designed as a solid body is, which is provided with threaded bores (36) for tie rods (6). 5 · Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the tie rods (6) at their ends with counter-rotating • 3ev? Inderi are provided, 6. "framework according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Tie rods (6) are provided with a receptacle (37) for a clamping mandrel. 7. Structure according to one or more of the previous ones Claims, characterized in that the node body (2) is prismatic and in cross-section is square. 8. Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the node body (2) on each side with two at a distance Provided through openings or threaded holes lying one above the other for the reception of tie rods is. - 3 - 3 4 TfA 8 6 9. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Node body (2) designed as a solid body is provided with a vertically continuous bore (37) is. 10. Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a carrier by a tilt protection (40) with a Nodal body (2) is connected. 11. Purpose according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that two formed as carriers on a tie rod (6) plate-shaped goby one te (26) lie on top of one another. 12. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Tie rods (6) in semi-groove-shaped recesses (29) on the edges (28) of the basic elements (26) or carrier (5). 13. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier (5) consist of wood or chipboard. 3? Ϊ7486 14. Structure according to one or more of the previous steps Claims, characterized in that the plate-shaped basic elements (26) are made of lightweight concrete or chipboard. 15. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plate-shaped Grundelerr.ent (26) in cross section et \ - 'ä. ύ'-shaped ig. 16. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Tension element (6) consists of a metal rope, the two ends (15) of which connect with two knot bodies (2) sindo 17. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Beam (5) consists of lightweight concrete. 18. Structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Supports (19) are designed as pendulum supports in the base points. 19 · Structure according to one or more of the previous ones Claims, characterized in that the nozzles (19) on their support head and foot surfaces (20, 21) Hole-like or Schlitas-like depressions have in the with dam node body (2) and with the corresponding base point supports (23) connected Engage anchoring body (24). 20. Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that an anchoring body (24) on the outside of a Support head or node body (2) is attached. 21 · Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that an anchoring body (24) is T-shaped or 1 »-shaped Sheet metal profile consists. 22. Structure according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a support "with a pin in a bore (37) a node body β (2) is supported. -G- 23 · Structural for in particular in S @ lbstbau au planting © G "from $ ud® consisting of & in®m '=' £ © chwerkartigen skeleton with Stütsan, Trig @ rn and Krsotonkörpern, characterized _s that a Knut body (2) on several of its sides each has at least one kinetic opening in which a tension plate (50, 51) connecting two knot bodies (2) is varankcart, which is firmly connected to the carrier (5). 24 · structure; according to claim 23 «characterized in that that the tension plate (30, 51) © is in the nail 25 · Supporting structure according to claim 24, characterized in that that the carrier (5) consists of 3 HoIa 26 · Supporting structure according to claim 23, characterized in that that in the carrier (S) two or more tension plates (50, 51) are arranged in parallel and the Tensioning screws (52, 52 ") screwed into the node body (2) lie there 27 · Support structure according to claim 26, characterized in that the carrier (5) has transverse recesses (53, 53 ') and longitudinal bores (54, 54') is provided for holding tensioning screws (52, 52 ')