DE3409147C2 - Use of avoparcin to increase milk production in lactating cows - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the subject matter of the claims.

More specifically, the invention relates to the use of Avoparcin to increase milk production in lactating Cows, the animals during the lactation period 0.04 to 0.33 mg, and preferably 0.08 to 0.25 mg of avoparcin or a Salt or complex thereof per kg of animal weight per day orally to be administered. The antibiotic avoparcin will sometimes called and is called antibiotic AV290  generally by a fermentation process poses.

Avoparcin (AV290) essentially consists of two water-soluble glycopeptides, which in the following as "α- and β-components of avoparcin" denotes who the. These components are in the following audiences lines: W. J. McGahren et al., "Structure of Avoparcin Components ", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 102, 1671 (1980) and "Avoparcin", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 101, 2237 (1979).

The structure of avoparcin (AV290) is shown in Fig. I below. The α component has the configuration shown in Fig. I, where R 'and R are each hydrogen. The configuration of the β component is similar. In this case, R 'is hydrogen and R is chlorine.

α-Avoparcin R ′ = R = hydrogen
β-avoparcin R ′ = hydrogen, R = chlorine

According to the present invention, avoparcin is the dairy cows administered orally, in or together with their feed, e.g. B. as animal feed Premix or concentrate. It can also be in the form of a lock feed preparation are offered or the animals there by being administered to a drug Depot preparation, e.g. B. a drug ball with ver delayed drug delivery, which is designed that the animal with the ge desired amount of the antibiotic is supplied in love.

The antibiotic, in its essentially pure, crystalline form can be used. It can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable salt are used, e.g. B. as the hydrochloride salt of the antibiotic. It can also an antibiotic complex can be used like that alkylated sulfate, syn-tan or tru-tan complex of Avoparcins. In the course of the present invention also found that the antibiotic Avoparcin in the sense of an increase in milk production is effective in dairy cows if that Antibiotic in any of the forms mentioned above administered orally, but by the dry solids of the entire harvested fermentation mash in which it was formed is accompanied.

Administration of approximately 0.04 mg to 0.33 mg of Avo parcin / kg carcass weight / day leads to amounts of about 24 to 200 mg / head / day in lactating cows.  

If the antibiotic is in the form of a salt or a Complex is administered, so the amount of used salt or complex of course so represents that the above-mentioned dose level of the Avoparcins is guaranteed.

Avoparcin does provide an important one that is commercially available antibiotic, which is used in meat producing animals was added to their growth to accelerate. However, the inventors found it asked that when administering this antibiotic to dairy cows with dose levels as for the Promoting growth in beef cattle are recommended milk production and / or milk quality can be measured is reduced.

The concept that all glycopeptides including Acto planin, avoparcin A-35512, vancomycin, ristocein A-477, K-288 and AM-374 are essentially equivalent as Means to increase milk production from milk giving ruminants, as indicated by the applicant in British Patent Application 2 096 895A light on October 27, 1982, EP 63 491) is therefore wrong and / or misleading, at least down visibly the inclusion of avoparcin in the above mentioned glycopeptides.

In the patent application mentioned it is assumed that the increase of the propionate level during breaks is the cause of the increased milk production.

As will be shown below, avoparcin increases when administered to dairy cows at dose levels from about 50 mg to 150 mg / head / day milk production and / or milk quality without increasing the level of prepionate, whereas the administration Avoparcin in dairy cows in quantities of 300 mg / body weight / day to 600 mg / body weight / day to a reduction in milk production and / or Quality of the milk of the treated animals leads.

In the following the invention is illustrated by examples explained in more detail.

Example 1 Evaluation of avoparcin with regard to increasing Milk production and / or the quality of milk from lactating cows

The experimental setup used in this assessment took three periods. Period I was a pre-experiment telle 28 day period during which all lactating cows the herd has been registered and a selection is suitable ter experimental animals was made. Period II around lasted 28 days on which the avoparcin treatments were administered and period III included one after following 28 days post-avorparcin treatment. The ge The entire experiment spanned a period of time of three months.

A total of 60 dairy herds were grown including 28 Frisian cows selected. Every cow had min calved at least 6 and not longer than 22 weeks beforehand and currently delivered a daily milk yield in the Range from 17 to 32 l. Four were balanced Treatment groups put together with care, and that each group included animals, which with regard to Milk yield and lactation status were comparable. Each group was so balanced then randomly one out of four assigned to experimental treatments. Group A received no avoparcin and served as untreated Control group. Groups B, C and D received 50, 150 or 300 mg avoparcin / head / day, and still blue fend over a period of 28 days. Each of the ver search cows received their allotment of avoparcin in one  Meal during the afternoon milking. Careful weighed amounts of avoparcin (i.e. 1 g, 3 g and 6 g Avotan®50, avoparcin, the 5% active ingredient premix, for treatments B, C and D) in 250 g Servings of an edible corn-based concentrate in love.

At the start of the study, the cows were fed on Grass. During the first week of period II they switched completely to background food, be standing out of 35 kg of fresh silage, a lot of which it is assumed that it is only for conservation. A balanced dairy concentrate (180 g CP / kg) was fed throughout the experiment, and according to the total milk produced with egg ner rate of 0.4 kg / l.

The milk quantities were recorded and milk samples taken four times during the pre-experiment period I and daily for the first three Avoparcin feeding days. Then the Amounts of milk and samples on alternating days until the end of the entire experiment period. Measuring the amount of milk and taking it from sample was periodically during the 28 days immediately after the end of avoparcin feeding (Period III) continued.

When milk samples were taken, they were taken on the Mor (5:30 a.m.) and evening milking (3:30 p.m.) caught and the samples one day each combi kidney. The analysis of the composition regarding Butterfat, protein and lactose were made according to standard automated techniques.  

In the course of the experiment, five cows had anti biotic therapy required due to mastitis. Two Cows were seriously ill and were out of the test away. Accordingly, the end results are each for seven cows from groups A and D and for six cows from Groups B and C indicated.

Tables I and II are the mean daily ones Amounts of milk and fat content for the four treatments groups listed as they appear during the experiment were drawn. Table III summarizes of these values, the mean values depending the group regarding milk yield and butterfat Salary levels are shown directly in the cows before treatment, during the 28 days of avoparcin Feeding and similarly during the 28 days, following the end of the avoparcin treatment, be were true. During the pre-treatment phase (Pre-treatment phase) the groups stand on one Step. However, after the avoparcin treatment one notices clear differences. One notices that the not were control animals, namely group A, and the Group receiving avoparcin 300 mg / head / day Group D had a much larger Ab drop in milk production as well as a certain decrease case in the butterfat content show, in comparison with groups B and C. In particular the waste of Milk yield continues in these groups (A and D) continued during the 28 days following the end of treatment consequences. During the avorparcin feeding period (II) In the two groups B and C the decrease of the Milk yields at a lower daily rate than in the untreated control group A. If one the Decrease in total yield examined [by looking at the  Average milk yields both during the period Avoparcin feeding (II) as well as during the 28 days determined after the end of this period (III) and the averages with the average milk compares yields received in period (I) was], it can be seen that the decrease in Ge total milk yield in groups B, d. H. at 50 mg / head / Day, and C, d. H. at 150 mg / head / day, only about ¼ to ½ of the decrease is that of the untreated control group A or in the group with avoparcin 300 mg / head / day treated group D is observed. In fact, the biggest drop in both milk yield as well as butterfat in that group observed which had received 300 mg / head / day.

Table III shows the mean values of milk yield and Butterfat compiled for the respective groups, for the period of the last two weeks during avoparcin treatment and during the last two weeks of the period that ends the end of avoparcin Treatment follows.

The values in Tables I and III are below also represented graphically.  

Table I

Milk production during period (I) 28 days pretreatment

The average milk yield (1 / day) of the untreated cows is given, which are assigned to the following groups: group (A) untreated control animals, group (B) 50 mg / head / day avoparcin, group (C) 150 mg / head / Avoparcin day or group (D) 300 mg / head / day avoparcin.

Table I (continued) Period II milk production during 28 days of treatment The mean milk yield (1 / day) is given for the untreated cows (group A) and cows that were given either 50 mg / head / day avoparcin (group B) or 150 mg / head / day avoparcin (Group C) or 300 mg / head / day avoparcin was given (group D), each over a treatment period of 28 days

Table I (continued) Period III milk production during 28 days after treatment The mean milk yield (1 / day) is given, namely for untreated cows (group A) and cows which were treated with 50 mg / head / day avoparcin (group B) during period II of this experiment, with 150 mg / Avoparcin head / day were treated (group C) or treated with avoparcin at 300 mg / head / day (group D)

Groups B and C were formed during the period III reduced to six cows.  

Table II (continued) Period I Percentage of butterfat in milk samples from cows during the 28 day pretreatment The average percentage of butterfat in milk samples from the untreated cows, which are assigned to the following groups, is given: Group (A) untreated control animals; Group (B) 50 mg / head / day avoparcin; Group (C) 150 mg / head / day avoparcin; and group (D) 300 mg / head / day avoparcin

Table II (continued) Period II Percentage of butterfat in milk samples from cows during 28 days of treatment It is the mean percentage of butterfat in milk samples from cows of either the untreated group (A) or the group treated with 50 mg / head / day avoparcin (B), the group treated with 150 mg / head / day (C) and the group treated with avoparcin at 300 mg / head / day

) during the 28 day treatment.

Table II (continued) Period III Percentage of butterfat in milk samples from cows during the 28-day post-treatment It is the mean percentage of butterfat in milk samples from untreated cows (group A) and that during period II of this assessment with 50 mg / head / day with avoparcin (group B), with 150 mg / head / day with avoparcin (group C ) and 300 mg / head / day with avoparcin (group D)

Cows indicated.

Table III Average milk yield and percentage butterfat of milk samples during periods I, II and III taken from untreated cows (group A) and with 50 mg / head / day avoparcin (group B), 150 mg / head / day avoparcin (group C) and 300 mg / head / day avoparcin b (group D) treated cows.

Example 2 Evaluation of the effects of 600 mg / head / day on avoparcin milk production in lactating Frisian milk cows

10 Frisian dairy cows were from a herd of over 60 selected, such that each cow before 18 to Had calved for 23 weeks and currently a daily one Milk yield in the range of 13 to 18 l delivered. The Basic food consisted of 35 kg of fresh silage. This Quantity only serves as a maintenance feed. On out weighed dairy concentrate feed was administered, for all milk produced at a rate of 0.4 kg / l milk.

Each of the experimental cows received 600 mg of avoparcin in one Meal / day, each of three on top of each other following days (1, 2 and 3). Weighed quantities of 600 mg avoparcin (i.e. 12 g Avotan® Avoparcin 50, the 5% active ingredient premix) were in 500 g portions of one edible corn-based concentrate. The Concentrate containing avoparcin replaced 0.5 kg of the normal concentrate in the respective feeding.

During the avoparcin feeding period (on days 1, 2 and 3) and on days 4, 5, 7 and 10 (i.e. 1, 2, 4 and 7 days after being fed avoparcin milk yields were recorded and Milk samples taken. The average milk yields of the 52 other cows from the herd were also raised during the Test period determined as a control.

The milk samples were checked for butter fat, protein, Lactose and total solids content according to standard methods analyzed.  

Only one cow spurned something when feeding of the offered concentrate containing avoparcin. At all other feedings were made of the material which contained 0.5 kg concentrate, well received. At no time was any of the cows of the Tried any abnormal effect.

The average milk yield of the ten cows that the Avo parcin fell from 15.1 kg / day a day -1 (i.e. 2 days before the start of avoparcin feeding) signifi fold to 12.7 kg / day on day 10 of the experiment. This Result can be with the average milk yield of 52 Kon troll cows are compared, which is pretty constant remained at 16.5 kg / day (see Table IV).  

An examination of the values given in Table V for the composition shows that with protein and lactose Did not keep the milk during the trial period Changes occur. However, the butterfat content occurs a significant decrease in how the who for days 5, 7 and 10. The observed Ab decrease in total solids (12.13% on day -1 falling to 11.7% on day 10) is therefore a result of reduced milk fat formation and is not due to egg a change in protein or lactose formation.

From the above values it is clear that the oral ver Delivery of 600 mg / head / day of avoparcin to lactating Cows have a noticeable effect on milk yield (15% reduction) as well as on the butterfat Content (about 10% reduction), which in turn is a Effect on the total solids content of the milk Has.

Claims (3)

1. Use of avoparcin in an amount of 0.04 to 0.33 mg Avoparcin / kg carcass weight / day as oral administration for Increase in milk production in lactating cows. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the Avoparcin to the cows in an amount of about 0.08 to 0.25 mg avoparcin / kg carcase weight / day administered orally becomes. 3. Use according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized ge indicates that the cows are given 50% avoparcin up to 150 mg avoparcin / head / day administered orally.