DE3408657A1 - Automatic polarity device for automatic charging devices for rechargeable batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic polarity device as an additional circuit for automatic charging circuits, which is designed such that the correct-polarity connection to the battery to be charged is always produced at the output of the automatic charging device irrespective of how the battery to be charged is connected to the input of the automatic polarity device, that is to say in the case of a charging device which is equipped with an automatic polarity device, it is no longer necessary to take any notice of the polarity of the battery to be charged (circuit according to Fig. 1; Claim 2); in conjunction with an automatic power supply device, it is achieved that the mains are automatically disconnected when the battery to be charged is disconnected. <IMAGE>

Description

DR. JDRG MÜHLINGHAUS * PATENT ADVOCATE

7SOO KARLSRUHE 1 LAMMSTRASSE 11/111 TELEPHONE (0721) 25Θ11

8.3.1984

VNR 106224

M 26/84

Wolfgang Sorgatz Hans-Pfitzner-Str. 7 7500 Karlsruhe 41 ANR 1029452

Automatic polarity for automatic charging devices

for rechargeable batteries

POST CHECK ACCOUNT: KARLSRUHE (BLZ 6UOIOO75) 64529-754

Automatic polarity for automatic charging devices for rechargeable batteries

1. The invention relates to automatic polarity circuits, especially as an add-on for automatic battery charging circuits.

2. With the known battery chargers, the rechargeable batteries must be connected with the correct polarity otherwise the accumulator will be destroyed, as well as the charger itself, if none Reverse polarity protection is provided. Despite the polarity markings applied by the manufacturers it always happens that the charging devices are handled incorrectly, for example when starter batteries are to be recharged by motor vehicles it is due to unfavorable lighting conditions, be it that the polarity markings themselves are no longer clear are visible, be it that laypeople are at work.

As rechargeable batteries in all areas of the Technology and everyday life are used, the loss rate is due to improper use in state (e.g. military), communal (police, fire brigade, transport company, etc.) and private sector (Motor vehicle workshops, motor vehicle companies and like) considerable.

3. The starting point for further development are automatic battery chargers with automatic charging and reverse polarity protection, as they are known from DE-OS 31 06 171; the automatic loader ensures that batteries do not are overloaded, the reverse polarity protection, that no charging

current flows if the polarity is incorrect.

4. The object of the present invention is, in particular to equip the previously known automatic loading circuits simply and inexpensively with an automatic polarization system so that regardless of how the battery to be charged is connected to the charger, the battery always automatically receives the polarity correct connection. Furthermore, depending on the type of battery to be charged, the automatic polarization use little energy.

5. This object is according to the proposals according to the aforementioned claims 1-6, which hereby

are repeated and are also the subject of the description, solved.

The refinements are based on the overarching basic idea that regardless of what type of battery and like the battery to be charged at the input of the automatic polarizer KA-; KB + is connected through a relay circuit it is achieved that the polarity at the output 13 +; 4 - remains unchanged.

6. In the following, the invention is preferred

Embodiments explained in more detail. Show it

Fig. 1 an automatic polarization P, preferably for lead batteries (approx. 6-48 V), in connection with an automatic loader L as well as a power supply unit, with which a bistable relay (ReI.) of the rest of the chip

voltage of the battery to be charged is supplied with voltage;

Fig. 2 an automatic polarization P, preferably for residual voltages less than 1 V, in conjunction with a Automatic loader L and power supply unit with a monostable relay (ReI.) From the mains with voltage and from the voltage of the battery

is controlled and

3 shows an automatic polarization system P for large lead batteries with larger battery capacities (approx. 40-1000 Ah), coupled with an automatic network

N in connection with an automatic loading system L, which is known from DE-OS 31 06 171.

The circuit according to Fig. 1 (claim 2) is recommended for lead batteries, the residual voltage in the discharged state sufficient to excite the relay coil with a brief current surge via the pulse capacitor C.

This circuit can be further simplified (claim 3) that instead of the discharge resistor R ₁ -, and the pulse capacitor C a diode D is used and the bistable relay is replaced by the cheaper monostable relay. However, this circuit reduced to diode and relay, in which the diode is subjected to the full relay coil current in the forward direction, has the disadvantage that the relay coil to be charged in the event of a mains power failure. Battery draws power.

The circuit according to FIG. 2 (claim 4) is also ready for operation when the discharged battery only has a voltage has less than 1 V, since the relay coil is supplied by the power supply and only a very small current from the battery through the series resistor R

to the base of the switching transistor T flows.

Instead of the relays with mechanical changeover contacts, 2-pole semiconductor changeover switches can also be used (claim 5), especially with semiconductor circuits and small charging currents (negligible heat loss). However, such a design has the disadvantage that at high current loads as a result of the strong heating Heat sinks are required, which can take up more space than a relay.

7. How the circuits work:

Circuit according to Fig. 1:

a) If the positive pole of the battery to be charged is connected to KA, the

If the negative pole is clamped to KB, the result is due to the battery voltage still present at the relay connection 1 via the Pulse capacitor C a positive current pulse so that the relay armature is attracted and through the remanence magnetic core is being held; A very small current now flows continuously through the capacitor C - discharge resistor R ". When the relay armature is actuated, the changeover contacts move from the rest position 11 and 6 to the positions at the same time 4-8 and 13-9. The positive voltage of the battery is connected to 13: KA-9-13. The negative voltage is applied to 4 the battery: KB-8-4. This gives the automatic charger the correct polarity.

If the battery voltage at 13-4 is less than the set cut-off voltage of the automatic charger, it switches this suddenly occurs, so that the charging current can now flow from the power pack through the automatic charger to the battery.

After reaching the final battery voltage, the charging current is switched off suddenly by the automatic charger.

If the battery is disconnected at the terminals KA and KB,

so the contacts 13-9 and 4-8 of the bistable remain

Relay closed until a counter voltage is applied to KA and KB.

b) If the negative pole of the battery to be charged is clamped to KA and the positive pole to KB, the result is Relay at terminal 1 a negative current pulse; the armature of the relay drops out, so that the changeover contacts move to positions 13-11 and 4-6. The positive voltage of the battery is now again at 13: KB-11-13, at 4 the negative voltage: KA-6-4.

Circuit according to Fig. 2:

This is an automatic polarization with switching amplifier, which responds to small residual voltages, so that it is also suitable for NiCd batteries.

a) The changeover contacts of the monostable relay are in the initial positions (+) 1 3-11 and (-) 4-6 and the positive pole of the battery is connected to KA. and the negative pole is clamped to KB, the negative battery voltage is applied to 13 and the positive battery voltage to 4. The automatic charger does not switch on any charging current in this state; first a current flows from the positive pole of the battery to the negative pole: KA-R ₇ -T-D2-KB. Here, the reverse polarity protection diode D1 avoids a short-circuit current, the current from the positive pole of the battery

KA is blocked via 6-4-D1-D2 to the negative terminal of battery KB. After the transistor T is turned on, the base current of which is _{limited by the resistor R v} , a current flows from the positive pole of the power supply via 1-16 (of the relay) - T-Dt to the negative pole of the power supply.

The relay armature is now tightened so that the changeover contacts from layers 13-11 and 4-6 in layers 13-9 and 4-8 pass with the result that at 13 now the positive and the negative battery voltage is applied to 4.

The automatic loading system now functions as described above for the circuit according to FIG. 1.

If the battery is disconnected at the terminals KA, KB, the relay falls back into its rest position; those with it The resulting induction voltage on the relay coil is prevented by the diode D3.

b) If in the circuit shown the negative pole of the battery to be charged is connected to KA and the positive pole to KB connected, the diode D2 blocks the current from KB-D2-D1-4-6-KA, i.e. D2 avoids a short circuit. At the Base of the switching transistor T is no voltage: KA-R -T-D1-4-6-KA = OV, so that the relay in its Rest position remains. The positive battery voltage KB-11-13 is applied to 13 and the negative battery voltage to 4 KA-6-4 on. The automatic loading functions as previously described for the circuit according to FIG. 1.

Circuit according to Fig. 3 .:
30th

Here the automatic polarization is reduced to a monostable relay (ReI.1) and the diode D4, which is the latter ensures that the relay 1 only in one direction

/O-

is switched through. An automatic mains switching device N is coupled to this via a relay 2.

The automatic polarization P functions essentially in accordance with the circuit of FIG. 2; relay 1 only picks up if the negative pole is applied to terminal 2 and the positive pole of the battery to be charged is applied to terminal 3, while Relay 2 always picks up, regardless of whether the negative or positive pole is applied to terminal 2. The varistor SIOV limits the voltage peaks that arise from the self-induction of the relay coils.

The advantage of coupling automatic polarity with an automatic network for the automatic loading circuit L, like them from DE-OS 31 06 171 is known in particular that the network is automatically switched off when the battery is disconnected or switched on when the battery is connected so that the mains, which supplies the automatic loading circuit, can remain switched on at all times.

8. As shown in detail, is used for the mass

of the possible use cases Needs adapted automatic polarization provided as an additional circuit for automatic loading circuits, which can be connected to all charging devices which do not supply any charging current if the battery polarity reverses is connected. The circuit itself is reduced to a minimum of components, taking into account that the energy consumption of the relay is kept as low as possible. The proposed additional circuits are simple in construction, inexpensive and work reliably, so that for the first time the handling

is quick and easy even for laypeople. The ease of use can be increased by the fact that the automatic polarity is coupled with an automatic network, such that when the battery to be charged is disconnected, the network switches off automatically or switches on when connected; in that the network is only switched on when required moreover, energy can be saved.

The invention also includes circuits for other current and voltage ranges when the components are adapted.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

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Claims (6)

Claims 1. Automatic polarization, especially as an additional circuit for Battery automatic charging circuits with reverse polarity protection, characterized in that the polarity at the output (13+; 4-) of the automatic polarity to the charger is fixed and the device is ready to charge, regardless of the type of battery to be charged is connected to the input (KA ^; KB +). 2. Automatic polarization according to claim 1, in particular for lead batteries, consisting of a bistable relay (ReI.), which depends on the residual voltage of the battery to be charged is supplied with voltage and has two changeover contacts (4; 6,8) and (13; 11,9), one to the relay (ReI.) in Series connected discharge resistor (R_) and a pulse capacitor (C), which is parallel to the discharge resistor (R "), with one pole of the input (KA) via the ü Discharge resistor (R ₇ -J and the pulse capacitor (C) with the lit Relay connection (1) and the changeover contacts (6 and 9) is connected and the other pole of the input (KB) with the relay connection (16) and the '' Changeover contacts (8 and 11). (Circuit according to Fig. 1). 3. Automatic polarization according to claim 2, characterized in that instead of the discharge resistor (R ₁₇ ) and the pulse lit capacitor (C) a diode (D) is inserted, its negative pole on the relay connection (1) and its positive pole on the input (KA) issue. 4. Automatic polarization according to claim 1, in particular also for very small battery currents and small battery voltages consisting of a monostable relay (ReI.), which is supplied with voltage from the mains and is controlled by the voltage ier battery and which ^ v / ei alternating con- clocks (4; 6,8) and (13; 11,9), a switching transistor (T) connected in series with the relay (ReI.) as a switching amplifier, the collector of which is connected to the relay connections (16) and via a protective diode (D 3) is applied to (1) and thus to the + pole of the network, the base of which is connected to one pole of the input (KA) and the changeover contacts (6 and 9) _{via the series resistor (R v) and its emitter via the reverse polarity protection diode (} D 2) is on the other pole of the input (KB) as well as on the reverse polarity protection diode (D 1) on the negative pole of the power supply (circuit according to Fig. 2). 5. Automatic polarization according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that instead of the two mechanical changeover contacts (13; 11.9) and (4; 6.8) of the relay (ReI.) Semiconductor be used. 6. Automatic polarization according to claim 1, especially for larger ones Battery capacities, consisting of a monostable relay (ReI. 1) with reverse polarity protection diode (D 4) and an automatic network (N), which is functionally coupled to the relay (ReI. 1) of the automatic polarization via a monostable relay (ReI. 2) is such that both relays are switched by the battery to be charged and the network is automatically switched off when the battery is disconnected. (Circuit according to Fig. 3).