DE340184C - Gas melting process for blast furnaces and cupolas - Google Patents

Description

Gas melting process for blast furnaces and cupolas. The usage of Gas for smelting purposes. Cupola has already been practiced once, even if unsuccessful, it is well known.

The use of heat accumulators to heat the air is also at Blast furnaces, common for air and gas heating in martin ovens, are well known and thus nothing new.

The experiment mentioned above; to melt the iron with gas in the cupola furnace, however, did not give satisfactory results and gas melting in cupola furnaces was abandoned, but still using high-quality fuel in the gas generator Prospects in the melting process due to the high quality and purity of the process used anthracite were the cheapest imaginable.

The present invention has now, entirely eliminated, the the causes that have led to failure so far, the faultless, purposeful one Carrying out gas melting on the subject, and not only in cupola furnaces, but especially with blast furnaces and in direct contrast to earlier, not only with high quality, but also with inferior fuel.

An imitation of the usual Martin furnace procedure for blast furnaces is impossible, because with the Martin oven, due to the low draft resistance, gas and Air can be sucked in through the chimney, which is because of a blast furnace the resistance resulting from the ore filling is completely excluded. Apart from the impossibility of carrying it out, a severe gas explosion would result be. Gas generators operated in the usual way cannot be used for this, if not special facilities are created for this.

The present invention now achieves the proper and explosion-proof application of the gas melting process in blast furnaces and cupolas by converting the usual gas generators into high-pressure gas generators which produce the pressures required for blast furnace melting - of at least 0.5 atm. and more - being able to resist.

This is done by the fact that the old gas generators are self-contained be built accordingly stronger and provided with circulating air at the entry openings. -The modern rotary grate gas generators are reinforced to make the slag trough pressure-tight encapsulated, with special slag discharge and also at the entry openings provided with circulating air.

It receives the entry openings, which from the usual, if there may also be correspondingly changed lock-like double locks, a circulation line, with which the space intended for receiving the load either from the gas generator or directly from the air line with accordingly high-tension air is filled so that the inner seal is then relieved and the load can be introduced.

This new thought, so simple and obvious now when it was announced will appear, is, together with the use of highly heated gas generator gas, the purposeful unification of well-known principles from different countries Melting systems, In addition to the correct arrangement and type of gas and air supply, actually the key to the gas melting process in blast furnaces and cupolas, which has not yet penetrated.

Even the air used for the gas generator, but above all the gas produced, as well as that necessary for the combustion of the same in the melting furnace Air, are stored in the usual heat accumulators directly upstream of the melting furnace, which are alternately heated by furnace gas in the same way as usual, heated and that. Oven pressed shut. Unlike other systems, the gas is right from the gas generator under the pressure required for the melting furnace.

In the furnaces (blast furnace and cupola furnace) the highly heated gas and the highly heated air through combined hot gas air nozzles distributed around the circumference of the melting zone fed.

The nozzles are interchangeable. Each furnace receives t up to 2 more nozzles than necessary. Each nozzle hole of the furnace has a simple locking device, so that operation can be maintained for any length of time without any disruption and damaged nozzles can be replaced without difficulty.

With the new process, the blast furnaces receive water-cooled or Nozzles made fusible in any other way, preferably round nozzles. While with the same If the hot gas is fed into the ring jacket of the nozzle, the heated air flows in the Center closed, is pushed apart by a cone at the end of the nozzle tube, mixes consequently becomes intimately with the heated gas in the burner opening and acts on this, which is supplied under pressure anyway, is still sucking. A setback into the gas pipe is completely excluded. However, it can also be used if necessary conversely, the gas, with a correspondingly modified design, inside, the air in the outer ring pressed into the nozzle. Also can, if not so well, separate adjacent ones Gas nozzles and air nozzles can be installed. However, you always have to rely on an intimate mixture of Gas. and air at the nozzle outlet are worked towards.

Cupolas can also be simpler, only lined with refractory mass Nozzles obtained with a rectangular cross-section, with a nozzle end which has an intimate Mixture guarantees, and with which, the hot air also has a sucking effect.

The shut-off devices above the nozzles on the blast furnace are blocked together so that the throttle valve must be closed first must be done before the air valve can be closed. Operation will So a completely "safe" one. The same applies to the shut-off devices of the cupola furnace the case.

Immediately behind the gas generator, besides the usual cleaner ideally also one of the well-known desulphurisation templates for the generated one Gas attached, so that the iron no longer as with the old process with sulfur is contaminated and thereby at the same time also on lime aggregates and thus again - with great purity of the iron and a minimum of slag @ "of fuel can be saved.

The whole arrangement for the new gas melting process is for high- and cupolas following blowers, high pressure gas generators, cleaners built for high pressure and desulphurizer, heat storage for gas and for air, blast furnace or cupola furnace.

In addition, there are of course the well-known furnace gas sampling devices for heat storage heating and for the recycling of the furnace gases.

The existing fans of the blast furnaces - in the case of the cupolas, the blowers - are used directly and press air and gas into the gas generators and Heat storage.

When commissioning, the gas generators receive direct, cold, fully tensioned ones Air from the blower, while the same at the onset of normal or steady operation continuously fed with heated, compressed air from the heat accumulators.

'It is then necessary to increase the pressure in the HeW air reservoir a little to keep. On the other hand, to 'throttle the consumption air to the Schrüelzofen a little bit, because the hot air supplied to the gas generator, except for overcoming the additional resistances in the gas generator, cleaner and desulfurizer, in the hot gas storage tank for the melt gas to generate the same pressure as the one flowing out of the hot air reservoir Owns air.

The gas generators should be as close as possible to the heat accumulators stand. The heat storage for air and gas must be arranged close to the blast furnace so that the Wäxme losses are as low as possible, and also the supply line the furnace gases, fails briefly. With these heat accumulators, the furnace gases, the melt gas and the compressed air is charged in the usual way.

Usually there are two storage tanks for both air and gas to change and one memory each required as a reserve. For a blast furnace or for two alternately operated cupolas there are thus about six heat stores necessary. All hot air and hot gas lines must be fireproof inside Ground lined and best insulated on the outside.

From the heat store: coming in brazen, gas and air pipes are laid each with a ring around the furnace, to which then - with the blast furnace in the usual way with nozzle holders, in the cupola furnace, possibly also directly - the hot gas air nozzles already described, opening into the melting zone, appropriately distributed around the circumference of the jacket.

With the help of the main shut-off devices at the blast furnace, it is now Easily possible to give either more air or more gas and thereby completely according to Desire, with immediate adjustment to the need, either to fresh or carburizing, a great advantage over the old coke process, where the unfavorable In the oven, an increased addition of coke often takes effect very late.

The management of the furnace, the change in the production of various Iron types are therefore extremely simple with the new process used here and be light.

Another extremely big advantage, that of cultivated Desulfurization is increased, the new process achieves through the large- Purity of the molten metal, which now has the excellent quality again the old, good charcoal-pig-iron age, as the iron comes with the fuel no longer comes into direct contact.

Added to this is the independence from the quality of the coke, which is greater Efficiency of the ovens at the same size and despite the somewhat more complex ones Plant cheaper production due to cheaper fuel. The latter especially at Use of lignite, which, widespread, is still proportionate everywhere is easily and cheaply available.

Of course, any other can also be used in the gas generators Substances, e.g. B. coal, coke, etc., can be used to generate gas.

The same advantages arise with the cupola furnaces. With this one is, because of the necessary forced air supply, the use of blowers essential instead of fans.

In the day-to-day operation, which is usually present here, preheating takes place the heat storage, the furnace and the forehearth with gas generator gas. Also the forehearth receives nozzles, which is easily feasible, in order to achieve even tighter compliance with the desired quality iron to enable a facility that is not just one allow long iron storage, but rather the difficulties of charging will simplify significantly. In the case of the cupolas, the exhaust gases are also produced the heat storage heater in the adjacent drying chamber for drying the molds used, while in the blast furnaces these exhaust gases are used for ore preheating, etc. can be.

The excess furnace top gases can of course, as already usual to be exploited in any way, e.g. B. for boiler heating, gas engine operation etc.

Another advantage is that every existing blast furnace and Cupola furnace using the. Ovens and fans open without difficulty the new gas melting process can be rebuilt.

With the gas generator system, of course, a system for extraction the by-products from the gas (tar, etc.).

As for the charging of the melting furnaces (high and cupola furnaces), with the new gas smelting process, the addition of coke will generally be dispensed with entirely, so that in the blast furnace only ores and aggregates, in the cupolas ner ingots and aggregates be corrected. Exceptions to this are only rarely, possibly, for loosening purposes, turn out to be necessary for special carburization etc., so that in general at the new gas melting process, the performance and capacity of the furnaces to melt material a significantly larger one and the melting material and the liquid metal no longer with the ash and the other harmful additions of the coke in contact comes, already significant advantages, to which are added independence from the supply of coke and the possibility of using the one in the immediate vicinity fuel available at no great cost.

Finally, it is expressly noted that of course neither the usual gas generators, blowers, cleaners, desulphurizers, heat accumulators, nozzles, nor the use of highly heated gas and air for ore and Iron smelting are the subject of the patent, but rather the association and Utilizing these details to form a new whole, for new purposes, in connection . generated with high pressure gas generators with simultaneous injection in the gas generator high-temperature gas and high-temperature air, which is cooled by a sufficient number of or nozzles made fusible, are pushed into the furnace in such a way that they mix intimately with each other at the nozzle ends and generate a high melting heat, burn.

Patent protection is only granted for the toe as a whole and the new ones Procedure addressed.

Through this association described at the beginning better known Details in connection with the mentioned new procedures result in a novel, for blast furnaces as for cupolas., verTenab ,, a-Zes, gas melting system.

The experience described here also differs from #-allerlenr@eten previously patented process' insofar as the same existing blast furnace and cupola plants using furnaces, heat accumulators and fans on gas melting can be prepared, and the melting of the metal not only with high quality Fuel but can also be done with lignite.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: Gas melting process for blast furnaces and cupolas under Use of blowers, cleaners, desulphurizers,. Heat storage made fusible Mixing nozzles in such a way that the high-pressure gas is heated up using high-pressure gas generators Gas and high-temperature air are forced into the furnace.