DE3320240C1

DE3320240C1 - Connection for construction elements in structures

Info

Publication number: DE3320240C1
Application number: DE19833320240
Authority: DE
Inventors: Paul 3002 Wedemark Lenz
Original assignee: RUETERBAU GmbH
Current assignee: RUETERBAU GmbH
Priority date: 1983-06-03
Filing date: 1983-06-03
Publication date: 1984-10-04

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat-dependent connection in structures, in particular in steel and metal constructions, which is automatically detachable when a preset temperature is exceeded. The screw connections of the supporting construction on the fire wall have readily fusible intermediate discs which are arranged between the screw heads or nuts and the connecting element of the construction. These intermediate discs cover a hole in the connecting element which is larger than the screw nut or the screw head. On melting off the intermediate disc, the melting point of which is lower than the melting point of the material of the building construction, the construction can be displaced on the supporting brackets in the direction of the screw axis, the screw head or nut being guided through the large hole and the construction being able to be freely supported without hooking. Consequently, in the event of a fire the fire wall and the construction beyond the fire wall are no longer endangered by the otherwise resulting tensile forces and remain intact in the regions of the adjacent fire sections.

Description

Der Schnitt durch die Schraubenverbindung in F i g. 1 zeigt eine Stahlplatte 1, die an der Brandwand befestigt bzw. Bestandteil der Brandwand ist. Das Anschlußelemcnt 2 der anschließenden Tragkonstruktion ist mittels einer Schraube 3 und der Zwischenscheibe 5 fest gegen die Stahlplatte 1 der Brandwand gespannt. 1 lierdureh wird eine einwandfreie Übertragung der auf die Konstruktion über das Anschlußelement 2 wirkenden Zugkräfte auf die Stahlplatte 1 der Brandwand gewährleistet. The section through the screw connection in FIG. 1 shows a Steel plate 1, which is attached to the fire wall or is part of the fire wall. The connecting element 2 of the subsequent supporting structure is by means of one Screw 3 and the washer 5 firmly against the steel plate 1 of the fire wall tense. 1 lierdureh will ensure a flawless transfer of the to the construction Tensile forces acting on the steel plate 1 of the fire wall via the connection element 2 guaranteed.

Das Anschlußelement 2 weist eine Bohrung 7 auf, deren Durchmesser größer ist als der des Schraubenkopfes 4 der Schraube 3. Die Übertragung der Kräfte vom Schraubenkopf 4 auf das Anschlußelement 2 erfolgt über die Zwischenscheibe 5, welchc die Bohrung 7 überdeckt. Diese Zwischenscheibe 5 kann aus einer cinfachen Scheibe 51 bestehen, wie im obercn Teil der Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, aber auch einen in die Bohrung 7 eingreifenden Ansatz 10 aufweisen, wie durch die Zwischenscheibe 52 im unteren Teil der F i g. 1 dargestellt ist. Der Kragen 6 der Zwischenscheibe 5 kann zur Stabilisierung auch mit einem Zugring 11 aus einem Material höherer Festigkeit umspannt werden. Die letztbeschriebene Ausführung ist dann zu empfehlen, wenn das Material der leicht schmelzenden Zwischenscheibe 5 eine zu geringe Scherfestigkeit aufweist. Durch den Ansatz 10 wird die Zwischenscheibe 5 vortcilhaft gegen die Stahlplatte 1 abgestützt. The connecting element 2 has a bore 7, the diameter of which is greater than that of the screw head 4 of the screw 3. The transmission of forces from the screw head 4 to the connecting element 2 takes place via the washer 5, which covers the hole 7. This intermediate disk 5 can consist of a single Disk 51 exist, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 1, but also one have in the bore 7 engaging lug 10, as through the washer 52 in the lower part of FIG. 1 is shown. The collar 6 of the washer 5 can also be provided with a tension ring 11 made of a material of higher strength for stabilization be spanned. The last version described is recommended if that Material of the easily melting intermediate disk 5 has too low a shear strength having. With the shoulder 10, the intermediate disk 5 is advantageous against the steel plate 1 supported.

Ferner ist für die sichere Verbindung der Konstruktion und ihre Funktion zum Lösen der Verbindung in Brandfällen erforderlich, daß das Anschlußelement 2 der Konstruktion von unten und auch seitlich durch die Konsole 8 abgestützt wird, um die konzentrische Lage der großen Bohrung 7 zur Schraube 3 einzuhalten und letztere frei von Scherkräften bleibt. Für die zwischen scheibe 5 wird ein Material ausgewählt, welches den gewünschten Schmelzpunkt aufweist, der unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Materials der Baukonstruktion mit dem Anschlußelement 2 liegen muß. Bei einer Stahlkonstruktion kann hierfür ein Metall oder eine Metallegierung ausgewählt werden, z. B. eine Zwischenscheibe 5 aus Aluminium. Wird bei einem Brand der Schmelzpunkt des Materials der Zwischenscheibe 5 erreicht. löst sich die Zwischenscheibe 5 auf und die von der Tragkonstruktion wirkenden Zugkräfte ziehen das Anschlußclement 2 in Pfeilrichtung 13 von der Stahlplatte 1 der Brandwand weg, hierbei gleitet das Anschlußelement 2 über die stützende Konsole 8, die breiter ist als die Kragendicke 14 der Zwischenscheibe 5. It is also responsible for the secure connection of the structure and its function To release the connection in the event of a fire, it is necessary that the connecting element 2 the construction is supported from below and also to the side by the console 8, to maintain the concentric position of the large bore 7 to the screw 3 and the latter remains free from shear forces. For the between washer 5 a material is selected, which has the desired melting point, which is below the melting point of the material of the building structure with the connecting element 2 must be. At a Steel structure, a metal or a metal alloy can be selected for this, z. B. an intermediate disk 5 made of aluminum. Becomes the melting point in case of fire of the material of the intermediate disk 5 is achieved. the intermediate disk 5 dissolves and the tensile forces acting by the supporting structure pull the connecting element 2 in the direction of arrow 13 away from the steel plate 1 of the fire wall, this slides Connection element 2 via the supporting bracket 8, which is wider than the collar thickness 14 of the washer 5.

Dadurch wird erreicht, daß der Schraubenkopf 4 zentrisch in die Bohrung 7 eingeführt wird, wenn sich das Anschlußelement 2 in Pfeilrichtung 13 über die Konsole 8 bewegt. Sobald das Anschlußelement 2 über die Konsole 8 abstürzt, befindet sich der Schraubenkopf 4 bcreits in der Bohrung 7 und kann sich nicht mehr vor der Bohrung 7 des Anschlußelements 2 verhaken. Einc sichere Lösung der Baukonstruktion mit dem Anschlußelement 2 von der Stahlplatte 1 der Brandwand ist damit gewährleistet. This ensures that the screw head 4 is centered in the bore 7 is introduced when the connecting element 2 in the direction of arrow 13 on the Console 8 moved. As soon as the connecting element 2 crashes over the console 8, is located the screw head 4 is already in the hole 7 and can no longer be in front of the Hook hole 7 of connection element 2. A safe solution of the building structure with the connecting element 2 from the steel plate 1 of the fire wall is guaranteed.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer wärmeabhängigen Schraubverbindung, das außer der stützenden Konsole 8 zusätzlich eine in der Stahlplatte 1 eingeschweißte Hülse 15 aufweist. Das hat den Vorteil, daß die Bohrung 7 im Anschlußelement 2 zur Achse der Schraube 3 bei der Montage der Tragkonstruktion zentriert wird und damit die Schraube 3 mit der Zwischenscheibe 5 leichter eingesetzt und verschraubt werden kann. Der in die Bohrung 7 eingreifende Ansatz 16 muß, ebenso wie die Konsole 8, eine Tiefe 12 aufweisen, die größer ist als die Kragendicke 14 der Zwischenscheibe 5. Die Zwischenscheibe 5 hat zweckmäßig einen zylindrischen Ansatz 10, der sich gegen die eingeschweißte Hülse 15 abstützt. Die Schraubverbindung 3 bleibt auch in diesem Falle frei von Scherkräften, die von der Konsole 8 und der Hülse 15 aufgenommen werden. Bcim Schmelzen der Zwischenscheibe 5 gleitet die Tragkonstruktion mit dem Anschlußelement 2 in Pfeilrichtung 13 über den Ansatz 16 und die Konsole 8 bis sich der Schraubenkopf 4 in der Bohrung 7 des Anschlußclements 2 befindet und das Lösen des Konstruktionselementes gesichert ist. Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a heat-dependent Screw connection, which apart from the supporting bracket 8 also has one in the steel plate 1 has welded sleeve 15. This has the advantage that the bore 7 in the connecting element 2 is centered on the axis of the screw 3 during the assembly of the supporting structure and so that the screw 3 is inserted and screwed more easily with the washer 5 can be. The approach 16 engaging in the bore 7 must, as well as the console 8, have a depth 12 which is greater than the collar thickness 14 of the washer 5. The intermediate disk 5 expediently has a cylindrical extension 10, which against the welded sleeve 15 is supported. The screw connection 3 also remains in in this case free of shear forces absorbed by the console 8 and the sleeve 15 will. Bcim melting the intermediate disk 5, the support structure slides with the Connection element 2 in the direction of arrow 13 over the extension 16 and the console 8 to itself the screw head 4 is located in the bore 7 of the connecting element 2 and the loosening of the construction element is secured.

Die F i g. 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel bei dem das Anschlußelement 2 der Tragkonstruktion unter Verzicht einer Konsole 8 ausschließlich auf einem eingeschweißten massiven Bolzen 17 ruht. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel zeichnet sich durch sehr einfach herzustellende Bauteile aus. The F i g. 3 shows an embodiment in which the connecting element 2 of the supporting structure, dispensing with a bracket 8, exclusively on a welded-in one massive bolt 17 rests. This embodiment is very simple components to be manufactured.

Der massive Bolzen 17 ist sehr verformungsstabil und kann erheblich größere Scherkräfte aufnehmen als die eingeschweißte Hülse 15 gemäß Fig.2. Zur leichten Montage der Bau konstruktion kann der massive Bolzen 17 mit einer Abschrägung 9 versehen sein. Außerdem cntfällt die Einführung der Schraube 3, da der massive Bolzen 17 einen Gewindeeinsatz 18 aufweist, auf dem die Mutter 4 einfach ohne Gegenhalten eines Schraubenkopfes aufgeschraubt werden kann. Auch bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel muß die Tiefe 12 des in die Bohrung 7 eingreifenden Ansatzes 16 größer sein, als die Kragendicke 14 der Zwischenscheibe 5, um die zentrische Einführung der Schraubenmutter 4 in die Bohrung 7 beim Weggleiten des Anschlußelements 2 in Pfeilrichtung 13 zu gewährleisten. The massive bolt 17 is very resistant to deformation and can considerably absorb greater shear forces than the welded-in sleeve 15 according to FIG. For easy The massive bolt 17 with a bevel 9 can be used to assemble the building structure be provided. In addition, there is no need to insert the screw 3, since the massive bolt 17 has a threaded insert 18 on which the nut 4 is simply held without counter-holding a screw head can be screwed on. Also in this embodiment the depth 12 of the engaging in the bore 7 approach 16 must be greater than the collar thickness 14 of the washer 5 to the central introduction of the screw nut 4 into the bore 7 when the connecting element 2 slides away in the direction of arrow 13 guarantee.

Als Material für die Zwischenscheibe 5 kann auch ein Kunststoff verwendet werden. A plastic can also be used as the material for the intermediate disk 5 will.

Je nach dem verwendeten Material der Tragkonstruktion muß die Zwischenscheibe 5 schmelzen bzw. Depending on the material used for the supporting structure, the intermediate washer 5 melt or

erweichen, bevor der Brand Verformungen der Tragkonstruktion verursachen und Zugkräfte auf die Brandwand ausüben kann.soften before the fire causes deformation of the supporting structure and can exert tensile forces on the fire wall.

- Leerseite -- blank page -

Claims

Claims: 1. Connection for structural elements in buildings, especially in the case of metal structures that, if a specified Temperature is designed to be automatically releasable, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n n z ei c h n e t that the structural elements to be connected, the connecting element (2) and the fire wall (1), held together in this way by means of a bolt or a screw (3) are that the screw (3) through a hole at least on the fire endangered side (7) is guided in the connection element (2), the diameter of which is greater than that of the Bolt or screw head or the screw nut (4), between the bolt or The screw head and the connection element are an intermediate disk covering the bore (7) (5) is made of easily melting material and the fire wall (1) has a Connection element (2) from below supporting and laterally leading console (8) and / or one in the bore (7) engaging concentrically approach (d5, 17), the or the depth (12) of which is greater than the thickness of the collar (6) of the intermediate disk (5).

2. A compound according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate disc (5) a cylindrical or conical one which can be inserted concentrically into the bore (7) Has approach (10).

3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the collar (6) of the washer (5) from a shear strength increasing Pull ring (11) higher temperature resistance is included.

4. A compound according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate disk (5) made of a metal, a metal alloy or a thermoplastic Plastic is made with a melting point or a softening point that is lower is than the melting point of the material of the construction.

The invention relates to a connection for structural elements in buildings, especially in the case of metal structures, which when a predetermined temperature is formed automatically releasable.

Connections of this type should z. B. in load-bearing steel structures are used, especially in the construction of large and high halls, which are divided into several fire compartments by fire walls to prevent them from reaching over to prevent a fire from one section of the hall to the other.

Large and high halls are mostly given a steel supporting structure, which are usually stabilized by associations in the roof and in the longitudinal walls. In practice, it is advisable to attach the fire wall to the steel art structure on both sides to hcrcstipcn. to stabilize the fire wall against falling over. This stabilization is, especially in high halls, much more economical than a sub Restraint of the fire wall in the foundations.

Although this type of construction is modern and very economical is. there are considerable deficiencies in the individual fire compartments in the event of fires.

There is a fire in a hall section, of the construction brings this section to collapse, so are by construction elements of the When the part of the hall collapses, considerable tensile forces are exerted on the fire wall and construction elements of the neighboring part of the hall beyond the fire wall. Even if the encroachment the fire in the neighboring parts of the hall can be avoided under certain circumstances, in most cases there is no damage to the neighboring supporting structures to avoid. Such unavoidable consequential damage is the necessary fire protection no longer given.

The magnitude of this that occurs when a hall structure collapses Forces is not yet detectable. To take these forces into account in the supporting structure, would inevitably lead to considerable additional expenditure in terms of material and labor to lead.

These disadvantages arise not only in hall constructions but also also in general for structures that are separated in sections by fire walls.

The object of the invention is to overcome the prescribed disadvantages to remedy and thus to achieve that if the building structure collapses in the event of a fire In a building section, the fire walls and the supporting structures are not endangered remain in the neighboring fire compartments and are not destroyed.

This object is achieved in that at the beginning of a connection of the type mentioned, the structural elements to be connected, the connecting element and the fire wall, held together by means of a bolt or screw are that at least on the fire endangered side the screw through a hole is guided in the connection element, the diameter of which is larger than that of the bolt or screw head or the screw nut, between the bolt or. Screw head and connecting element an intermediate disk covering the bore and made of easily melting Material is arranged and the fire wall supports the connection element from below and laterally leading console and / or one engaging concentrically in the bore Has approach whose depth is greater than the thickness of the collar the washer.

Such a connection in a supporting structure z. B. on fire walls ensures that the connection under tension, consisting of bolts, screws or rivets can do their usual job safely and permanently during all Load cases fulfilled, in the event of fire exposure due to the effect of high temperature the buoyancy of the connection is canceled. Z. B. a steel structure above the fire section of the building, this construction section is free from the neighboring building sections, with the collapsing structure none Can exert tensile forces on the fire wall and on the neighboring structure.

Further advantageous exemplary embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of claims 2 to 4.

The invention is illustrated by means of exemplary embodiments in the drawings explained in more detail. These show in Fig. 1 a section through a screw connection, F i g. 2 shows a further embodiment according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 further training according to FIG. 2.