DE3304972C1

DE3304972C1 - Heat-flow insulating window

Info

Publication number: DE3304972C1
Application number: DE19833304972
Authority: DE
Inventors: Kurt Winterthur Brader; Paul Seuzach Grether; Bruno Dr. Zürich Keller
Original assignee: Sulzer AG; Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Current assignee: Geilinger AG
Priority date: 1983-02-04
Filing date: 1983-02-12
Publication date: 1984-07-19
Also published as: CH659285A5

Abstract

For subsequently equipping existing double-glazed windows, there are provided for connection to the pane inner space (1) a circulation chamber (11) and a drying chamber (4) which contains drying agent (17). The circulation chamber (11) is on the one hand connected in an air-permeable and vapour-permeable manner to the drying agent (17) in the drying chamber (4) and on the other hand connected via ducts (12) to the pane inner space (1). The inner-space air, driven essentially by the temperature difference between inner space (1) and circulation chamber (11), circulates through them. In doing so, it is continuously dried, in order to extract moisture from it, which diffuses in through the seal (19), which in practice cannot be made completely airtight, or the frame (3). <IMAGE>

Description

Im Zuge der Sanierung von Altbauten können die Wärmeverluste bereits bestehender Fenster mit doppelter Verglasung z.B. mit Hilfe einer Zwischenscheibe reduziert werden; diese besteht z. B. in einem selbsttragenden Einsatzelement, das eine ausgespannte Kunststoff-Folie oder eine Glasscheibe-trägt Diese Zwischenscheibe und/oder eine der dem Scheibeninnenraum zugewandten Oberflächen der Doppelverglasung kann dabei mit einer selektiv reflektierenden Schicht versehen werden, so daß ein Nachrüsten dieser Fenster mit einer kontrollierenden Strömungsverbindung notwendig wird. Für die Nachrüstung bestehender Fenster ist es von Vorteil, wenn Trocknungs- und Zirkulationskammer gemeinsam als eigene, geschlossene Baueinheit an das Fenster ansetzbar sind. In the course of the renovation of old buildings, the heat losses can already existing windows with double glazing, e.g. with the help of an intermediate pane be reduced; this consists z. B. in a self-supporting insert element that a stretched plastic film or a glass pane carries this intermediate pane and / or one of the surfaces of the double glazing facing the pane interior can be provided with a selectively reflective layer, so that retrofitting these windows with a controlling flow connection becomes necessary. When retrofitting existing windows, it is advantageous if Drying and circulation chamber together as a separate, closed structural unit can be attached to the window.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In the following the invention is illustrated by means of exemplary embodiments explained in more detail in connection with the drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau des neuen Fensters in einem vertikalen Längsschnitt durch Scheibeninnenraum, Trocknungs- und Zirkulationskammer; F i g. 2 ist in gleicher Darstellung ein konstruktiv durchgebildetes Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß dem Schnitt Il-II von F i g. 4; Fig. 3 ist der Schnitt III-III von Fig. 4, während F i g. 4 ihrerseits den Schnitt IV-IV von F i g. 3 wiedergibt. Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of the new window in one vertical longitudinal section through the interior of the pane, drying and circulation chamber; F i g. In the same representation, FIG. 2 is a structurally implemented exemplary embodiment according to section II-II of FIG. 4; Fig. 3 is the section III-III of Fig. 4, while F i g. 4 in turn the section IV-IV from F i g. 3 reproduces.

In einen Mauerrahmen 16 eingesetzt zeigt Fig. 1 schematisch einen Fensterflügel mit einer Doppelverglasung 2, dessen Rahmen mit 3 bezeichnet ist Die Dikke d des Innenraums 1 zwischen den Deckscheiben 2 ist relativ groß und beträgt beispielsweise etwa 40 mm. Inserted into a wall frame 16, Fig. 1 shows schematically a Sash with double glazing 2, the frame of which is denoted by 3 Die The thickness d of the interior 1 between the cover disks 2 is relatively large and amounts to for example about 40 mm.

Wie bereits erläutert, kann das Fenster daher nicht mehr als geschlossenes Isolierglasfenster ausgeführt werden, sondern besitzt für einen Druckausgleich zwischen Innenraum 1 und äußerer Atmosphäre eine offene Verbindung zu dieser, in F i g. 1 links angenommenen Atmosphäre A.As already explained, the window can therefore no longer be considered closed Insulating glass windows are run, but has for pressure equalization between Interior 1 and the outside atmosphere an open connection to this, in F i g. 1 atmosphere assumed on the left A.

Im Luftweg dieser Verbindung ist eine Trocknungskammer 4 vorgesehen, deren Trockenmittel 17 gleichzeitig als Adsorbens für gasförmige Verunreinigungen und als Staubfilter wirkt. Es besteht z. B. in bekannter Weise aus einem Molekularsieb (Zeolith) oder aus Silicagel. Die Trocknungskammer 4 erstreckt sich über die ganze Seitenhöhe des Fensters; sie hat oben eine lösbar verschlossene Einfüllöffnung 8 für das Trockenmittel 17, das periodisch erneuert werden muß. Durch die ebenfalls lösbar verschlossene Ablaßöffnung 9 kann verbrauchtes Trockenmittel 17 aus der Trocknungskammer 4 in einfacher Weise abgezogen werden. A drying chamber 4 is provided in the airway of this connection, their desiccant 17 at the same time as an adsorbent for gaseous impurities and acts as a dust filter. There is z. B. in a known manner from a molecular sieve (Zeolite) or from silica gel. The drying chamber 4 extends over the whole Side height of the window; it has a releasably closed filling opening 8 at the top for the desiccant 17, which must be renewed periodically. By that too releasably closed drain opening 9 can used desiccant 17 from the drying chamber 4 can be easily withdrawn.

Gegen die Atmosphäre A hin ist der Trocknungskammer 4 eine sich parallel dazu erstreckende Vorkammer 5 vorgelagert, deren Volumen oben über Durchtrittsöffnungen 7 mit der Trocknungskammer 4 verbunden ist Das Volumen der Vorkammer 5 ist dabei als Puffervolumen ausgebildet; ein solches stellen Vorkammern dann dar, wenn ihr Gesamtvolumen pro m2 Scheiben- bzw. Towards the atmosphere A, the drying chamber 4 is parallel upstream of this extending prechamber 5, the volume of which at the top via through openings 7 is connected to the drying chamber 4. The volume of the antechamber 5 is included designed as a buffer volume; such are the antechambers if you Total volume per m2 pane or

Fensterfläche mindestens 100 cm3 beträgt. Ein großer Diffusionswiderstand für Wasserdampf wird dabei vor allem durch relativ enge Eintrittsöffnungen 10 zur umgebenden Atmosphäre A hin gewährleistet. Es sind bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform zwei Eintrittsöffnungen 10 vorgesehen, deren Durchmesser beispielsweise 1-2 mm beträgt.Window area is at least 100 cm3. A great diffusion resistance for water vapor is mainly through relatively narrow inlet openings 10 for surrounding atmosphere A guaranteed. They are in the embodiment shown two inlet openings 10 are provided, the diameter of which is, for example, 1-2 mm.

Das Puffervolumen der Vorkammer 5 hat den Zweck, bei den relativ hochfrequenten Schwingungen des Fensters infolge von wechselnden Windbelastungen die Verluste an trockner Luft möglichst gering zu halten. The buffer volume of the antechamber 5 has the purpose of relative high-frequency vibrations of the window as a result of changing wind loads to keep the losses of dry air as low as possible.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Trocknungskammer 4 nicht direkt mit dem Innenraum 1 zwischen den Scheiben 2 verbunden, sondern steht über eine luft- und wasserdampfdurchlässige Verbindung 6 mit einer Zirkulationskammer 11 in Verbindung, die parallel zu ihr ebenfalls über die Fensterhöhe verläuft Von dieser Zirkulationskammer 11 aus führen oben und unten Leitungen 12 in den Innenraum 1. According to the invention, the drying chamber 4 is not directly connected to the interior 1 connected between the panes 2, but is via an air and water vapor permeable Connection 6 with a circulation chamber 11 in connection, which is parallel to it This circulation chamber 11 also runs above the window height lines 12 at the top and bottom into the interior 1.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigt ein Doppelverglasungsfenster konventioneller Bauart mit einem Flügelrahmen 3 aus Holz, eingebaut über einen Mauerrahmen 21 in die Wand 16. Der k-Wert dieses Fensters ist durch Unterteilung seines Innenraums zwischen den Deckscheiben 2 auf etwa die Hälfte abgesenkt worden. Die Unterteilung des Innenraums in die Teilräume la und ib erfolgt mittels einer - mit einer selektiv im Infrarot-Bereich reflektierenden Schicht 18 beschichteten - Kunststoff-Folie 14, die einseitig auf einen selbsttragenden Spannrahmen 15 aufgespannt ist. The embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 4 shows a double-glazed window conventional design with a leaf frame 3 made of wood, installed over a wall frame 21 into the wall 16. The k-value of this window is determined by dividing its interior space between the cover disks 2 has been lowered to about half. The subdivision of the interior in the sub-spaces la and ib takes place by means of a - with a selective Layer 18 coated in the infrared range - plastic film 14, which is stretched on one side on a self-supporting tensioning frame 15.

Dieser ist in einem möglichst weitgehend luft- und wasserdampfdichten, thermisch isolierenden Abschlußrahmen 13 zwischen den Deckscheiben 2 untergebracht, der seinerseits mit Hilfe von bekannten Dichtmitteln 19, beispielsweise auf Polysulfidbasis, gegen die Scheiben 2 abgedichtet ist.This is in a largely air- and water-vapor-tight, thermally insulating end frame 13 housed between the cover plates 2, which in turn with the help of known sealants 19, for example based on polysulphide, is sealed against the panes 2.

Wie bereits erwähnt, stellt eine selektiv reflektierende Schicht hohe Anforderungen an die Reinheit und die Wasserdampffreiheit der Luft im Innenraum 1. Da eine absolute Abdichtung des Innenraums 1 auch mit Hilfe des Abschlußrahmens 13 nicht möglich ist, muß dieser Luft dauernd Feuchtigkeit entzogen werden. Deshalb sind in einem Profilstab 20 die Zirkulationskammer 11, die Trocknungskammer 4 und die Vorkammer 5 zu einer separaten geschlossenen Baueinheit zusammengefügt; der Profilstab 20 ist, gegen die Außenatmosphäre A gelegen, auf der Scharnierseite des Flügelrahmens 3 befestigt. As mentioned earlier, it constitutes a selectively reflective layer high demands on the purity and the absence of water vapor in the air in the interior 1. Since an absolute seal of the interior 1 also with the help of the end frame 13 is not possible, moisture must be continuously removed from this air. That's why are in a profile bar 20, the circulation chamber 11, the drying chamber 4 and the antechamber 5 joined together to form a separate closed structural unit; the Profile bar 20 is located against the outside atmosphere A, on the hinge side of the Sash 3 attached.

Die Leitungen 12 zwischen der Zirkulationskammer 11 und dem Scheibeninnenraum 1 sind als Rohre ausgebildet, die in - den Profilrahmen 20 oben und unten abschließende, an diesem durch Schrauben 22 gehaltene - Endstücke 23 münden. The lines 12 between the circulation chamber 11 and the interior of the pane 1 are designed as tubes, which in - the profile frame 20 at the top and bottom, on this held by screws 22 - end pieces 23 open.

Die luft- und wasserdampfdurchlässige Verbindung 6 zwischen Trocknungskammer 4 und Zirkulationskammer 11 besteht bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in einem oder mehreren schmalen Längsschlitzen. The air and water vapor permeable connection 6 between the drying chamber 4 and circulation chamber 11 consists in this embodiment in one or several narrow longitudinal slits.

Die Temperaturunterschiede zwischen dem Innenraum 1 und der Zirkulationskammer 11 bilden den Antrieb für eine Zirkulationsströmung, durch die die Innenraumluft immer wieder an den Schlitzen 6 vorbeigeführt wird, in deren Nähe ein starkes Konzentrationsgefälle für Wasserdampf zum Trockenmittel 17 hin besteht. Der in einem sehr langsamen Strom zirkulierenden Luft wird daher in der Nähe der Schlitze 6 dauernd Wasserdampf durch Diffusion in das Trockenmittel 17 hinein entzogen. Dieser Entzug reicht aus, um in der Innenraumluft die erforderliche Trockenheit aufrechtzuerhalten. The temperature differences between the interior 1 and the circulation chamber 11 form the drive for a circulation flow through which the indoor air is repeatedly guided past the slots 6, in the vicinity of which there is a strong concentration gradient for water vapor to the desiccant 17 exists. The one in a very slow stream circulating air is therefore in the vicinity of the slots 6 water vapor continuously Diffusion into the desiccant 17 withdrawn. This withdrawal is enough to to maintain the necessary dryness in the indoor air.

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Claims

Claims: 1. Heat flow insulating window with at least two Glazing, the outer cover panes of which are arranged at a distance from one another, wherein the interior space between the cover disks for pressure equalization via a drying chamber is in communication with the outside air, the drying chamber extending in the direction of flow the air extends at least over a partial height of the window and over, on different Lines at the level are connected to the interior, characterized in that that parallel to the desiccant-containing drying chamber (4) between the Lines (12) extend a circulation chamber (li) which is air and water vapor permeable is connected to the drying chamber (4).

2. Window according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying chamber (4) at the top and at the bottom, each with a releasably closed opening (8,9) for filling and emptying desiccant (17) is provided

3. Window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that drying chamber (4) and circulation chamber (ii) can be attached to the window together as a separate, closed structural unit.

The invention relates to a heat flow insulating window with at least double glazing, the outer cover panes arranged at a distance from one another are, the interior space between the cover disks for pressure equalization over a drying chamber communicates with the outside air, the drying chamber extends in the flow direction of the air over at least part of the height of the window and via lines to the interior at different levels connected is double or multiple glazing for windows where the air gap or the sum of the air gaps between the outer cover plates more than be approx. 30 mm, can generally not be more than gas-tight insulation windows be carried out, as changes in temperature and / or barometric pressure Excessive or negative pressure would result in the space between the panes. Open systems, where there is an uncontrolled connection between the ambient air and the space between the panes exists, tend to fog up on the glass surfaces of the space between the panes, because both condensed water vapor as well as dust and gaseous form on these surfaces Can precipitate admixtures in the ambient air; are in such systems therefore periodic cleaning in the space between the panes of glass is necessary. These cleanings are undesirable in terms of effort; beyond that is such a Cleaning in the presence of sensitive, selectively reflective layers because of the risk of damage is no longer permissible. In this case it is still the selectively reflecting ones are destroyed by the pollutants in the air Layers possible.

It is therefore known to balance the pressure with the ambient air via a Establish a drying chamber in a controlled flow connection (GB-PS 603245).

With the help of the drying chamber not only the penetration of Avoid moisture in the interior between the panes as much as possible, but also water vapor, which in the interior along its entire perimeter to some extent Dimensions penetrates, is thereby transported away from the interior again; about that In addition, dust and pollutants from the environment are released through the drying chamber kept away from the space between the panes.

In the known window, the drying chamber consists of one Cavity that is at different levels with the interior space between the panes connected is. Due to the generally in this cavity compared to the interior The temperature difference between the panes is created by the interior of the panes and cavity a circulating flow. The drying of the circulating air is said to be due to condensation of water vapor on the walls of the especially during the colder cavity caused by the cold season. This mechanism is however, not reliably effective in all circumstances.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a window with an interior Circulation flow penetrating between the panes and with a drying chamber to create reliable drying in all climatic conditions the circulating air driven solely by thermal pressure differences is guaranteed outside the pane interior. According to the invention this The object is achieved in that parallel to the drying chamber containing the desiccant A circulation chamber, which is air and water vapor permeable, extends between the lines is connected to the drying chamber.

The - like the drying chamber of the well-known window - of flow-inhibiting The thermally driven circulation chamber provides internal fixtures or fillings Circulation flow safe; however, the circulation chamber serves in the opposite to the known window only as a transport route for the flow. The circulating air is therefore only led past the drying chamber filled with desiccant, without enforcing them; You will get water vapor as a result of a water vapor concentration gradient withdrawn towards the desiccant. The volume flow of the circulation flow is included on the one hand proportional to the prevailing temperature difference and on the other hand from the Flow resistance in the circulation circuit depends. So he lets himself through Changing the geometric dimensions in this cycle change to a certain extent.

The drying chamber is advantageously at the top and bottom with one each releasably closed opening for filling or emptying desiccant, whereby z. B. the periodically necessary replacement of the desiccant is significantly simplified will.