DE3303509A1 - Machines with double-acting pistons - Google Patents

Abstract

In these machines, each machine unit (5) has two double-acting pistons connected to one another directly. Similar machines of this kind are described in, inter alia, DE-OS 1601806 or DE-AS 2639450. Since the working spaces are arranged in the form of a circle, it is possible for in each case two valves, situated at any desired angle, to be acted upon via levers by a cam of the cam shaft. The two lines connecting the cam shaft axis and the points of contact between the cam and the lever must form an angle of 90 DEG . The sealing of the working spaces (4) is to be provided between the piston (1) and the cylinder wall (9), the cylinder head (10) and the rotary oscillation hub (6), and the cylinder wall and the rotary oscillation hub. The machine according to the invention can operate without valves by the two-stroke method, using just inlet, exhaust and transfer ports and ducts (18), (19), (35) and (34). In the H-shaped machine, the reciprocating straight-line motion of the piston is converted via at least one joint with two degrees of freedom into the rotary motion of the crank shaft. Machines with double-acting pistons are small in terms of mass and volume, simple in terms of valve timing and have a small number of moving parts and no sealing problems. <IMAGE>

Description

DESCRIPTION

Working machines with double-working pistons The invention is bet-ifft a work machine that is used to drive e.g. means of transport or to create of mechanical energy as an internal combustion engine or for converting forms of energy can act as e.g. a pump. This machine works on the principle of double-working pistons, which are connected to each other directly and not via the crankshaft, are firmly or articulated, so that only one connecting rod or A 2-degree of freedom joint is necessary to a reciprocating torsionally oscillating joint respectively.

rectilinear motion into a rotating motion of the crankshaft transform.

This principle is partly from or in DE-OS 16 01 806 DE-OS 21 13 953 DE-AS 26 39 450 DE-OS 30 20 499 known or used.

With the 4-stroke reciprocating piston engines that are common today, the 4-stroke processes 4 cylinders, with the 2-stroke process 2 cylinders, each with a work area, so that work can be delivered by one of the cylinders at every cycle. To each One of the pistons is a connecting rod that has reciprocating, rectilinear motion the piston is transferred into a rotating motion of the crankshaft. That all leads to the fact that the conventional reciprocating piston engine is relatively heavy and large in volume.

By double-working pistons and connecting the pistons to each other a weight and volume reduction can be achieved.

In DE-AS 26 39 450 the inlet and outlet valves (13) and (14) be arranged at an angle of 90 "to each other, so that each 2 valves can be acted upon by a cam of the camshaft (16). This condition can be omitted if the lever (17) is interposed, in which case the two Lines connecting the camshaft axis to the points of contact between cams and lever (17) form an angle of 90 ". The use of levers (17) is in necessary in practice, as the space between the valves or

Working spaces (4) in small-volume machines is quite narrow, so that direct control of the valves by the camshaft (16) not or only under high effort is possible.

In none of the mentioned AS or OS is the sealing problem of Work spaces (4) completely solved. The working space (4) must always be sealed there where there is a relative movement between the parts delimiting the combustion chamber (32) takes place.

So it is in the case of the driven machine with pistons that move in torsional vibrations (1) to be sealed between - piston (1) and cylinder wall (9), - cylinder head (10) and torsional vibration hub (6), cylinder wall (9) and torsional vibration hub (6).

The seal between piston (1) and cylinder wall (9) and between The cylinder head (10) and the torsional vibration hub (6) are indicated in the AS and OS mentioned or mentioned. The working gas can, however, through the gap between the cylinder wall (9) and the torsional vibration hub (6) come out of the working space (4), so that a loss is unavoidable due to gas pressure. For sealing between the cylinder wall (9) and the torsional vibration hub (6) therefore at least one sealing ring must be provided. This sealing ring can in a groove in the cylinder housing (11) or in the torsional vibration hub (6) radially, then the width of the torsional vibration hub (6) is wider than the cylinder width or the cylinder diameter, or axially, then the width of the torsional vibration hub (6) is narrower than the cylinder width or the cylinder diameter.

The mentioned AS or OS mention that the machine after the 2-stroke process can work, but always provide valves for this. They are omitted in this invention and are through inlet, outlet and overflow openings (18), (19) and (35) replaced. Of the 4 working spaces (4), 2 are used as combustion spaces (32) and 2 as air or air-fuel mixture delivery spaces (in the following only act as air delivery spaces (33)).

The air or the air-fuel mixture is at least one Inlet opening (18) sucked in from the air delivery space (33), then compressed and over at least one overflow channel (34) and one overflow opening (35) in the ejecting phase located combustion chamber (32) pressed. The exhaust gas from the combustion chamber (32) reaches the open air via at least one outlet opening (19). All the openings can be incorporated both in the cylinder wall (9) and in the torsional vibration hub (6) and have different shapes.

By eliminating the valves, there are no camshafts (16) and their Drive more necessary so that the number of moving parts to a minimum is reduced. In addition, there is the weight and volume reduction and thus benefit the compact design.

The principle claimed in the AS or OS only applies to rotating or torsionally oscillating pistons (1), which are connected to one another via a shaft or hub are connected. The jacket of the shaft or hub forms part of the work space delimitation. In this invention the pistons (1 ') are directly with one another and not via the crankshaft (12), fixed or articulated, and their number is not limited. the The arrangement of the cylinders (2 ') or the working spaces (4') corresponds to that of today Boxer reciprocating engine, i.e. H-shaped; the distance between the cylinders (2 ') can be be of different sizes; the cylinders (2 ') are straight, but can also be curved or be in the shape of a circular arc. The waterproofing the work rooms (4 ') corresponds to that of the conventional reciprocating piston engine. As an internal combustion engine the machine according to the invention can work according to the 2- or 4-stroke method. At the 4-stroke processes are for each combustion chamber (32 '), as in the conventional reciprocating engine, to provide at least one inlet and one outlet valve (13 ') and (14'). At the The valves can be dispensed with in the 2-stroke process. In their places then enter and outlet ports (18 ') and (19'). There is also the possibility here 2 working spaces (4 ') to be designed as combustion spaces (32') and 2 as air supply spaces (33 '). The air supply spaces (33 ') are each equipped with at least one inlet valve (13') or an inlet opening (18 '), the combustion chambers (32') each with at least one outlet valve (14 ') or an outlet opening (19') to be provided. The combustion and air supply rooms (32 ') and (33') are each through at least one overflow channel (34 ') and one Overflow opening (35 ') connected to one another.

Due to the arrangement of the piston (1 ') and cylinder (2') move 2 pistons (1 ') upwards (compressing) and 2 downwards (expanding). Both two upward or compressing moving pistons (1 ') is through the one the Air or the air-fuel mixture is compressed and ignited while the other the air or the air-fuel mixture via overflow openings (35 ') and overflow channel (34') is pressed into the 2nd combustion chamber (32 ').

The first piston (1 ') is located in a first combustion chamber (32 '), the second in the one first air supply space (33'). Go these two pistons (1 '') down again, then the pistons move on the other side (1 ')) upwards. When going down, the outlet openings (19 ') become the overflow openings (35 ') of the combustion chamber (32') and the inlet openings (18 ') of the air delivery chamber (33') exposed, while at the same time by the upward movement of the two pistons (1 ") ) the other side - in the combustion chamber (32 '') the overflow and outlet openings (35 ') and (19 ') are closed and the or that previously pressed over from the air supply space (33') Air or air Fuel mixture is compressed and then ignited - the inlet openings (18 ') are closed in the air supply space (33' ') and the air or air-fuel mixture previously sucked in from the overflow openings (35 ') via the overflow channel (34') to the opposite combustion chamber (32 ') will.

The reciprocating rectilinear movement of the pistons (1 ') is via a connecting rod (15) or directly via a joint with 2 degrees of freedom or via freewheels into a rotating movement of a crankshaft (12) or a shaft implemented.

To achieve a compact design, i.e. the crankshaft (12 ') and to attach their storage laterally to the pistons (1 ') or cylinders (2') a crank drive modified from today's reciprocating engine can be used. This crankshaft drive consists of at least one pendulum rod mounted so that it can pivot (40), one end of which has a joint (36) with 2 degrees of freedom with the piston (1 ') and the other end of which is connected to the connecting rod (15), a connecting rod (15) and a crankshaft (12).

The direct drive of the crankshaft allows an even more compact design (12) via a joint (36 ') with 2 degrees of freedom from the piston (1'). This 2 degrees of freedom The joint (36 ') can consist of, for example, a guide slot (37) in the connecting crossbar (42) and a sliding block (38) exist. The sliding block (38) runs in the guide link (37) and is rotatably mounted on the crank pin (39). The guide link (37) must be at least as long as the stroke length. By moving back and forth the piston (1 ') and thus the connecting transverse rod (42) or the guide link (37), the sliding block (38) or the crank pin (39) performs a rotational movement around the crankshaft axis, which is in the middle of the one in the middle position Guide gate (37) lies.

The advantage of this machine according to the invention is that it does not work at all on connecting rods (15) and the extremely compact Building possibility.

The cylinders (2 ') can also be in the form of a circular arc and axially next to one another or be arranged one behind the other. The reciprocating torsional oscillation movement the piston (1 ') is, for example, tangled via a pivotably mounted pendulum (40 ') and a connecting rod (15) in a pure rotational movement of the crankshaft (12) implemented.

Another compact construction option is the attachment of at least 2 axially parallel pistons (1) on a torsion-vibration hub arch (41), which can vibrate in rotation is stored. Move the 4 pistons (1) that are fixed or articulated to one another swinging back and forth. The torsional oscillation movement is on the radially opposite one Side of the torsional vibration hub arch (41) by a connecting rod (15) in a rotational movement the crankshaft (12). It works as an internal combustion engine Machine according to the invention, similar to the previous machine with straight cylinders described, according to the 2- or 4-stroke process.

The advantages of this version compared to the mentioned AS resp. The machines described in OS are the smaller in height, the possibility to simple mass balancing and by using the only necessary bend the torsional vibration hub smaller reciprocating masses.

In summary, the machine according to the invention has compared to the conventional Reciprocating piston engine and the internal combustion engines explained in the aforementioned AS and OS among others the following advantages: - fewer connecting rods, - a shorter crankshaft, - no valves and valve control elements, i.e. fewer movable Parts, - solutions to the sealing problem, - compact construction.

In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings. 1 shows a machine unit of a work machine with double-working machines Piston Fig. 2 two machine units in a row arrangement, Fig. 3 three machine units in a row arrangement, FIG. 4 two machine units in a V arrangement, FIG. 5 five machine units in a star arrangement, Fig. 6 shows the longitudinal section of a working machine with double-working, rotatable piston, Fig. 7 shows the cross section of a machine with double-working, rotatable piston and hint of the magnification of the valve control, 8 shows the magnification of the valve control, in which the valves are operated via levers acted upon by the camshaft, FIG. 9 shows a radial section of the piston and the cylinder with a hint of the magnification of a piston seal the cylinder wall, oscillating plate and piston corner using pressure springs, 10 shows the magnification of the piston seal on the oscillating disk, cylinder wall and piston corner using compression springs, Fig. 11 the seal on the Cylinder wall, oscillating plate and piston corner if the piston size is d and the distance e of the grooves for the oscillating plate sealing rings are the same, FIG. 12 the seal on the cylinder heads in the piston-axial Section and top view, 13 shows the seal on the cylinder heads in radial section and in piston-axial section 14 a radial section with an indication of a magnification of a magnifying glass Sealing on the cylinder wall, oscillating plate and piston corner without pressure springs, 15 shows the magnification of a seal on the cylinder wall, oscillating disk and piston corner without pressure springs when new, FIG. 16 the magnification of the Sealing on the cylinder wall, oscillating plate and piston corner without pressure springs in the run-in state, FIG. 17 is a top view of a piston-side seal, 18 shows, in perspective, the sealing bolt for the piston sealing strip in the sealing design without pressure springs, Fig. 19 the machine with double-working, torsionally oscillating piston for the 2-stroke process in the final compression phase of the upper piston (Compression on the combustion chamber side), Fig. 20 the machine with double-working, torsionally oscillating piston for the 2-stroke process in the expansion phase of the upper Piston (expansion on the combustion chamber side), FIG. 21 shows a longitudinal section of the crankshaft a machine with double-working, straight-running pistons and laterally mounted crankshaft, FIG. 22 shows a crankshaft cross section of a machine with double-working, straight-running pistons and side-mounted crankshaft, Fig. 23 a possibility to achieve a direction opposite movement of the piston with With the help of joints, Fig. 24 shows the crankshaft cross-section of a machine with double-acting, straight-running pistons that drive the crankshaft directly over a 2-degree of freedom Drive the joint, Fig. 25 shows the longitudinal section of the crankshaft of a machine with double-working, straight-running pistons that drive the crankshaft directly over a 2-degree of freedom Drive the joint, Fig. 26, the machine with double-working, straight-line running piston for the 2-stroke process in the final compression phase of the upper piston, Fig. 27 shows the machine with double-working, straight-running pistons for the 2-stroke process in the expansion phase of the upper piston, Fig. 28 the machine with double-working pistons arranged in parallel on a torsion-vibration hub arch In the plan view, Fig. 29, the machine parallel to a torsional vibration hub arch arranged, double-working pistons in the crankshaft longitudinal section, Fig. 30 the Machine with double-working ones arranged in parallel on a torsion-vibration hub arch Pistons in the crankshaft cross-section, the working machine with double-working pistons works according to the 4-stroke principle with the 4 known suction, compression, Working and exhaust strokes and the ignition interval of 1800.

The working machine with double-working pistons runs as separate Machine unit (5) up to the series coupling of several machine units (5) (Figures 1 to 3). Each machine unit (5) corresponds to a 4-cylinder reciprocating piston machine conventional design. E.g. 3 coupled machine units (5) correspond to one 12-cylinder reciprocating engine.

These machine units (5) can be in the (crankshaft) longitudinal direction be built narrow, e.g. by choosing a V, W or star arrangement (Fig. 4 and 5).

On a specifically designed work machine with double-working, torsionally oscillating piston (Fig. 7 and.8) it is clear that the requirement that the Valves are perpendicular to each other, is impossible if the dimensions are small and the power of the machine should be around 40 kW, for example.

With a favorable arrangement, the valves are not subject to one another 90 °, so that levers (17) are necessary, the two connecting lines from the Camshaft axis to the points of contact between the cam and lever (17) one Angle of 90 "form two versions of the sealing of the working spaces (4) of the Working machine with double-working, rotatable pistons are explained here.

Each working space (4) must be sealed in the direction of: - Piston (1) because of the relative movement between piston (1) and cylinder wall (9), - cylinder head (10) because of the relative movement between the cylinder head (10) and the oscillating plate (6), - Cylinder wall (9) because of the relative movement between the cylinder wall (9) and the oscillating plate (6).

The seal in the direction of the piston (1) is provided by piston sealing strips (21), in the direction of the cylinder head (10) through transverse sealing strips (24) and sealing bolts (28), in the direction of the cylinder wall (9) through oscillating plate sealing rings (27) and cylinder sealing rings (26) (Figures 9, 12).

The first version uses flat (30) and wave springs (31) used to press the sealing rings and strips on the desired side.

The piston sealing strips (21) consist of a piston sealing strip middle section (22) and 2 piston sealing strip end parts (23) (Fig. 9, 10). A flat spring (30) presses the piston sealing strips (21) against the cylinder wall (9), so that the seal is secured in the direction of the piston (1).

The oscillating plate sealing ring (27) is supported by 2 wave springs (31) on the one hand pressed axially inwards, on the other hand radially outwards against the cylinder wall (9). The cylinder sealing ring (26) and the 2nd piston sealing strip (21) serve to improve the situation the workspace sealing. When the piston movement is reversed, it can happen that the gas at the first piston sealing strip (21) and the oscillating plate sealing ring (27) flows past. Serve to prevent a possible reduction in working pressure then the 2nd piston sealing strip (21) and the cylinder sealing ring (26). The oil control strip (25) prevents the lubricating oil from entering the working space (4).

The cylinder head (10) is sealed by 2 in a row switched transverse sealing strips (24), which by a wave spring (31) on the oscillating plate (6) are pressed (Fig. 1 2 and 13).

In a second version, the springs are in the direction of the seal Piston (1) and cylinder wall (9) dispensed with (Fig.

14). The piston sealing strip (21) is now in one piece and is attached to both Ends in the sealing bolt (28) (Fig. 18), which are in the for receiving the oscillating plate sealing rings (27) provided grooves.

When new, there is a small open gap between the piston sealing strip (21) and vibrating plate sealing ring (27) in front (Fig. 15).

After a certain running-in period, the piston sealing strip (21) settles due to wear on the oscillating plate seal (27) on, i.e. the leak between the piston sealing strip (21) and the oscillating plate sealing ring (27) disappears (Fig.

16). The piston sealing strips are pressed by their own spring action (21) and the oscillating plate sealing rings (27) radially outwards against the cylinder wall (9).

There are 2 piston sealing strips (21) and an oil control strip on the piston (1) (25) to be provided (Fig. 17).

The sealing bolt (28) that forms the working space (4) at the ends of the piston sealing strips (21) seals, can have different shapes and has grooves for receiving the ends of the piston sealing strips (21) on (Fig. 18).

The valves are omitted on the machine with double-working, torsionally oscillating piston for the 2-stroke process.

One piston (1) is used to deliver work, while the other acts as an air delivery piston (20). The pistons initially turn counterclockwise. The piston (1) compresses the one previously supplied by the air supply piston (20) Air or air-fuel mixture (hereinafter referred to simply as 'air') and then the mixture can be ignited.

At the same time, air flows from the air supply space (33) via the overflow duct (34) and openings (35) in the other combustion chamber (32) (Fig. 19).

Over dead center and with the ignition of the combustible mixture the torsional vibration hub (6) rotates clockwise; the piston (1) brushes against the Outlet openings (19) by and the exhaust gas flows out; grazes on the other side the air delivery piston (20) past the inlet openings (18) and air can enter the Flow into the air delivery chamber (33) in which there was previously negative pressure (Fig. 20).

Based on the principle of double-working pistons, 4 are conventional Pistons each with a piston head (3 ') connected directly to one another in an H shape (Fig. 21). The cylinders (2 ') are straight. Each work space (4 ') is an input and a Associated exhaust valve (13 ') and (14') controlled by the camshaft (16) will. The sealing of the working areas corresponds to that of conventional reciprocating piston machines.

The reciprocating movement of the pistons (1 ') can be converted into a rotational movement the crankshaft (12) via a joint (36) with at least 2 degrees of freedom (here through Rotatability of the ball insert and displaceability of the pendulum rod (40)), a rotatably mounted pendulum rod (49) and a connecting rod (15) implemented (Fig. 22).

The pistons (1 ') can also be connected to one another in this way via joints be that they run in pairs in the wrong direction (Fig. 23).

A very compact design allows the crankshaft to be driven directly (12) through the piston (1 ') via a joint (36') with at least 2 degrees of freedom. This joint (36 ') with 2 degrees of freedom consists of a pivot on the crank pin (39) mounted sliding block (38) and one provided in the connecting crossbar (42) Guide link (37) (Fig. 24 and 25).

When the pistons (1 ') are at the top, then the crank pins are (39) and the sliding block (38) also at the top; they are far right or left in the guide link (37) in the middle position of the pistons (1 ') and at the very bottom, when the pistons (1 ') are down.

The valves and camshafts can be dispensed with in the 2-stroke process. The combustion chambers (32 ') and the air supply chambers (33') are arranged diagonally. the Pistons (1 ') go up, compress the left upper combustion chamber (32') and press Air from the upper right air supply space (33 ') via the overflow channel (34') to the lower right combustion chamber (32 '); as a result of the lower left air supply space (33 ') The prevailing negative pressure air is sucked in (Fig. 26).

The pistons (1) move back above top dead center below. The left upper piston (1 ') then exposes the outlet opening (19') and the exhaust gas can flow out (Fig.

27). In the next phase, the overflow opening (35 ') is also free and air can flow over from the lower left air delivery space (33 '). The process repeats itself as described above.

Instead of a construction with a torsional vibration hub (6), two diametrically arranged piston (1) and a lower mounted crankshaft (12) (Fig. 6 and 7), which is flat but high, the machine can be built wider but lower will. For this, the 2 pistons (1) are arranged axially parallel, so that only an arc of the torsional vibration hub (6) is required (Fig. 28 to 30). The mass balancing of the torsionally oscillating mounted torsional oscillating hub arch (41) is easier in that the connecting rod (15) from the opposite end of the torsional vibration hub arch (41) establishes the connection to the crankshaft (12).

Claims (13)

PATENT CLAIMS Working machines with double-working pistons Internal combustion engine, Pump or compressor with double-working pistons (1), which can be rotated or moved in a straight line to and fro within 2 working spaces (4), their back and forth movements for example via a connecting rod (15) or directly via a 2 degree of freedom Joint or via two reversing freewheels in a pure rotational movement a crankshaft (12) or shaft, characterized in that in the case of torsionally oscillating movement - the working spaces (4) on a circular path, i.e. are axially angled to one another, - the wall of the torsional vibration hub (6) in part forms the delimitation of the working spaces (4), - the inlet and outlet valves (13) and (14) of two opposing pistons that do not work as a result of the double action (1) separate work spaces (4) not necessarily at 90 °, but at can be at any angle to each other, - one cam on the camshaft (16) 2 valves from different work spaces (4) are acted upon via levers (17), - the two connecting lines from the camshaft axis to the points of contact Form an angle of 90 "between the cam and the lever (17). 2. Internal combustion engine, pump or compressor with double-acting Pistons (1) that can be rotated or moved in a straight line within 2 working spaces (4) go back and forth, their back and forth movements, for example, via a connecting rod (15) or directly via a joint with two degrees of freedom or via two opposing directions Freewheels in a pure rotational movement of a crankshaft (12) or shaft transfer are, characterized in that in the torsionally oscillating-movable case - the working spaces (4) on a circular path, i.e. are axially angled to one another, - the wall of the torsional vibration hub (6) in part forms the delimitation of the work spaces (4), - each work space (4) Sealing is carried out by sealing strips and rings in the direction of: - Piston (1) because of the Relative movement between piston (1) and cylinder wall (9), - cylinder head (10) because of the relative movement between the cylinder head (10) and the torsional vibration hub (6), - cylinder wall (9) because of the relative movement between the cylinder wall (9) and the torsional vibration hub (6). 3. Working machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the Piston sealing strips (21) made up of a piston sealing strip middle part (22) and 2 piston sealing strip end parts (23), which are inserted or inserted into each other in some way. can be inserted, the piston sealing strip end parts (23) through a resilient element such as a flat spring (30) on the cylinder wall (9) and Torsional vibration hub (6) can also be pressed. 4. Working machine according to claim 2, characterized in that for Sealing of the working spaces (4) in the direction of the cylinder wall (9) with a sealing ring or without a resilient element, such as a wave spring (31), in the cylinder housing (11) and a sealing ring with or without a resilient element embedded in the torsional vibration hub (6) are. 5. Working machine according to claim 2, characterized in that for Improvement of the seal at the ends of the sealing strips, such as the piston sealing strips (21) or the transverse sealing strips (24) of the cylinder head (10); Sealing bolt (28) pushed over which at the same time compensate for the manufacturing tolerances. 6. Internal combustion engine, pump or compressor with double-acting Pistons (1) that can be rotated or moved in a straight line within 2 working spaces (4) reciprocating whose reciprocation exercises a connecting rod, for example (15) or directly via a joint with two degrees of freedom or via two opposing directions Transferring freewheels into a pure rotational movement of a crankshaft (12) or shaft are, characterized in that in the torsionally oscillating-movable case - the working spaces (4) on a circular path, i.e. are axially angled to one another, - the wall of the torsional vibration hub (6) partly forms the demarcation of the work areas (4), - the 2-stroke process - the pistons are not the same size, shape, external diameter must have, - no valves are necessary, - only inlet, outlet, overflow channels and openings (13). (14), (34) and (35) are provided, depending on the position of the piston (1) are covered or uncovered. 7. Working machine according to claim 6, characterized in that - one piston (1) or working space (4) is used to generate work and the other to Delivery of air for the diesel process or of an air-fuel mixture for the Otto process, - The combustion chambers (32) are not the same size, shape as the air supply chambers (33) must have - on the side of the air supply spaces (33) inlet openings (18) the side of the combustion chambers (32) outlet openings (19) in the cylinder wall (9) and on Pistons (1) of air supply spaces (33) overflow openings (35) in the torsional vibration hub (6) can be provided. 8. Working machine according to claim 6, characterized in that - each piston (1) a combustion chamber and an air supply chamber (32) and (33) - the connection between the combustion chamber and air delivery chamber (32) and (33) via at least one overflow channel (34) and overflow openings (35) in the Torsional vibration hub (6) takes place, - the inlet and outlet openings (18) and (19) in the Cylinder wall (9) collapse, - the intake of air or air-fuel mixture and the ejection of exhaust gases from the piston position via a drive and control element, such as toothed belts or chains. 9. Internal combustion engine, pump or compressor with double-acting Pistons (1) that can be rotated or moved in a straight line within 2 working spaces (4) go back and forth, their back and forth movements, for example, via a connecting rod (15) or directly via a joint with two degrees of freedom or via two opposing directions Transferring freewheels into a pure rotational movement of a crankshaft (12) or shaft are, characterized in that in the rectilinear case - the work spaces (4), roughly as in the conventional reciprocating piston engine, in a boxer arrangement i.e. Lie in an H-shape, - the cylinders (2 ') correspond to the conventional ones and are straight, - the distances between the cylinders (2 ') can be of different sizes, - the 4 Pistons (1 ') directly and not fixed or articulated to one another via the crankshaft - the machine as an internal combustion engine according to the 2- or 4-stroke process can work, - to the working spaces (4 ') inlet and outlet valves (13') and (14 ') or inlet and outlet openings (18 ') and (19') are provided. 10. Work machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the The crankshaft drive consists of at least: - a pendulum rod with pivoting bearings (40), whose one end via a joint (36) with 2 degrees of freedom the piston (1 ')) and the other end of which is connected to the connecting rod (15), - a connecting rod (15), - a crankshaft (12). 11. Work machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the Crankshaft (12) directly via a joint (36) with two degrees of freedom with the four pistons (1 ') is connected and driven by these. 12. Internal combustion engine, pump or compressor with double-acting Pistons (1) that can be rotated or moved in a straight line within 2 working spaces (4) go back and forth, their back and forth movements, for example, via a connecting rod (15) or directly via a joint with two degrees of freedom or via two opposing directions Transferring freewheels into a pure rotational movement of a crankshaft (-12) or shaft are, characterized in that in the torsionally oscillating-movable case - the working spaces (4), roughly as in the conventional reciprocating piston engine, in a boxer arrangement i.e. H-shaped and on a circular path, i.e. H. are axially angled to each other, - The cylinders (2 ') correspond to the conventional ones but are curved or arc-shaped are, - the reciprocating movement of the pistons (1 ') via at least one rotationally oscillatable mounted pendulum rod (40) and a connecting rod (15) in the rotational movement the crankshaft (12) is implemented, - the distances between the cylinders (2 ') can be of different sizes, - the 4 pistons (1 ') directly and not via the crankshaft are firmly or articulated to one another, - the machine as an internal combustion engine can work according to the 2 or 4-stroke process, - to the work rooms (4 ') and outlet valves (13 ') and (14') or inlet and outlet openings (18 ') and (19') intended are. 13. Internal combustion engine, pump or compressor with double-working Pistons (1) that can be rotated or moved in a straight line within 2 working spaces (4) go back and forth, their back and forth movements, for example, via a connecting rod (15) or directly via a joint with two degrees of freedom or via two opposing directions Transferring freewheels into a pure rotational movement of a crankshaft (12) or shaft are, characterized in that in the torsionally oscillating-movable case - the working spaces (4) on a circular path, i.e. are axially angled to each other, - only one arc of the torsional vibration hub (6), as a carrier of at least 2 axially parallel pistons (1), rotatable is mounted, - the wall of the torsional oscillation arch (41) in part the delimitation the working spaces (4) form, - the pistons (1) with the torsional vibration hub arch (41) are firmly or articulated, - the machine as an internal combustion engine can work according to the 2 or 4-stroke process, - to the work rooms (4) and outlet valves (13) and (14) or inlet and outlet openings (18) and (19) are provided are.