DE3231148A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MATRIX AND THE ROLLER REELS OF A ROLLER PRESS - Google Patents

Description

Glawe, DeIfs, Moll & Partner - ρ 10515/82 - page ^

Method and device for determining the distance between the die and the pan rollers of a pan press

The invention relates to a method for determining the distance between the surface of the die and the related on the same rolling rollers, mounted in a pan head, of a pan press during operation of the same and a device for determining this distance.

In pan presses, pan rollers roll on one with through-holes provided die. In doing so, material that is on the die is pressed through these holes and compressed in the process. In this way, powdery and dusty materials can be pelletized, that is, compacted in the form of granules.

The application of such mulling presses is diverse. The advantages are, for example, the avoidance of dust losses in the case of the granulated material, improvement of the flow and metering properties, reduction of the storage volume, Prevention of segregation in the case of raw materials composed of different components and like that. Such mulling presses can be used, for example, in the animal feed industry. But also waste products can be used in a variety of ways with the help of such pan presses.

When the pan press is in operation, there is always a layer of material between the die and pan roller. the The thickness of this material layer has a decisive influence

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the properties of the finished granules or pellets. This thickness must therefore be known during operation be. With many pan mills, the thickness of this material layer, i.e. the distance between pan rollers and die surface can also be regulated during operation. In this case it is particularly important to be able to measure this distance during operation.

Devices for measuring the distance, which correspond to the conventional measurement of distances, would have to be very complicated Have structure, because either the pan head rotates with the pan rollers or the die. So it should the distance between two parts rotating relative to one another can be measured. Such distance measuring devices would be very prone to failure for the same reason.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple method and a simple device of the type mentioned at the beginning Kind of measuring the distance between pan rollers and die surface to create that or the is easy and inexpensive to carry out or to manufacture and that or which works reliably.

The solution according to the invention consists in a method that characterized in that with a sensor one of an activating element cooperating with the sensor assumed effective angle of rotation range, which is dependent on the distance to be determined, is measured, the sensor with one and the Aktivxerungselement connected to the other of the machine elements consisting of die and pan roller and that the distance is calculated from this measured value.

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An activation element is attached to one of the machine elements and a sensor to the other. The activation element rotates relative to the sensor. Each time the activation element passes over the sensor, the angle of rotation range of the activation element is measured in the area of the sensor, that is, the width of the present here
Activation element. If the activation element now has different dimensions in the direction of the distance to be measured, for example an acute-angled course, the sensor sweeps over areas of the activation element of different widths when the distance changes. The measured width of the activation element is a measure of the distance between pan roller and die surface.

The practical measurement can be carried out so that the transit time of the activation element before
Sensor is measured. If the constant rotation time of the pan head is known, the effective width of the activation element can be determined therefrom. If the speed of rotation of the pan head changes even slightly (for example due to load fluctuations), the transit time can be compared with the time for the rotation by measuring both times.

A device according to the invention through which the task
is solved, is characterized in that it has a sensor and an activating element interacting with them, that the sensor is connected to one and the activating element is connected to the other of the machine elements consisting of the die and pan roller, that the activating element expands in its direction of movement Operation of the muller press that is in a
direction perpendicular to the surface of the die varies, and that means for determining the direction of the sensor

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detected expansion of the activation element and for calculating the distance from this value are provided.

The method and device can be used, for example, in so-called flat die presses, in which the in Roll the pan rollers arranged on a pan head on a flat die. If the die is fixed and it rotates Kollerkopf, the sensors are expediently connected to the die (for example, arranged in the housing) , while the activation elements on the roller head are attached to the scrapers, for example. Stands the pan head is still and the die rotates, it is advisable to swap sensors and activation elements, because it is easier to arrange the sensors on a stationary machine element.

With the machine empty, the pan rollers can now be brought into contact with the die and an adjustment can be made make the distance zero. If the distance is changed, the effective width of the changes as mentioned Activation elements, from which the distance can then be calculated.

Method according to the invention and device according to the invention however, they are not limited to flat die presses. You're also in the case of ring die presses applicable, in which a plurality of pan rollers arranged on a pan head within an annular Die are arranged, with the material arranged inside the ring then through the pan rollers radial bores of the die ring is pressed outwards. One is doing the sensors on the fixed, the Attach activation elements to the rotating part (both the ring die and the roller head can use the rotating

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Be part of). The attachment of the measuring elements on the Kollerkopf must of course be done so that you Location changes with the location of the pan rollers when the distance is changed. So are to increase the distance If the pan rollers are moved inwards between the die and pan rollers, the measuring elements (sensors or Activation elements) can also be moved inwards.

The function with which the effective width of the activation element varies depending on the distance in the direction of the distance, can be arbitrary per se. To the evaluation and to make calculation easier, the width will, however, depend linearly on the distance. In this case it is expedient if the activation element is delimited in a straight line in the area interacting with the sensor. The activation element can in particular be plate-shaped and in the area that interacts with the sensor have two side edges abutting at an angle.

In many cases, on the other hand, it will be advantageous if the activation element interacts with the sensor Area with side edges is provided with such a shape that the effective extension of the activation element is non-linear in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the die varies. This means, for example, that critical distance ranges can be set during the measurement itself and not just during the Evaluation of the measurements are spread.

In theory, one activation element and one sensor are sufficient. However, conditions are conceivable under which the Kollerkopf does not run quite evenly. In order to avoid problems of the distance measurement with such an out-of-round run

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den, two activation elements and / or two sensors can be provided, which then expediently on diametrically opposite positions are provided. However, more than two activation elements and / or sensors can be provided, which is particularly useful when two elements because of the number of pan rollers or the like cannot be arranged diametrically opposite one another.

The sensors can be microswitches, for example. In order to avoid problems that these switches are also activated by the The material to be processed could be actuated, the sensors can scan without contact. as Examples of such non-contact scanning are inductive scanning, capacitive scanning, microwave scanning, Called ultrasonic scanning, electromagnetic scanning, and pneumatic scanning. Optical scanning too and laser scanning can be used in cases where the light path is not interrupted by dust can.

The effective angular extent of the activation element can be determined in a particularly simple manner if during the activation period of the sensor a measuring frequency is counted in a counter. The count is then a measure of that Angular width if the rotational frequency of the muller press is known.

However, the speed of the mulling press can deviate a little from the rated speed in the event of load fluctuations, which in this case an inaccurate display would result. It can therefore be provided that the measuring frequency with the Frequency of rotation of the mulling press is synchronized or is generated from the same by frequency multiplication. You could do this on the drive shaft of the roller press

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Arrange an electrical signal generator, which emits an electrical signal with each revolution, which then multiplies in frequency will.

The new measurement result can be converted into the effective width or the same as the distance in millimeters at the moment of the measurement are displayed. It can be avoided that only briefly during the measurement itself or after the same, a measured value is displayed if the previous measured value is displayed at the start of a new count, the counter is set to zero and counted again. It will then be the measured value until it appears of a new measured value is displayed.

If mean values are formed from different measurements and displayed, then there is an uncomfortable jumping back and forth avoided between different values in the event that the muller press is not exactly symmetrical respectively runs smoothly.

The measured distance will normally be shown on an appropriate display. But he hann too to control the press, e.g. to change the distance to a predetermined value or to change the material feed be used.

In addition, the distance measurement can be used to measure and / or display the wear of pan rollers and dies. If, after a certain period of operation, the pan rollers move up to the die again to adjust the zero distance, a negative distance is determined due to wear, since the pan head or the axes of the pan rollers are closer the die can be approached than before Wear was possible. This negative distance corresponds precisely to the wear and tear.

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The invention will be described in the following, for example, with reference to the accompanying drawings based on advantageous Embodiments described. Show it:

Figure 1 in a side view, partially in cross section

and partly broken away, a flat die roller press with the device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows the activation element in plan view; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an electronic

Circuit for measuring the distance; and

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of another

electronic circuit.

As shown in FIG. 1, a flat die 2, which is provided with bores 3, is attached to a machine frame 1 through which the material compressed by pan rollers 4 is pressed. The source material, which can be dust-like, for example, is filled in through the opening 5 in the housing 6 from above. That Housing 6 is also attached to the machine frame 1.

In a manner not shown in the figure, a turntable 27 is rotatably attached to the machine frame 1, which with a corresponding drive is not shown in connection. This turntable 27 with an associated vertical shaft can be rotated by the drive about a vertical axis in FIG.

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A roller head 8 is attached to the upright shaft 7 in such a way that it cannot rotate relative to the upright shaft 7 (i.e. can only rotate with the same), but is axially displaceable on the vertical shaft 7. He is doing this by springs 9 pushed up. Its upward movement is controlled by a hydraulic nut 10 and spacer rings 11 limited. With the help of the spacer rings 11, the height of the pan head 8 can be roughly adjusted by the Spacer rings 11 are selected or replaced accordingly. By pressing in or draining of hydraulic fluid via the line 12 into the hydraulic nut 10, the fine adjustment of the height of the pan head 8 are made against the action of the springs 9, whereby the distance between pan rollers 4 and Surface of the die 2 can be regulated. The pan rollers are attached to the pan head 8 on axles 13, that they can rotate freely about these horizontal axes and thus when the roller head 8 rotates about his roll the vertical axis on the die or the material layer. They're still with corrugations respectively Material receiving grooves 14 provided to the pressing process to facilitate.

The pressed material passes in strand form through the holes 3 of the die 2 and is through breaking devices 28, the rotate with the roller head, divided into sections.

On a scraper 15, which also rotates with the pan head 8 and through the excess material from the Wall of the housing 6 is to be removed, a plate-shaped activation element 16 is arranged with a sensor 17 fastened in the housing wall together

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acts. With each rotation, element 16 activates the sensor 1 7. as long as it passes over the same. Since it tapers towards the top, for example triangular Structure (Fig. 2), the time that the sensor is activated is shorter, the deeper the pan head 8 is arranged, that is, the smaller the distance between the pan rollers and the surface of the die 2. The measured by the sensor 17 Time during which the activation element 16 over him sweeps away, can be forwarded with a line 18 to an electronic evaluation circuit, with the then the distance between pan rollers and die surface is calculated and displayed.

The zero setting takes place {taking into account the fact that pan rollers and die wear out} by the fact that the pan rollers initially come into contact with be brought to the die surface. It then becomes the calculated distance depending on the width of the activation element adjusted to zero. If the distance in which the pan head 8 is moved upwards is then increased, changes With a suitable electronic circuit, the display will correspond to the actual distance value. This distance can then also be read during operation. It just needs to be used in periods of wear and tear depend on the zero value to be set again. Such an adjustment is only made in exceptional cases may be necessary more than once a day. The change in the zero value can be used to calculate and display the Wear and tear are used.

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Since only the time is measured to display the distance and thus the layer thickness of the pressed material During which the activation element passes over the sensor, the evaluation electronics can be kept simple will. While the sensor 17 by the activation element is activated, in the circuit of FIG. 3, a frequency generator 19 sends a fixed frequency to the input of an electronic Clock counter 20 switched. The three outputs of the cycle counter switch a subsequent pulse counter 21. The pulse counter has an adding counter 22 and a display memory 23. The first output of the clock counter 20 brings the current count of the counter 22 into the display memory 23, and the pulse sets the counter 22 of the pulse counter 21 to zero. The third pulse switches the other pulses to the input of the counter 22, the the incoming pulses are added until the sensor switches off the measuring frequency and sets the clock counter 20 to zero.

When the sensor releases the measuring frequency again, a new measuring cycle begins. If the speed of the Press, the measuring frequency can be synchronized with the speed in order to eliminate measuring errors. It is also possible, to generate the measuring frequency by the revolutions of the press itself, for example by means of appropriate clock generators with frequency multipliers.

For different types of material to be pressed, dies of different thicknesses are used. This shifts the reference point of the measurement. An electronic compensation of the zero point shift can be implemented, by arranging a further counter in front of the counter 22 which fades out an adjustable number of pulses. End range adjustment can be achieved by changing the frequency of the frequency generator 19.

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In Figure 4, the use of a microprocessor is shown, by which all the tasks just mentioned are taken over and the adjustment work can be automated. Two sensors are provided, namely one sensor 17a for the upper limit and a sensor 17b for the lower Limit of the measuring range in front of the activation element 16. Both sensors are via a corresponding input circuit 24 connected to the microprocessor 25. An input 26 for the adjustment signal is also provided. if the press is switched on and is still working empty with no material to be pressed, the adjustment process is carried out by pressing a button or triggered automatically. The microprocessor 25 measures the switching time of the upper and lower sensor, stores the values and assigns them to the respective measuring range end values. The processor then switches the lower sensor and only measures the switching time of the upper sensor. This becomes with the previously determined limit values the measured value is determined. One of the sensors can also be used to determine the speed. With the so certain 'speed, the measurement of the angular extent of the activation element 16 and thus the distance of the Pan rollers 4 can be corrected and / or refined by the die 2.

The setting for the wear measurement can be adjusted with a further button 29. The wear and tear from wear and tear is determined by the change in the zero point of the distance that occurs when pan rollers 4 and Die 2 can be brought into contact again after some operating time. The latest measured values for distance (i.e. layer thickness of the pressed material), wear and tear and speed can be displayed on displays 30,31 and 32 will.

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Claims (18)

Claims 1. } Method for determining the distance between the surface of the die and the roller rollers of a roller press, which roll in relation to it and are mounted in a roller head, during operation of the same, characterized in that with a sensor (17) one of a sensor ( 17) cooperating activation element (16) occupied, dependent on the distance to be determined effective angle of rotation range is measured, whereby the sensor (17) is connected to one and the activation element (16) to the other of the machine elements consisting of die (2) and pan roller (4) is, and that the distance is calculated from this measured value. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transit time of the activation element (16) before the sensor (17) is measured. Glawe, DeIfs, Moll & Partner - ρ 10515/82 - page Z 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the transit time compared with the time for one revolution of the pan head (8) or the die (2) will. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that it is used to measure the wear of pan rollers (4) and die (2). 5. Device for determining the distance between the surface of the die and that in relation to the same unrolling pan rollers of a pan press mounted in a pan head during operation of the same, characterized in that it has a sensor (17) and an activation element cooperating with this (16) has that the sensor (17) with a and the activation element (16) with the other of the machine elements consisting of the die (2) and pan roller (4) is connected that the activation element (16) an expansion in its direction of movement when Operation of the mulling press which varies in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the die (2), and that Devices (18-26) for determining the from the sensor (17) detected expansion of the activation element and provided for calculating the distance from this value are. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the activation element (16) in with the sensor (17) cooperating area is limited in a straight line. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the activation element (16) interacting with the sensor (17) Area has an effective extent that V; - "" ■ i- "; ^: . ■ - ..; 3231U8 Glawe, DeIfs, Moll & Partner - ρ 10515/82 - page varies nonlinearly in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the die. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the activation element (16) is plate-shaped and in the with the sensor cooperating area has two side edges colliding at an angle. 9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that that two activation elements (16) and / or sensors (17) are provided. 10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that that more than two activation elements (16) and / or sensors (17) are provided. 11. Device according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that that the sensors (17) on the stationary and the activation elements (16) on the rotating from Die (2) and roller roller (4) existing machine elements are attached. 12. Device according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that that the scanning by the sensors (17) takes place without contact. 13. Device according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized that a measuring frequency is counted in a counter (20, 21) during the activation period of the sensor (17). 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the measuring frequency is synchronized with the rotational frequency of the roller press or from the same by frequency multiplication is produced. Glawe, Delfs, Moll & Partner - ρ 10 515/82 - page <f 15. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that at the beginning of a new count the previous measured value is displayed, the counter (21) to zero is set and counted again. 16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized characterized in that mean values are formed from various measurements and displayed. 17. Device according to one of claims 5 to 16, characterized characterized in that the evaluation is carried out by means of a microprocessor (25) and additionally one automatic adjustment for the zero point and the final range is carried out by the microprocessor (25) two measuring times of two in the intended measuring range attached sensors (17a, 17b) queried and processed. 18. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that Devices for determining the wear of pan rollers (4) and die (2) when the dies (2) and Koller rollers (4) can be activated, and a display (31) is provided for the last determined wear. . ·. yO