DE3218912C1 - Device for producing an application layer made of material mixtures on an application surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing an application layer made of concrete, mortar or similar material mixtures on application surfaces of structures, such as for example tunnels, bunker constructions and the like, the material mixture mixed with water being imparted an adjustable speed, the mixture being conveyed through the air, compacted by impact on the application surface and then partially adhering there and setting. The aim of the invention is to produce a device for implementing the method of the type mentioned in the introduction, with which, as a result of a lower rebound quantity, an accurate material mixture dosing, better compaction, distribution and thus a reliable quality of the application layer can be achieved. This aim is essentially achieved according to the invention by the material mixture being transferred into a rotary path before being conveyed through the air and then being thrown, directed against the application surface, under the action of centrifugal forces. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing an application layer from concrete. Mortar or a similar mixture of substances on walls, floors. Üeckenod3r other application surfaces, consisting of at least one rotor which has at least one blade and which is mounted in at least one end wall of a housing surrounding it like a drum. wherein the housing is provided with an inlet opening for the supply of the substance mixture and with an outlet opening for the substance mixture to be ejected from the rotor.
A known device of this type according to DE-PS 4 67 073 has two centrifugal wheels arranged one above the other in a housing. One of them picks up the substance mixture at low speed through a side access opening and feeds it to the centrifugal wheel at high peripheral speed. The substance mixture is then thrown through a funnel-shaped outlet opening from the conveyor wheel with the greater peripheral speed outwards onto a support surface (not shown). This device

has the disadvantage of having two centrifugal wheels and two drives, in addition to a large mechanical effort afflicted that the lower peripheral speed of a centrifugal wheel on the higher peripheral speed of the second impeller despite the same throwing direction in the tangential area between the two Blast wheels with the interposition of the mixture of substances exerts a braking effect. This braking effect does not require. only a higher operating energy but ultimately leaves that exerted on the mixture of substances Centrifugal forces as well as those ejected per unit of time Amount of the mixture of substances by chance. Because although the space between the first centrifugal wheel and the housing in the direction of the tangential area between the two centrifugal wheels like a triangle expanded, experiences this expansion in the immediate tangential area through the two centrifugal wheels Narrowing, which creates a backwater. This backwater effect is caused by the funnel-shaped narrowing The outlet opening is reinforced. If one applies here the continuity equation for incompressible media and if you pay attention to the higher peripheral speed of the first centrifugal wheel, it simply remains a matter of chance leave the amount of each rotation of the two centrifugal wheels through their tangential area because the blade position of the two wheels changes with each other with each revolution. That in turn leads to uneven ejected quantities of mixtures of substances, and thus uneven Compression and distribution and thus also to an unreliable quality of the coating layer.

Another known device of the type mentioned according to DE-OS 29 37 324 also has two rotors arranged one above the other in a box-shaped housing, of which the rotor closest to the inlet opening for the mixture of substances is driven at a lower peripheral speed than the rotor associated with the outlet opening. Since the rotors should also rotate in the same direction, this creates considerable opposing frictional forces in the tangential area of the two rotors, which leads to good mixing, but also to considerable wear and high drive loads. The space between the box-shaped housing and the two rotors narrows erichterlörmi; ' towards the exit opening. This means that backwater is inevitable. Since the first rotor also always conveys part of the mixture of substances in the direction of the inlet opening and its peripheral speed is lower than that of the second rotor. Here, too, the amount of substance that escapes is left to chance. The tough wedge of the mixture of substances is also of considerable importance with regard to the backwater effect and the return transport through the first rotor. Due to the different exit quantity of the slurry mixture through the exit opening, given a assumed uniform movement per unit of time of the entire device, uniform compression and distribution and thus a reliable quality of the application list can be achieved.

An even compression. Distribution and quality the Aiiftragsschichl can also not with the well-known Fuel / devices can be achieved that were previously in the Usually were used. Thereby (/. B in the so-called "• dry spraying process") with the dry or semi-wet (5 to 8 ",. Moisture) Fuel / wise the mixture of substances with high air pressure in a mixing ratio of 1: 100 and more through a transport line up to printed to an outlet nozzle and sprayed from there onto an application surface. Just before the outlet nozzle water is added to give the mixture its consistency and later strength. Here can

ι the given mixing recipe, which is to be followed by the later The strength and quality of the application layer are decisive, either not at all or only very incompletely understood because the mixture is ultimately left to the fate of the Geiaterführer. Because both

In the case of concrete, for example, the oven-dry cement is not able to absorb water instantaneously. An appropriate addition of water can only succeed through intensive, temporal mixing. Therefore, depending on the type of spraying device, 5% to 8 "water proportions are added to the total mixture. However, this proportion of water cannot wet all cement parts. The additional addition of water within seconds while the substance mixture is flowing through the nozzle opening is sufficient for complete wetting of the cement paste not au ^r r the adverse Foige is that the non-heated Zerhcrtpartikcl Sm mixture are not present and affect thus the strength and quality of the coating layer and cause an enormous dust nuisance. the preparation of a <\. uftragsschicht of concrete, mortar or similar Sioffgemischen designed to Particularly difficult when high-quality concretes with a grain size of up to 30 mm, e.g. for tunnel construction, or semi-wet spraying methods with * .water content are used

JU of 5 'j! S 8% cause such a high level of dust pollution that even with the best ventilation no humane workplace can be created.

But also with regard to the strength and the quality of the application layer, the well-known, so-called "dry spraying" relevant seduction and devices give rise to considerable complaints. Because as is well known cement particles swell when water is added. This makes the cement paste stickier when the water liner: ung can act over a sufficiently long period of time.

This sticking effect is also a function of time. He will lei the familiar procedures and spray equipment not enough due to the short water exposure time utilized. However, it is precisely this adhesive effect that determines the general sprayability of the mixture of substances. their strength, the amount of rebound, the thickness of the application and the spray performance. The adhesive strength of the Mixtures of substances are therefore of fundamental importance for the known spray devices. An increase the adhesive strength of such a mixture of substances is only then

5 "to achieve when using it to achieve its strength the required amount of water is produced and also actually on the relevant application area gciarut. . '. ο is, for example, the rebound amount at known spray devices depending on the grain size and Reinforcement anil up to 50%. By this vsrlorene, The rebound amount that can no longer be used is the one that is decisive for the strength of concrete Large grain fraction lost.

In the well-known "dry spray" devices, the -M scr Art. /. B. according to Fig.! to 3 of DE-GM 76 25 516, the premixed Sioffgemlsch with the help of Dosing chambers or rotors supplied to a compressed air flow. The mixture of substances is then released from the compressed air conveyed through a material hose into a spray nozzle. The compressed air forces increase with the transport distance and are allowed to avoid Vjrstopfern in the The position should not be below 3 to 5 bar. The material speed is depending on the grain size and the addition

Suitable hose cross-sections from 150 km / h to 300 km / h. which is a speed of approx. 42 ni / sec to 8.1 m / sec is equivalent to. The pipe and hose wear is correspondingly high. The energy costs for the press shoulder / eu are also extremely cost-effective, since compressed air is the most expensive energy source. In winter there is / u Danger of icing of the compressed air units. Demand afterwards the accident prevention regulations for such concrete spraying for the Geraelftihrer a freshly air ventilated Helmet or a breathing mask against the otherwise unbearable dust nuisance and the associated Risk of sickness.

But also the so-called "wet spraying process" according to I-ig. 4 of the aforementioned DL-UM 76 25 516 there to significant complaints anIaIl. Admittedly joins this procedure is a nuisance to the previously described Kind of not up. however, it requires an increased machine requirement / wipe a reservoir and the fuel / hose another screw conveyor, a silo and a mixer required. From the latter mixer, the wet mix is by means of Compressed air is pressed through the fuel / hose at high speed. There is also one here in winter Danger of icing up of the press lult aggregates. furthermore are the Rebound quantities as well as the additional energy costs relatively high for the operation of the mixer.

From the aforementioned Vorrichiungsgaitung On the basis of the invention, the object is to develop a device of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that that while maintaining good mixing of the Sioffgemisches also a uniform, reliable and low-energy application of a Sioffgemisches without internal backwater effects is ensured and due to a lower rebound amount an exact mixture of substances. better earnings and distribution and thus a uniform quality of the layers can be guaranteed.

This object is made according to the invention in connection with a device of the type mentioned at the beginning solved in that the device only one - »o Has rotor which is formed by a plurality of blades. which at their ends with one end face of the Rotor forming disk are connected that the Lintriltsöffung for the sloff mixture consists of a conveying pipe, the mouth of which is connected to the drum of the housing one end face penetrates centrally, and which carries the drum and on which a first bearing of the rotor is arranged. and that the rotor at its second end opposite the inlet opening second camp au ^ veist. which one in the drum of the so Housing is arranged.

With such a device this becomes continuous Mixture of substances conveyed by the rotor from a translational to a rotational path without a back pressure effect promoted and then thrown under the action of centrifugal forces directed at the application surface. The centrifugation creates a homogeneous mixture of substances with the required water content achieved, which then reaches the application surface at a significantly lower impact speed. Through this not only is the rebound amount reduced, but the mixture of substances is also compressed more favorably and due to its homogeneity is qualitatively improved considerably. The backwater effect is excluded and with a uniform movement of the housing, which contains only one rotor, results in a completely uniform application layer achieved with consistent quality. Since the device contains only one rotor, it is also accordingly easily and by a full 360 in all Rotatable levels. With this new device you can steel fiber concretes with a steel fiber length of up to 50 mm are also manufactured and processed for the first time. By Hedgehogs or nests cannot escape the continuous flow of even relatively long fibers. there the steel loops through the rotating roller blades hjsser aligned parallel to the blades of the rotor will.

Finally, with the new device, considerably larger amounts of the clumping mixture can also be discharged are, as is known with, not with rotors a.the enclosed spray / device is the case. Because during in the case of the latter, to achieve a minimum pressure of 3 to 5 bar and a material speed of at least 42 m / sec to increase the amount of mixed material in the nozzle cross-section and, to the same extent, the thrust would have to be increased, only need the speed for centrifugation with the new device and / or to enlarge the outlet opening of the centrifuge in question. The flow rate is thereby of Sloffgeniisches, for example, with one Calculation comparison reduced from the previous 42 m / sec to approx. 3 m / sec.

According to an advantageous development of the device the first bearing for the rotor is made up of a combination of plain and ball bearings. Between This second bearing and its second end face is the rotor with a coaxial shaft stub provided on which a gear stage, z. B. a V-belt pulley or a gear that is disordered. the one on the outside of the drum in a housing housed motor is drivable. It goes without saying that, as an alternative, the motor can also be connected directly to the stub shaft can be coupled. For example, with such a device at an engine speed of 600 revolutions per minute and an output of 20 kW, a volume of 4 m 'concrete per hour is ejected will.

The blades of the rotor have a at their ends Angle flange on. with which they have releasable connecting means, e.g. B. via screws attached to the discs are. The blades can have the shape of flat plates as well as their height with be provided with a curvature.

To selectively transport the mixture of substances as well as continuously increasing peripheral speed from the inlet to the outlet from the rotor, the blades are over their entire length from the mouth of the conveyor pipe in the direction of the outlet in the ^M> Antel the drum wound.

In order to allow sufficient time for the mixture of substances to mix in the rotor as well as to The conveying pipe projecting centrally into the drum and the rotor is to avoid impulse surges on the rotor with notched blades in its penetration area in the axial direction completely or partially by a The baffle plate is closed and provided with a radial opening as an inlet for the mixture of substances into the rotor. Due to the radial exit from the delivery pipe as a result of the baffle plate, the mixture of substances leaves the delivery pipe in radial direction to the drum shell. Then the mixture of substances is grabbed by the blades on which it is moves radially in the direction of the drum shell until it reaches a sufficient 'peripheral speed and centrifugal force is thrown out through the outlet in the drum shell. To before the To be able to add additives to the discharge is in the

10

15th

20th

25th

30th

A pipeline is attached to the interior of the conveying pipe, whose outlet openings are in the vicinity of the radial opening of the delivery pipe. In principle, however, an additive, e.g. B. water, too be added before the mouth of the delivery pipe. It goes without saying, however, that then the Pressure in the pipeline higher than the In tier delivery line his mub.

The whole of rotor mil motor drive, drum and conveyor pipe existing device is advantageous over a per se known, hydraulic and / or Pneumatically operated hoist can be swiveled and moved.

In the following the invention is based on the In the Embodiments shown in the drawings and a coating layer produced therewith described in more detail. It shows

Fig. 1 'J! E view of a ^five- dimensional view of the new device with rotor, drum, motor and conveyor pipe.

Flg. 2 shows a sectional view along the line II / II from FIG Flg. I,

3 shows a sectional view along the line III / III from FIG FIg!.

F I g. 4 is a sectional view along the line IV / IV of FIG Flg. 1,

Fig. 5 to 7 different blade shapes of the rotor approximately corresponding to the view of the line V / V,

8 shows the view of a shovel according to FIG. 5,

Fig. 9:! He sectional view along the line IX / IX from Flg. 8th.

Fig. 10 shows an application example of the device according to FIGS. 1 to 9 on a hydraulic and / or pneumatically operated lifting gear arranged on a truck so that it can be pivoted and moved is,

FIG. II shows a sectional view of an application layer with embedded steel lasers, the layers of which are offset by approximately 90 "from one another, and

12 shows an X-ray image through a cube of a Application layer from Flg. 11th

The new device 1 according to Flg. 1 to 4 essentially consists of one on a bearing 2 rotatably mounted, at least one blade 3 having rotor 4 and from a drum surrounding it 5. A delivery pipe 7 with a water pipeline 8 is arranged coaxially with the bearing axis 6 of the rotor 4. on The rotor 4 and the drum 5 are mounted on the stable conveying pipe 7 as follows:

On the three disks 10, U, 12 made of plastic and forming a slide bearing 9 there is a ball bearing 13 rotatably arranged. The plastic 12 of the sliding bearing 9 is via several screws 14 with a to Rotor 3 belonging disk 15 screwed. The outer ring 16 of the ball bearing 13 is supported by a ring 17 held, which is connected to the end face 19 of the drum 5 with a plurality of screws 18.

The rotor 4 consists of a total of four blades 3, which point in the direction of the outlet 20 in the drum 5 are twisted.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 8 and 9, each blade 3 is provided with an angled flange 21 provided, the several holes 22 for attachment using the screws 23 {3. Fig.!) On another Has disk 24. A corresponding fastening opening 22 is also located at the other end of the blade 3. In addition, each blade 3 is on

40 Your inner edge area 25 notched at the height of the conveyor pipe 7. The inner surface 26 (see Flg. I) of the jacket

27 of the drum 5 and the surface area facing it

28 of the blades 3 have replaceable wear pads 29, 30 provided, for example mitteis screws 31 or rivets 32 fs. Flg. 8) are attached.

According to FIG. 1, the disk 24 of the rotor 4 is flange-like and has a stub shaft 33. A gear stage is located on the stub shaft 33 34 In the form of a V-belt pulley, its cellular belt 35 driven via a starting 36 of a motor 37 will. The stub shaft 33 is flanged in a second, to the second end face 38 of the drum 5 Bearing 39 stored. The motor 37 is housed in a housing 40, which in turn with the jacket 27 of the drum 5 is connected.

As can be seen from FIGS. I and 2, the conveyor pipe 7 is at its free end by a Praiipiaite 4i sealed, irü jacket of the pipe 7 is on the other hand, a radial opening 42 is arranged for the substance mixture to exit. Furthermore is in the interior 43 of the conveying pipe 7, the pipeline 8, which in the vicinity of the radial outlet opening 42 with several Outlet openings 44 is provided.

In contrast to the flat blades 3 of Flg. ! to 4 (see in particular Flg. 4 and 5) the shape of the blades 3 'and 3 "according to the FI g. 6 and 7 of this. So is the shape of the blades 3 ' According to FIG. 6, it is convex to its area facing the key supports 29 on the drum shell 27 curved. The same also applies to the blades 3 "in Embodiment of Flg. 7. In this embodiment of FIG. 7, however, two are each diametrical opposite blades 3 ″ in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry 6 with one another to form a blade cross tied together. Otherwise the same parts are provided with the same keys.

The functioning of the new device is as follows based on Flg. 1 and 10:

According to FIG. 10, the entire device 1 is on a known hydraulically and / or pneumatically operated hoist 45 pivotable and movable attached. In the case shown, the hoist 45 is arranged on a truck 46 with a control stand 47. The entire device 1 1st at the free end 48 of the hoist 45 z. B. by means of one or more Universal joints, not shown, are arranged in two planes offset by 90 ° from one another so that they can each be pivoted through 360 °.

According to Fig. I is a not shown, to the Förde'rohr 7 connected transport line a mixture of substances Pressed into the delivery pipe 7 by compressed air. The mixture of substances then reaches the baffle plate 41, in the vicinity of which the outlet openings 44 of the pipeline 8 are arranged, through which, for example, additional water. Schnellbinder or the like. Can be added. From the baffle plate 41, which is shown in FIG. 2 on your The inner surface can also be provided with a wear pad 57, the mixture then passes through the radial one Opening 42 in the rotor 4, which rotates with its four blades 3 around the conveyor pipe 7. By the rotor 4 a peripheral speed is given to the mixture of substances, the greater the further the mixture of substances reaches the outer periphery of the individual blades 3. Since the blades 3 over their entire length are twisted between the disks 15 and 24 of the rotor 4 in the direction of the outlet 20, leads the mixture of substances also an axial movement towards the

Disk 24 and thus aul 'don exit 211 out. At the Exit 20 is the substance geniisch due to the acting Centrifugal forces hurled in the direction of the arrow 49 onto the application surface 50 shown in FIG. 10, which in the illustrated lall consists of a tunnel ceiling. Due to the fact that in two L-planes by 360 each existing pivotable wedge in the direction of double arrows 58 and 59 of I-ig. 10 of the device 1 the outlet opening 21) can point to any point of the (laugh of the tunnel 51 and this can be provided with a corresponding application layer 52 in this way. It goes without saying that the job shifts too can consist of a fiber layer.

The positions of the individual laser layers are shown in I-ig II and 12. Thereby are in the materialgcniisch 53 differently oriented layers 54, 55 of steel fibers 56 embedded. The layer 55 is thereby tiergesielli. dall tiic device! Please feel free to join us the steel lasers initially in that shown in Fig. H) Location thrown out. If the device 1 is then offset by 90 in the same dental plane Pivoted position in the direction of double arrow 59, the alignment of the steel lasers takes place in accordance with position 54 of FIG.

“Method and device
for the production of an application layer

from sloff mixtures
on an application area "

Parts list:

contraption

camp

shovel

rotor

drum

Bearing axis

Delivery pipe

Water pipeline

bearings

Discs

ball-bearing

3. 3 '. y 4

It). II. 12, 15. 24
13th

Kunslsloffrlng

Screws

Outer ring

ring

Front side

exit

Angle flange

Drilling

Inner edge area

Inner surface

a coat

Flat area
'SchleillauMage

rivet

Shaft stub

Gear stage
- "V-belt

Aniriebss'.ule

engine

camp
y, housing

Baffle plate

radial opening

inner space
j ,, outlet opening

Hoist

Trucks

Steering position

_r free linden \ on
Ik'be / eug 45

arrow

Output surface

tunnel

Aullragsschk'ht

Sioffge. mix

Layers / layers

Steel laser
^4> double arrow

14. 18. 23.

16

19th

20th

21

2?

25th

26th

27

28

29. 30. 5 "

32

33

35

36

37

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54.

56

58.

In addition 8 sheets of drawings

Claims (16)

Patent claims: 1. Device for producing an application layer from concrete, mortar or the like Mixture of substances on wall, floor, ceiling or other application surfaces, consisting of at least one at least one rotor having a blade, which is drum-like in at least one end wall of a rotor surrounding housing is mounted, the housing having an inlet opening for the supply of the Mixture of substances and with an outlet opening for the mixture of substances to be ejected from the rotor is provided, characterized in that the device has only one rotor (4), which of a plurality of blades (3, 3 ', 3 ") is formed, each of which has an end cord (15, 24) at its ends. of the rotor (4) forming disc (15, 24) are connected that the inlet opening (42) for the substance mixture consists of a conveying pipe (7), the mouth of which is uie trornrne! (5) of the housing on one end (15) penetrates centrally, and which carries the drum (5) and on which a first bearing (2) of the Rotor (4) is arranged, and that the rotor (4) at its opposite the inlet opening (42) second end (24) has a second bearing (39) which is arranged in the drum (5) of the housing is. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the first bearing (2) for the rotor (4) consists of a combination; 'on of a slide (9) and ball bearing (13) is formed. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor W> between its second end (24) and the second bearing (39) is provided with a coaxial stub shaft (33) on which a gear runner (34). / B. a V-belt pulley or a toothed wheel, which can be driven by a motor (37) accommodated in a housing (40) on the outside of the drum (5). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotor (4) between its second end (24) and the second bearing (39) has a coaxial shaft stub (33) which is directly coupled to the motor (37). 5. Device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the blades (3, 3 '. 3 ") have an angle flange (21, 2Γ) at their ends, with which they have releasable connecting means, such as screws (22). Rivets or the like on the washers (15, 24) are attached. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the blades (3) have the shape of planes Have plates. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the blades (3 '. 3 ") over their Height are provided with a curvature. 8. Device according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the blades (3) with their longitudinal axis (6) of symmetry of the rotor (4) facing Liingskanle overlap each other and the angled flange (21) notched at this point are. 9. Device according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the blades (3 ") in the Near the symmetry longitudinal axis (6) of the rotor (4) Sinti connected their long edges to one another 10. Device according to claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the blades (3, 3 ', 3 ") over its entire length from the point of penetration of the delivery pipe (7) in the direction of the outlet (20) are twisted in the jacket (27) of the drum (5). 11. Device according to claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the rotor (4) with four blades (3, 3 ', 3 ") offset by 90 ° to one another are provided. 12. Device according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the conveyor pipe (7) is central protrudes into the drum (5) and the rotor (4), the blades (3, 3 '. 3 ") in the penetration area of the Conveyor pipe (7) are notched and the conveyor pipe (7) in the axial direction completely or partially closed by a baffle plate (41) and with a radial Opening (42) as an inlet for the Sioffverbindungen in the Rotor (4) is provided. 13. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that im Inside a pipe (43) of the delivery pipe (7) (8) is attached, the outlet openings (44) are located in the vicinity of the radial opening (42) of the conveyor pipe (7). 14. Device according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the distance is within of the rotor (4) and the surrounding drum (5) between the inlet (42) and the outlet (20) of the Sloffgemisches is as large as possible. 15. Device according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the inner surface (26) of the Shell (27) of the drum (5) and the surface area (28) of the blades (3, 3 '. 3 ") facing it. For example replaceable wear pads (29. 30) fastened by screws (31) or rivets (32) made of wear-resistant material, e.g. B. an impact-resistant plastic, are lined. 16. Device according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the entire rotor (4) with motor (37). Drum (5) and conveyor pipe (7) existing device (1) as a compact structural unit Can be pivoted via a known, hydraulically and / or pneumatically actuated hoist (45) and is movable.