DE3143254A1 - Continuously working winning machine for fluent solid material and natural raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a winning machine for fluent solid material and natural raw materials which can be used as an excavator, stockpiling and reclaiming machine, loading and unloading machine for large transport units (e.g. ships) and the like. The aim of the invention is to increase the delivery capacity and the excavation thickness of winning machines and to reduce the machine cost and the energy cost. On machines with preferably plough-like digging and loading members arranged on revolving traction means and continuous conveyors arranged in the same way, the object is to design the digging member in such a way that reliable transfer to the continuous conveyor, its automatic emptying as well as support on independent travelling gear or suspension on a supporting structure arranged above it are possible. According to the invention, this is achieved by the arrangement of a helically curved baffle plate on the digging member, the guidance of the traction means on a guide frame vertically adjustable relative to the supporting framework, the arrangement of a continuous conveyor, preferably a carrying-chain conveyor of symmetrical design, in the vertical longitudinal centre plane of the supporting framework, its revolving length projecting beyond the engagement length of the digging members at both ends, and the digging and loading members having a sufficiently large speed difference from the continuous conveyor. The supporting framework can therefore be supported on independent travelling gear above, below or on the slope or can be hung on an excavator construction and can also be of multi-section construction.

Description

Title of the invention:

Continuously working bulk material recovery device for bulk materials and grown raw materials The invention relates to a continuous working bulk coagulation device for bulk filters and grown raw materials, such as overburden, coal, ores and the like, used as excavator, stockpile feed and Recovery device, loading and unloading device for large transport units (e.g. ships) and other things can be used.

The well-known continuously operating bulk recovery equipment for bulk goods and grown raw materials either work according to the principle of Bucket chain or on the principle of the paddle wheel.

The bucket chain excavator wins with its graborgan, the bucket chain, the bulk cargo and transports it in the grave organ to the chain drive turas in the excavator superstructure.

When equipped with crawler tracks, the bucket chain excavator works preferably ii block trimming, with rail trolleys preferably in front trimming. In both types of cutting, high and low cuts with approximately the same thickness are possible.

The bucket wheel excavator wins with its grave organ, the bucket wheel, the bulk goods and transfers them immediately afterwards to a conveyor belt, the wheel belt.

The paddle wheel and wheel belt can be lifted on the swiveling superstructure. and arranged lowered articulated wheel arm.

Bucket wheel excavators work in block chopping, preferably in rock cut. A noticeable deep cut cannot be achieved.

The technical and mining advantages of the bucket chain excavator result from the large grip length of the grave organ ^. In the presence of Layers of raw material of different strength thus have a balancing effect achieved for the required digging force, so that even in these poor soil conditions a good constancy in the volume throughput is achieved by the long The filling path of the grave organs only requires a small chip cut per bucket, which causes a small piece of the dredged material.

Furthermore, the resultant digging force and the resultant side force have relatively small distances to the excavator's center of gravity and the load moments remain as a result relatively small, which has a positive effect on an economical construction and fär the stability of the device.

The disadvantages of the bucket chain excavator are caused in particular by that the grave organ is at the same time a transport organ. The filling of the bucket including Pre- and overfilling due to the relatively small chip over a long filling path Deep cut is made by repeatedly turning the material to be conveyed in and in front of the bucket achieved. This circulation process consumes enormous amounts of energy, without a meaningful one Work is being done. It also causes unnecessary wear and tear on the Graborgan. Furthermore, a compression of the conveyed material takes place in the one, which is the emptying of the bucket negatively influenced by bridging of the conveyed material in the bucket and the transport element in the egg chain excavator form a unit, the main drive performs normally digging and lifting work at the same time.

With full utilization of the installed @ main drive power and Achievement of the maximum effective funding volume is the share of the digging work about 30% of the power consumed with medium soils.

For start-up operations where the bucket is in the entire area of the channel and conductors are empty, the total installed drive power of the main drive, only reduced by the idle power of the chain and the drive than Burial work should be brought into the equation. Here the digging achievement reaches ii worst Case a share of approx. 90% of the installed capacity.

These relationships have the following negative effects on device construction Effects: When dimensioning the device, in certain load cases for the load due to the tensile strength, approximately three times the normal value must be taken into account. This results in a material input that is not fully utilized in normal excavation operations will.

The ladder is limited by the greater excavation depth Required greater lifting capacity in the operating states described above, the must be counted as burial work. These external forces endanger the stability And make the construction of devices uneconomical above a certain length of the ladder.

The lightweight, large-rod construction that enables large ladder lengths, such as in bucket wheel excavator construction and ii skip construction from a certain size the device is used is not possible here for the reasons described.

In the case of high-cut excavation with bucket chain excavators, there is also one there is a large length of engagement of the grave organ, but only a very short filling path the bucket.

The loosened dredged material is circulated several times on the embankment until it has reached the base of the embankment. Only here is it picked up by the bucket and carried away. This causes unnecessary expenditure of energy and unnecessary wear and tear of the grave organ. The short filling path means that the bucket is subject to high stress Chain and the bucket ladder in this area.

The bucket ladder excavator was originally developed for chopping bench been. The conception of his grave organ is for the block cutting, which is in trackless Open pit mining is less suitable. Especially in the deep cut are at Cutting large block widths ii the area of the remaining side slope considerable Declines in Recorded volume throughput, because in this swivel range overfilling and pre-filling of the bucket is not possible.

The main advantages of the bucket wheel excavator result from that the grave organ is separated from the transport organ and thus that in this context the disadvantages occurring in the bucket chain excavator are not present.

The digging and filling process is more energy-saving and less wear-resistant, because the filling process takes place without major movements in the grave organ.

Those from the steel structure and from the machine assemblies of the excavator The maximum tear and side force to be transmitted is due to the digging process necessary installed capacity in the Graborgan limited. For normal operation So no oversized dimensioning reserves are necessary, since the share of the lifting capacity inside the bucket wheel is small in relation to the digging power. The large rod construction could therefore be applied to the bucket wheel excavator.

The disadvantages of the bucket wheel excavator result in particular from that the grave organ including drive to achieve an attractive removal height are arranged at the end of a long boom.

The entire digging force and the resulting side force grip together with the load from the dead weight of the grave organ, which as a result of the necessary high operational readiness is to be dimensioned functionally reliable at a very exposed In place of the excavator.

The load conditions, which are also of a dynamic nature, determine a correspondingly complex steel construction.

The exposed position of the bucket wheel allows clean dredging thin layers that can be held separately, however, inevitably lead to Overburden excavation with storage of hard soil layers that are larger than approx. a quarter of the impeller diameter, very strong static and above all dynamic Loads entered in the machine sets and the steel support structure of the excavator will. To reduce these loads, the volume throughput becomes high in practice withdrawn. These disadvantages mean that the bucket wheel excavators despite the above. Advantages with their delivery volume and the removal rate in relation to theirs By their own weight, they can assume very unfavorable values.

Furthermore, due to its design, the bucket wheel excavator is not in able to carry out an economic eruption. This type of chopping is special in the case of direct fall combinations for the simple structuring of the coal storage and of coal mining in the lying area is particularly important.

The direct fall combinations, see Z. especially the overburden conveyor bridge associations with bucket chain excavators, are the large equipment combinations for the extraction of overburden, which produce the best economic results.

Many proposals are known, the disadvantages of both extraction principles to overcome.

So s.B. in the D3-PS (German Reich before 1945) 568838, 709210, 716958 and 746106 have been disclosed with different details of the thought, one To arrange the bucket wheel arm of all a higher-level supporting structure so that it can be moved that a considerable deep cut can thus also be achieved.

A similar solution for a bucket chain on an equally movable one Ausleger offers DE-PS 161825.

In addition, DR-PS 161825 and 709210 at least in the drawings referred to a shoring, which spans the entire slope and on the upper and lower planum is supported.

There are still the conveyor bridge associations from the practice of opencast mining known, in which the advantages of both extraction principles to a technological Unity can be connected by clearing both device types with coordinated services and excavate the material to be mined with approximately the same advance and the overburden again is tipped into the pit.

According to CS-PS 54512 it is known to connect both systems to an excavator frame to be arranged in order to optimally blend the advantages.

Since the bucket wheel excavator is unsuitable for a Brontserhau, must the bucket chain arranged in the deep cut also work in block chopping, with which the disadvantages outlined are retained when cutting the side slope.

According to DE-PS 480799 it is also possible to use a bucket chain excavator to be arranged so movably in a conveyor bridge that both sides of the associated Bridge support both cuts from the same excavator as a deep cut in frontal cutting can be mastered.

In addition to those spanning the embankment, on the upper and lower It is, for example, according to DE-PS 720312 and DD-PS 91 also for devices supported by subgrade known, the bucket ladder additionally connected to the bucket ladder by means of an articulated one The chassis must be supported on the embankment in order to reduce the load on the device structures and thus to reduce their mass. This implies relatively small slope inclinations in advance. All of the above-mentioned constraints are based on the extraction principles mentioned at the beginning and strive for optimization on this basis, without the disadvantages being decisive to overcome.

According to SU-EB 79037 a new extraction principle was known, namely one on both sides by means of plow-like scrapers arranged on rotating chains parallel to the slope inclination rotating apron conveyor with separate drives to design the digging process separately from the transport process and the cut over to enable the entire Boschungs length.

This principle combines the advantages of the bucket wheel excavator with them of the bucket chain excavator, robei the supporting structure above and below the embankment is supported on chassis. This training is only available on small slopes can be used, as otherwise the conveyed material slips down over the apron conveyor.

The disadvantage of this solution is that, on the one hand, the plow-like scrapers crumble the mined chip and one safe handover to the Not guarantee means of transport and on the other hand the means of transport in one arranged in a plane parallel to the embankment and therefore on the scraper side Guides must be equipped, which in turn also disrupt the handover from the scraper to the apron conveyor.

The intended advantage of chip transfer with almost no lifting work is largely canceled out by the scraper properties.

This training also forces an extremely low arrangement of the apron conveyor.

Another disadvantage is the need to unload the Apron conveyor additional means, such as guide scrapers or metallic brushes, to need. It is also unfavorable for the delivery rate that the arrangement of the Apron conveyor and the fixed arrangement of the guides for the traction device on the supporting structure forces to a one-sided way of working.

The invention aims to improve the capacity of a bulk recovery device with plow-like digging and loading organs arranged on revolving traction means as well as also arranged means of transport with separate drives is essential to increase the usability universally and the device-technical Reduce effort by eliminating the disadvantages mentioned above and the advantages of the known extraction principles can be obtained or improved.

In particular, these are - the reduction in effort through a lighter one Construction method while maintaining the performance parameters, - increasing the removal thickness and increase of the volume throughput beyond the current upper limit, the reduction of the energy consumption of the extraction equipment, - the achievement of a high degree of constancy in volume throughput even in difficult soil conditions, - the increase in volume throughput during lock excavation, - the reduction in wear and tear at the grave organs, - the expansion of the exploration possibilities of raw material deposits with complicated geological conditions due to the realization of large removal thicknesses in the case of low slopes (inclined excavation) and - the improvement of the technical Safety.

The task is therefore to be the last on an extraction device called type to design the grave organ in such a way that a safe transfer of a floor septna at the expense of its consistency on a conveyor arranged to the side enables a bilateral operation and a self-emptying of the transport organ as well as an arrangement on independent trolleys above, below and on the Embankment is possible, with the transport member the length of engagement of the grave and Loading organs Eberrts, the object is achieved in that the Plow-like digging and loading organs each with a helically curved guide plate Have side delimitation and preferably over a frame with an overload protection are connected to the revolving traction device, preferably a link chain, that the guides for the revolving traction devices are attached to the guide frame, which are stored and guided on the support frame adjustable in height, that of the vertical The central longitudinal plane of the supporting structure is arranged and vertically circumferential in guides Continuous conveyor preferably as a carrying chain conveyor with symmetrical and trough-shaped designed support shells is formed and to the grave and loading organs in the same direction Direction of movement has sufficient speed difference and that the supporting structure one or more parts and with means for hanging on a higher-level Supporting structure is equipped.

The losses in volume throughput in bucket chain excavators in block chopping, those with large block widths, especially when cutting the remaining side slope arise in the deep cut, are eliminated in the solution according to the invention, since Immediately after cutting the chip, it is loaded onto the continuous conveyor and FtIllverluste the grave organ are largely eliminated. For the same reason The selective dredging of intermediate resources in high and low cuts is essential more effective and cleaner than with the well-known large-capacity excavators.

By sliding over the cut chip once and through the immediate continuous loading onto the continuous conveyor becomes the wear and tear reduced to a minimum in the grave and loading organ. Every digging and loading organ can be fixed, but also with the interposition of an overload protection on the circumferential Traction means be connected. When approaching a solid object in the embankment In the latter case (stone, threshold, etc.) every grave and loading organ becomes separate disengaged in the event of overload and thus a total or partial Deprived of destruction. In addition, the drive of the rotating traction means are switched off. The direction of movement of the revolving Traction means with the digging and loading organs is directed upwards on the embankment, It does not matter whether the continuous conveyor is conveying downwards or upwards. With existing Necessity of movement reversal, e.g. when changing from high cut to low cut, either the grave and loading organs are exchanged for oppositely effective ones or retrofitted with the guide chain.

The scope of the invention is intended below on the basis of a few exemplary embodiments explained. The accompanying drawings show: FIG. 1: side view of a Bulk recovery device, especially for sloping mining, Fig. 2: Side view of a bulk material extraction device, the steel structure of which by means of Cable suspensions are mounted on a higher-level steel structure, Fig. 3: Partial side view of the bulk recovery device, FIG. 4: Section transverse to the longitudinal axis of the bulk recovery device.

In Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the bulk recovery device, which is particularly suitable for inclined mining is shown. A shoring 1, which can be moved on its own trolleys 2 and 3 carries a continuous conveyor 4 and one or both sides thereof grave and loading elements 5, which are attached to revolving traction means 6 are attached. The revolving traction means 6 with the digging and loading elements 5 are only arranged in the area of the embankment to be dredged, while the continuous conveyor 4 goes beyond it and the bulk goods obtained go to the downstream conveying means 7 passes, the continuous conveyor 4 and the revolving traction means 6 have separate Drives 8 and 9.

In Fig. 2, a bulk material recovery device is shown, the supporting frames made up of several, over joints 10; 11 and 12 can be mutually bent in the vertical plane Support frame parts 13; 14; 15 and 16 composed. They are by means of rope suspensions 17; 18 and 19 and a joint 20 in a superordinate steel structure 21 Can be raised and lowered.

The higher-level steel structure 21 can be pivoted and moved and here has the form of a large open-pit mining device of a well-known type. In the shoring parts 13; 14; 15 and 16, a continuous conveyor 4 is continuously arranged, the drive of which 8 is stored in the higher-level steel structure 21.

One or both sides of the continuous conveyor 4 are on the support frame parts 13; 14 and 15 continuously rotating traction means 6 arranged on which digging and Loading members 5 are befeatigt.

The drive or drives 9 of the revolving traction means 6 are in the support frame part 16 stored.

In Fig. 3 is a plow-like embodiment of the digging and loading device 5 with a link chain as a revolving traction means 6 and behind it a carrying chain version of the continuous conveyor 4 shown in side view, during the bulk production a chip is put through a at each grave and loading organ in engagement cut before preferably replaceable, sharp-shaped knife 22 and by means of a helical guide plate 23 lifted and continuously on the laterally passed S * etigförderer 4 headed. A frame 24 connects the grave and loading organ 5 with the revolving traction mechanism 6. At this point, the interposition of is preferred Common overload protection devices for agricultural plows are possible Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of that shown in Figs. 1 to 3 in the side view Bulk recovery device. The carrying chain-like continuous conveyor 4 consists of trough-shaped Support shells 25, the Ueber support frame 26 with a chain-like traction means 27 firmly are connected.

In the embodiment shown, the grave and loading organs are located 5 on both sides of the continuous conveyor 4.

The guide frames are used to achieve simultaneous loading from both sides 28 and 29 of the revolving traction means 6 can be adjusted in height relative to the supporting structure 1 arranged.

The bulk recovery process begins at the digging and loading device 5, by removing a chip from the raw material or bulk material from its cutting edge cut along the entire length of the embankment. The grave and loading organ 5 is designed as a plow-like cutter, so that it takes advantage of its own strength of the chip, the inertia forces and the acceleration due to gravity are similar to the cut chip a plow by means of the helical guide plate attached to the cutting edge 23 continuously leads into the continuous conveyor 4 located next to him and him thus loaded. Since several plow-like ones over the entire length of the embankment Dig- and loading members 5 are arranged mid by revolving traction means 6 in the direction Longitudinal axis of the support structure 1 is moved to realize a chip for Each digging and extraction organ 5 a continuous movement of the supporting structure 1 required laterally to its longitudinal axis, which is required when equipping with its own undercarriages 2; 3 by moving or by suspending the shoring 1 on a higher-level Steel structure 15; 21 by pivoting or moving this steel structure is produced.

The plow-like peeling of the raw material chip and that immediately subsequent loading of the continuous conveyor 4, with the chip taking the transport path from cutting to loading in an almost undisturbed condition, secures minimal energy consumption, as there are no internal friction for circulation il Graborgan - as with bucket chain excavators - and no unnecessary lifting work for them Emptying of the digging organs - as in the bucket wheel - needs to be done.

The balancing effect due to the great length of engagement of the grave organ Over many layers of raw material with different strengths, this shows how with the bucket chain excavators, in the constancy of the volume throughput.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (1)

Claim: Continuously working bulk material recovery device for bulk goods and grown robust materials such as overburden, coal, ores and the like, with a shoring, which completely spans the embankment and at least Independent undercarriages arranged on the upper and lower plenum is, with the support structure preferably on both sides by circumferential guides Pulling means moved, preferably plow-like digging and loading organs and a separate one Continuous conveyors are each arranged with separate drives, the continuous conveyor the length of engagement of the digging and loading organs on both sides to the required extent towers above, characterized in that the plow-like grave and loading organs each have a helically krtiiites baffle with side delimitation and over a Frame preferably with an overload protection on the revolving traction mechanism, preferably a link chain are connected that the guides for the revolving traction means the digging and loading organs are attached to guide frames that are height-adjustable on the supporting structure are stored and ensured that the in the vertical central longitudinal plane of the shoring arranged and vertically rotating continuous conveyor in guides preferably as Carrying chain conveyor is designed with symmetrical and trough-shaped carrying shells and for the grave and loading organs with the same direction of occupation a sufficient one Has speed difference and that the supporting structure is one or more parts designed and with means for suspension on a higher-level supporting structure is equipped.