DE3115760A1 - Structural element, consisting of an envelope which encloses a cavity with a filler incorporated - Google Patents

Abstract

Such structural elements are suitable, in particular, for building structures, for example for supporting ceilings, floor and wall structures and for load-carrying bridge, ship, vehicle and aircraft structures. The invention has the object of improving as far as possible the bending stiffness and the load capability of such structural elements. Expanding materials and solid elements of specific shape and position subdivided therein are arranged in and with respect to closed cavities. The clamping means may be of a very different type, consistency and expansion dimension. They cause, in particular, a very high longitudinal stress of the structural element, and of its parts and associated elements, supported by molecular forces. These forces are virtually unlimited within their expansion region. They thus prevent bending and kinking of, for example, beams, despite a relatively low material cost to a previously unknown extent. Particularly for the said technical fields, this results in new structural capabilities and applications of fundamental significance. <IMAGE>

Description

- η.

ADDITIONAL PATENT APPLICATION

Component consisting of a casing which encloses a cavity with an inserted filler.

The subject matter of the invention is a component consisting of a sheathing that has a cavity with an inserted filler encloses - according to the main application P 3o 41 523.9 (A. T. 4-11-198Ο).

Such components are particularly suitable for walls, ceilings, floors and the like of buildings, as well as for constructions of vehicles, airplanes, ships, bridges and the like.

The object of the present invention is to design these structural elements in such a way that bulging, buckling and narrowing due to the tensioning materials and liquids introduced into the cavity is prevented by at least one element arranged in relation to the structural element or its cavity.

Any building material that has the properties of the component, in particular its flexural strength and thus load-bearing capacity as well as its moving functions and enable and improve its interaction with other components. Combinations, for example with so-called " "simple machines" (in the physical sense) such as pulleys, shaft wheels, pairs of screws, wedges, inclined planes, Sc-herenspreizen and other mechanisms are of great importance for the technology and application of such components.

Since the highest molecular forces are available, for example Bridge girders with cables and pulley blocks are combined in such a way that reversed stretch the girder permanently up to the tear limit and thus enable the highest load-bearing capacity.

Such versatile functions require a specific one Differentiation of the cavity through corresponding subdivisions and different designs of the created Part cavities. Also the different types of clamping devices, their different consistencies and different ones Degree of expansion and, if applicable, the type of flexible transmission of the clamping forces to other elements, in particular through counter-movements, for example, by means of piston rods that are attached to - moved by the expanding material - Zwisnhenkörper must be taken into account. The measures required to secure the component against destruction are thereby included to be effective through the internal overpressure. To do this, she sees Invention, for example, the arrangement of additional clamping elements with gradually multiple graded expansion forces as counterforces, through whose counterpressure such a proportion of the primary clamping pressure of the central clamping element (z. B. clamping tube) to relieve it is taken over that the Component is prevented.

A number of embodiments are described below and shown schematically in the drawing:

Figure 1 shows in cross section and Figure 2 in longitudinal section a component, for. B. a support consisting of a square tube 1, in which a central round tube 2 is arranged between arched circular segments 3 connected to form a hollow body, pressed and supported by these in the longitudinal direction. Between tube 2 and segment body 3, a tension material E ″ is inserted in a sheath 8 (see FIG. 2), which presses the pointed corner parts of segments 3 into the inner corners of square tube 1 and exerts a predetermined counter pressure on tube 2 . In this way, it is protected from bursting by the expanding filling E ₃ . By pressing the inner corners of the tube 1, its square surfaces are tensioned transversely to a predeterminable degree. This corner and surface tension counteracts bulging and buckling. Thus it is - the closer to the predetermined expansion of the clamping means E "and E_ increased load-bearing capacity. The segment arches are in turn supported by the tube 2 inwardly against buckling.

Figure 2 shows the left end of the tube 1 in a longitudinal section through the same component. In the pipe end of the round pipe a closure body 7 is inserted and fastened with a seal 5, for. B. welded in. The clamping device E ^ is in the tube: Via filling openings in an airtight and vapor-tight envelope 9 brought in.

The left end of the tube 2 is surrounded by a welded-in closing body 11 of the square tube 1. This has a cylindrical bore 11 _a , into which the end of the tube 2 is inserted and fastened. Due to the expansion of the clamping device E-. the tube 2 is stretched. This presses against each other the closing body 11 and thus also spans the pipe 1 in the longitudinal direction. B. transverse rivets 13 are used. Segment tube 3 is pressure-resistant with a correspondingly profiled closure body, for. B. by welding, closed, (not shown ^.

BATH

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Likewise, the gaps 4 at the ends with closure bodies 4 (see Fig. 2) to be closed and form airtight cavities. These can be evacuated via suction lines N. will.

The free spaces 4 between the segment body 3 and pipe 1 are the effect of a concave bend or tension of the pipe surfaces 1 evacuated by atmospheric pressure. This counteracts any outward curvature of the surfaces and increases the flexural strength.

In order to prevent the pipe 1 from expanding or bursting in the transverse direction, transverse rings 15 are preferably made of half-rings exist-d, which are connected to one another with screws 17 under the effect of an appropriate compressive tension, arranged. Wide tensioning straps or protective tubes or protective sheaths and the like can also be used, as described in more detail below. to prevent the pipe 1 from exploding. The left end of the tube 1 is connected to a similar component 1 ', the closing body 11' (as a spring) in the of the end of the square tube 1 formed free cavity is inserted as a groove, connected. Between the two closing bodies 11 and 11 'an elastic seal 17 is provided. The closure body 11 'of the pipe 1' is with the end of the Tube 1 by suitable connecting means, for. B. cross bolts 19, connected. As a result, the tubes 1 and 1 'are connected to form a unit, so that they can be stretched continuously The longitudinal tension gives the components a flexural strength, which they also use as a beam, (carrier) z. B. for ceilings, bridges and makes the like particularly suitable. The inner tubes 2 and 3 support each other and transfer their clamping forces via the inner corners of the square tube 1 to this.

Depending on the degree of expansion of the clamping devices E- and E-, the raw eggs and 2 are placed in different transverse and longitudinal tensions. The central tube 2 is stretched higher than the adjacent profile tube 3. Basically, a stepped decrease of the tension, an outward blasting is provided the clamping tubes 2 and 3 to prevent.

The right end of the tube 1 (not shown) is formed in the same way as that drawn on the left End of the tube 1 '. There can be any number of pipes due to the tongue and groove design of their ends and can be firmly joined to one another by cross-connections to any total length. Additional fasteners can also be used for this purpose, z. B. latching means can be arranged in the longitudinal direction and the joints are welded. The sheaths 8 and 9 are to be provided oversized in order to exclude any tear-saving. Prevent the shells penetration of water vapor and facilitate the completion of the expansion agent.

FIG. 2 shows in a longitudinal section as a supplement to FIG. 2 an outer double tube 1o, lev, which is fixedly arranged around the connection point of the tubes 1 and 1 'according to FIG. 2 (e.g. screwed or welded). The double pipe is tightly sealed at both ends by welded-in rings 12. The cavity between the tubes 1o and 1o is _{filled with expanding substances E 3} via a filling opening M with a valve. The double pipe is thus stretched high and prevents the joint between the pipes 1 and 1 'from bending.

The insertion of the tongue 11 'into the groove recess of the end of the tube 1 can also, as described in FIG. 26, through appropriate additional training can be provided. Instead of the tubes 2, 2 'etc. individually with expanding means to fill, these can serve as a continuous conduit for the intake of liquids or gases to be passed on (e.g. as pipe lines). Due to the possibility of doing this under high pressure, correspondingly larger quantities can be used per unit of time be passed through.

Figure 1 - a cross section - and Figure 2, the associated longitudinal section are identical to Figure 1 and Figure 2 except for the arrangement of a load-bearing cable 6 in the tube 2 or 2 ', which is embedded _{in a clamping means E 3.} The cable 6 is fixed at the end of the spring 11 'with a ^. Threaded ring 6 _r and a nut 6 ″ that can be screwed onto it.

If the cable 6 at its right. End tightened, e.g. B. means of a Expandierkammer (see Figure 24), so thus the spring 11 'of the tube 1 ¹ against the elastic seal 17

tightened firmly. In this position, guide and locking means 17 and 19 are inserted through tube 1 into spring 11 ″.

The cable 6 can also be used to tension the individual tubes 1 or 1 ', etc., as in all of the tubes - the nuts 6 and

the springs 11 'with the one by the elastic intermediate seals 5 'given interlude and by the adhesion of the expanding E_ on the cable windings 6 enable the components to be pretensioned by tightening the nuts 6.

FIG. 1 shows in cross section and FIG. 2 “in longitudinal section a variant of Figure 1. In the square tube 1

el

are the tubes 2 by means of washers 2 (Fig. 1-J the

2 cl

corresponding holes 2, through which the tubes are passed, arranged. There are also further perforations, Perforations 2 and the like in the disks 2

el Z

provided, which serve the passage of the expanding agent Eo for distribution over the entire cavity.

In the end parts of the tube 2, 2 ¹ , a smaller connecting tube 16 with bilateral end pieces 16 _a / 16 'is inserted, which by suitable means, e.g. B. latching means and with cross screws, welds, the pipes 1 and 1 'firmly connects to each other. An expanding means E ^ is introduced into this connecting pipe 16 via a filling opening M and tensions it. At the same time, a very firm tension and compression connection between the ends of the two tubes 1 and 1 'is achieved with one another.

Through these tubes 2 and 16 according to FIG. 2, which can be strung together in any number, as in FIG. 2, shown, a continuous cable 6 with a corresponding additional voltage, for. B. via clamping chambers, byc-h which also the tubes 2 or 1 and 1 'are tightened increased, out will. For this, of course, the closing bodies 7, 16_

or 7 ', 16 or 7', 16 _a 'to be provided with appropriate holes and seals.

The same applies to the cable arrangements as shown in Figures 3 ₌ (cable 26), 11 (cable 66), 13,

Ci egg egg

(Cable 76 ), 15 _Λ (Cable 76), 15. (Cable 96) 17_ (Cable 96), aa D a

are shown. With such continuous cables you can The component carrier rows are stretched high and thus their load-bearing capacity and flexural strength are increased to the highest will. This is of great importance for building bridges, for example.

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FIG. 3 shows in cross section and FIG. 4 in longitudinal section another exemplary embodiment, which is used in particular as a bar or Carrier is suitable. Segment bodies 23 are located in the square tube 1 arranged with tendon-like connections 23 in the vertical direction. These hollow bodies 23 are closed at their longitudinal ends. In the upper region of the square tube 1, U-shaped bevels are provided with flanges 24 and form a uniform

egg

Body welded element parts 24 on the horizontal inner surface of the tube 1 arranged. In the lower part of the tube 1, a round tube 22 is attached to the inner bottom of the tube 1 /. The segment elements 23 touch the parts 23 and tube 22 with tension. In the free space between the parts 22, 23 and 24 is an expanding agent, e.g. B. a highly compressed liquid E ", z. B. filled with oil or water through which the segment parts 23 are pressed on and their tendon ends are pressed into the 4 corners of the square tube 1. Included the tendon 23 a of these parts is also stretched high. The eccentrically arranged tube 22 is with a more expanding Means E-., E.g. B. a hardening substance filled. When a beam formed from such structural elements is loaded, the parts 24 are pressed against the curved segments 23

pressed from top to bottom and thus put the pipe 1 in increased transverse tension, whereby the load-bearing capacity of the vertical side parts of the pipe 1 is increased. The tube 22 is subjected to tensile stress as a support when the component is bent. Due to the high tension that the tensioning material E ₃ gives to it, in conjunction with the longitudinal tension that is also applied to the tube 1, it provides an extremely high bending resistance to the force acting vertically.

The segment parts 23 are with seal 25, 25,, 25 (foil)

α D C

pressed in. These seals tightly seal off the space occupied by the expanding liquid E ₃ (e.g. oil or water).

The tube 22 carries a closure body 27 which is fixedly immovable. As a result of the expansion of the expanding means E ₃ , the tube 22 is pressed against the closing body 31. With shorter dimensions of the pipe 22, the pressing takes place via the extension 31 of the closing body 31 by the closing body 27. The pipe 1 and / or the pipe 22 can thus be tensioned _{by the expansion means E 3.} A seal 26 is located between the closure means 27 and 31

arranged. Tube 1 is connected to its closure body by means of a rivet 29.

Also in this embodiment, the pressure of the expanding agent E_ around the pipe 22, which z. B. with a higher expanding mass E, is filled, the transverse pressure z. Part of the mass E "taken over and on the segments 23 and transferred to the square tube 1 to protect against the tube 22 from bursting.

FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment in cross section, and FIG. 6 in longitudinal section. Press the segment bodies between them a double-u-shaped, very stable, vertical element 3 4 firmly attached.

In the cavities between the elements 33 and 34, an expansion means E _{3 is} introduced, which bulges out the vertical tendons 33 and the vertical side surfaces of the

egg

Tube 1 prevented by the action on the curved surfaces of the segment parts 33. These segment parts press their tips 33 into the four corners of the tube 1 and tension its side surfaces. The expanding means K ₃ supports the element 34 very effectively on both sides.

ORIGINAL

The sealing gaskets 35 ,, 35 are upstream and intermediate Surface coatings 3 5 made of metal. The square tube 1 is through with a stair closing body 41 a rivet 39 connected. Between this body 41 and the inner elements 33 and 34 there is a seal 38. To the

Seals 35, can be movable or fixed end pieces / a /

- Corresponding shape - be rigidly arranged; also to close the cavities between 33 and 34. For connection a rivet 32 is used for all parts. This means that the parts 33, 34 and tube 1 can be stretched longitudinally in a load-bearing manner.

FIG. 7 shows in cross section, FIG. 8 in longitudinal section another embodiment. Segments 43 with inwardly directed bends 43 ″ are incorporated in the tube 1.

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In this is a V-shaped profile 44 with an opening at the top and tip inserted downwards. This tip is supported by the bends in the segments 43. In the V-body is an expansion agent, e.g. B. filled with a liquid (oil or water or the like) that the upper segment bends 43 and 43 pressed into the corners of the square tube 1. Appropriate seals can be provided for this purpose.

In the lower cavities between the V-element 44 and the segment parts 43 are, for. B. hardening expansion materials E ₃ filled, which cause increased pressure on the lower inner corners of the square tube.
This also supports the tip of the profile 44.

FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through the lower part (see arrow indication in FIG. 7). At the end of the profile part 44 is an immovable, fixed, V-shaped closing body 47 is provided, over which the profile element 44 in the longitudinal direction on train is tensioned. This tube presses itself against an end body 49, which with the end body 51 of the pipe 1 through a rivet 43 is connected. It can with it all parts that

- 44-

Segments 43, the profile element 44 and the outer square tube 1 can be tensioned. Depending on your choice, only one or the other element can be tensioned, according to the Manner of arrangement of the elements and their ^ mutual connections.

FIG. 9 shows in cross section and FIG. 1o in longitudinal section (see arrows in FIG. 9) in the square tube 1 two vertical, segment-like profiles 53 with flanges 53. Within the

el

of this delimited cavity is a larger tube 54 with a smaller one eccentrically welded in the lower part Tube 55, introduced. The profile parts 53 press the tube 54 with the inwardly curved parts. The tube 55 is with a highly expanding agent E .. filled. The tube 54 with a less expanding agent E ~, e.g. B. with a compressed Liquid such as oil or water and the profile space with an even lower expansion agent E.,. So that becomes smaller tube 55 pressed on all sides by E2 and a burst prevented by the counter-pressure of the expansion agent E ". Likewise, tube 54 of E and profile 53 is pressed on on all sides and prevents it from bursting. This can be precisely determined so that extremely high pressures can be provided in the pipe 55 and are graduated can exist in tube 54 and space 53. At the same time, the profile parts 53 are pressed into the inner corners of the square tube and thus the square tube 1 is stretched. Between the larger tube 54 and the lower inner surface of the square tube 1 can

ca tr KaCfC another small tube 56 or spindle 56 / can be arranged and also counteract a bending of the tube 1. The beam (support) according to Figure 9 is due to this combination of extreme flexural strength and load-bearing capacity.

In the cavities according to Figure 1, 3, 5, 7, ^ dic of the segment profiles are formed with respect to the pipe 1, a negative pressure can be produced, through which the external air pressure the vertical Side surfaces of the tube 1 a concave bend or corresponding voltage granted.

There is then also an outward bulging of the side surfaces not possible with very high loads. The force components that come into consideration are then directed inwards and increase the load-bearing capacity.

Figure 10 shows the closure body 54, 55 ₌ to the individual

ei 3.

Tubes 54 and 55 and the associated seals 54v, 55, and at the end 61 of the tube body 1 _b, the seal 61st

The evacuable cavities 57 are sealed with a seal 57 opposite the closing body 61 and the other tubes. For concave bending of the pipe surfaces 1 and thus at the same time for additional protection against bulging Protective tapes or jacket or the like 6o be arranged.

The inner tubes 54 and 55 and profile space 53 are separated from one another to accommodate different graded expansion means. The expansion means in the end area of the pipes are used in addition, the closing body 55_, 54_ both against the firmly

a a

set closing body 61 to press and thus to give the square tube the necessary longitudinal tension, as well as the tubes 55 and 54 to be tensioned.

FIG. 11 shows a cross section and FIG. 12 shows a longitudinal section another embodiment. In a square tube 1, a tube 62, which is widened conically at its ends, is arranged These ends engage with horizontal extensions 62 resting on the tube 1 in order to project parts of the closing body 71 of the tube 1. The cavities of the tubes 1 and 62 are divided by two fixed inner closing bodies 62 and 62 ^ The tube-intermediate cavity delimited by these bodies 62, and 62, ' is through separate openings and supply lines with valves, independent of the end cavities on the side of them 62 with expanding means, for example different types of tensioning the tubes 1 and 62 on the of the Cores 62, or 62, · fill in limited part. For the side Tube cavities 62 and 62 'are also separate filling options (Supply pipes, valves and the like) provided. These practice over the in the

flared ends 62, 62, arranged movable terminators 62 exert a predetermined pressure on the closing body 71 of the outer tube 1 and tension it. The tube 62 is from clamping devices on all sides, e.g. B. highly compressed

Surrounded by oil or water E ₂ and its pressure exerts a counter pressure against the transverse pressure of the expansion medium E filled in the pipe. A bursting of the longitudinally and transversely tensioned pipe 62 can thus be avoided. The expanding liquid E »is interposed by means of permanently arranged closing bodies 64

Seal 64 spatially limited at the pipe ends. Also the exa

expansion agent E _? (Liquid! Spans pipe 1 together with the closure bodies 71 via the closure body 64. The conical widening of the pipe 62 at both ends enables the expanding means E ₃ , which can preferably be liquid or at least pulpy, to exert an expansion pressure on the closure body 71 of the pipe 1 corresponding to the size of the pressure surface 62 'of the closing body 62. The hydrostatic pressure is independent of the difference in the diameter of the pipe 62 (PASCAL's law) on the surface 62 'in order to increase this pressure surface compared to the cross-section of the pipe 62. Correspondingly, the tension of the pipe 1 is increased. The weight of the carrier pipes can thus be kept low.

FIG. 13 shows in cross section and FIG. 14 in the associated longitudinal section another embodiment. In a square tube there is an inner, smaller tube 72 and at a distance from the filling space a larger tube 73 is arranged. This pipe 7 3 is held of 4 corner bars 74. Between the tubes 72 and 73 an expanding filler / is filled. The transverse pressure of the Tube 73, the corner bars 74 are in the inner corners of the tube

1 and clamp it in the transverse direction. The spaces 75 remaining between the pipe 73 and the pipe 1 are filled with fillers E- provided to compress tube 73 and cause it to burst prevent as well as to tension the pipe 1. The cavity of the tube 72 (see. Fig. 13) is used in particular to receive at least one tensioning cable 76 which then extends through pipes which are subsequently adjacent in the longitudinal direction. The cable ends of the last tubes are highly tensioned by means of tensioning chambers and expanding means (cf. also Fig. 24).

Tube 1 (see Big. 14) is on both sides with firmly arranged closing bodies locked.

These carry in the direction of the cable 76 holes 81 which are used to hold binders, eg. B. Swelling cement E ^ at least places are wisely expanded. This swelling cement is only introduced via a pipe 8K when the cable 76 has its maximum tension via the tensioning chambers (Fig. 24, Zi. 173, 174) and other associated means. By means of the swelling cement or the like, a rigid, non-detachable connection is brought about at least with the closing bodies 81. Through this connection, the total load-bearing capacity of the tensioning tubes 1, 1 ¹ , 1 ¹¹ and sw, combined to form a carrier, can also be increased to the maximum and secured. The pipe 72 can also be filled with binding agents such as swelling cement and the cable 76 can be firmly connected over its entire length to each individual support pipe.

However, if this is not to happen for any reason, then it can it may be expedient to provide the inner surfaces of the tube 72 with a lubricant 72 (see FIG. 14) in order to ensure maximum tension of the a

Cable 76 can also be reached with the pipe 72 attached. It is also possible borrowed the cable 76, e.g. B. by means of applied, conical body in particular to rigidly connect with the end bodies or inner tubes and thus an increased train at the same time to exert increased stretching on the individual components.

Figure 14 shows at both ends of the tube 1 \\ cylindrical nut 76 of, desirably as required length. These nuts can, for. B. serve as springs, which are used in the corresponding Nutausbildungei of the respective adjoining pipes 1 ', 1''.

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The nuts can also be used to connect two cables together serve, e.g. B. by corresponding screw threads welded onto the cable, which are inserted into the inner thread of the cylindrical nuts 76, e.g. B. intervene in opposite directions. The cylindrical nuts 76 can also be outside with z. B. counter-rotating threads and thus a firm screw connection with the neighboring, following or upstream pipes, which have the corresponding thread, complete.

The individual cavities are hermetically sealed by sealing bodies, such as the cavity between the tubes 72 and through annular closure body 79 and the spaces 75 through the closure body 81 of the pipe 1. Corresponding seals are provided for this purpose 79, 73 arranged. The filling E "is from < ranks against a a ^ -

above the filling E ₃ and supports the pipe 73 with its counter pressure. As in all exemplary embodiments, extreme transverse and longitudinal pressures of the structural elements or cavity subdivisions, which are absorbed by protective rings, protective means and the like, can also be achieved here by expanding means so that bursting cannot occur.

Individual support tubes 1 with supports 77 and connecting means, e.g. B. cones be combined as required.

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FIG. 15 shows in cross section and FIG. 16 in longitudinal section a component consisting of a square tube 1 in which three tubes 84, 85 and 86 are arranged concentrically to one another. The central smallest tube 84 is filled _{with an expanding substance E 3.} In order to prevent this pipe from bursting, the pipe 85 is placed around this pipe in such a way that with the transverse expansion of the pipe 84, the pipe 85 _{takes over such a proportion of the transverse pressure of the tensioning material E 3} that the pipe 84 cannot burst. Between the tubes 85 and 86 is an annular cavity which is filled _{with a tension material E 2.} The tube 8 is thus pressed against the entire circumference, so that this tube 85, too, is relieved of the transverse pressure of the tensioning material E _{3 in accordance with the type and dimensioning of the tensioning material E 2} and this portion is transferred to the tube 86. There is thus a gradual relief of the pipes by loading the following pipes with partial pressures of the tension material E ₃ . The tube 8 6 is supported at all 4 corners of the square tube by round iron 88, which absorb its transverse pressure and transfer it excitingly into the corners of the square tube. This diagonal tension causes a corresponding two-dimensional tension of the side surfaces of the tube 1. The tube 86 is also supported against this, so that it is supported at a total of 8 points. A protective jacket 89 is placed around the square tube 1 and has a triangular shape

Längsseifet ^ 89 the center lines of the side faces of the pipe a

presses on. The jacket 89 is preferably made in two parts and the halves are connected to one another by screws (not shown). As a result of the pressure exerted from the inside on the corners on the one hand and the pressure exerted inwards from the outside via the pointed triangular strips 89, the side surfaces are tensioned in a concave manner and outward bulging is thus prevented. Tube 1 also absorbs part of the transverse pressure from E ₃ or E ₂ . The longitudinal section in FIG. 16 shows the arrangement of the closure bodies for the various pipes. Tube 84 is closed by a rigidly mounted sealing body 84 _& bilaterally. A spring-like cylindrical extension 87 is inserted into the groove-like, free part of the left end of tube 84. Between this and the closing body 84 ^ is an elastic seal

Cl

⁸⁴ b intermediate.

BATH ORIGINAL

The depth of the groove of the tube 84 or the length of the spring-like extension 87 "can be measured in such a way that this extension _{is pressed with a predetermined tension against the closing body 84 a} while compressing the seal 84, and in this end position the screw 87, can be inserted through a corresponding hole blocking. Thus, the position of the closing body 87 is permanently maintained while maintaining the intended tension. The shielding body 87 has a further, to be precise, annular extension 87. For this purpose, the ring-shaped cavity between the tubes 85 and 86 is also closed by rigidly attached, ring-shaped end pieces 86 ″. Here, too, an annular, elastic seal 86v is interposed between 87 and 86, which, when elastically compressed, results in the required tension and coincident position of the bore or the screw 37. All 4 tubes, namely tube 84, 85, 86 and tube 1 are therefore stretched in the longitudinal direction and with this tension counteract any bulging and bending of the component. The transverse pressure is graduated from the inside to the outside so that it does not allow the component to explode.

The tension fabrics are preferably very dense, somewhat oversized Envelopes 84th and 85, entered. Appropriate filler openings / hoses, valves and stopcocks are required for this and the like, provided as well as corresponding openings and devices for evacuating the air from the cavities. Fixed subdivisions, z. B. 84 of the individual tube sub-spaces filled with tension materials can be provided. This to, if appropriate, Provide different pressures in the individual areas.

Also, by this koinzidiorande position under articulating, feston interim reports (for. Example 84 _c) common VorbindunnS-all pipes are connected in common, and thus the respective tube parts and areas clamped jointly /.

BATH ORIGINAL

FIG. 15 _a is identical to FIG. 15 / - ^: “carries” however ίκι.11 © ϊιτ 84, embedded in a tensioning expansion means E ₇ , a cable 76. this

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Cable can be connected to the tube 84 in common with these z. B. by the closing body, be stretched or alone oc in addition to the pipe tension.

Figure 15 shows a square tube 1, which is from a jacket 9o with pressure screws 93 is coated, which press into the center lines of the square tube surfaces and thereby prevent their bulging So you take the part of the transverse pressure of the inner tubes so far that they cannot burst.

To fold down the jacket (92), it is divided and possessed Screw flanges 9o, which can be connected and tensioned with screws 94

are cash. A round iron 91 can be interposed for this purpose. At the inside
of the square tube 1 are in the expanding center E- four round tubes 96 ₌ with cable 96 embedded in expanding materials E-. All pipes 1 96 as well as cables are stretched high.

FIG. 17 shows a component in cross section and FIG. 18 in longitudinal section ment, consisting of an inner tube 92, a concentric to arranged protective tube 93 and this arranged further Schut tube 94 and placed around this a shoe consisting of two half-parts

coat 95. * T * «" s · 0 «· £ ¹ ^ f i ^A ""^^ ¹ ^ *** } \ * ^?% '

In the tube 92 expanding Mit E, are filled in a vapor-tight envelope 92. The two ends of the tube are closed by movable closing bodies 92 and associated seals 92. The movable closure body 92 are by the expanding substances E against the above and below the tube 92 arranged closure? 98 mnd 99 pieces of the pipe 93 are pressed and clamped. The Abschi pieces 98 and 99 are screwed into the inner thread of the tube 93 or welded to tube 93. This can cause a high voltage of the
Rohres 93 are completed. The tube 92 is only on transverse pressure
claimed, which it partially transfers to the surrounding tube 93. Another tube 94 is arranged around the tube 93 and on both
Ends screw nuts 1o2, which are screwed into the outer thread of the tube 93 and thus press the tube 94 bcidscits. Between

A sliding layer 94 can be arranged on the two tubes 94 and 93

be. The function of the tube 94 is to prevent the tubes 92 and 93 from bulging and possibly bursting open under the transverse pressure of the expanding mass E-. Accordingly, the thickness of the tube 94 is designed so that the transverse forces are initially absorbed by the roller 93 with a certain proportion and by the tube 94 with a further proportion.
Are the transverse forces so high that the opposing forces of the

BATH ORIGINAL

Π 15760

Tubes 93 and 94nicht sufficient, can further be arranged concentrically with the tube 94 enveloping pipes _f so that a bursting of the tubes is prevented by a stepwise acquisition of the transverse pressure. For further security, a pipe jacket 95, consisting of 2 half pipes, the longitudinal edges of which are provided with flanges 95, as well as screw holes 9 5,. Intermediate layers, in particular elastic layers, can likewise be arranged between this jacket and the tube 94. These enable a uniform pressure to be exerted on the tube 94. The screw nuts 1o2 have bores through which a screw closure body 98 protrudes at one end, while at the other end the other screw closure body 99 protrudes inwardly to form a corresponding groove 9 9 for receiving an adjacent spring. To screw in the screw 98, this has perforations 98 and the screw S ^p slots 99. The screw nuts 10, with their plate-like widenings at the ends, can exert a pressure in the longitudinal direction on the arranged protective jacket 9 5.

Z-u the above-described embodiments have been shown that by a subdivision of the cavity by interposing rigid intermediate end bodies, the filler pipe on his so limited middle part can be stretched and the end spaces of the pipe with movable end pieces actuate the fixed end pieces of the next following pipe and stretch this other pipe. Tube 9 2 can also be designed accordingly.

FIG. 19 shows a pipe 1 with fixed closing bodies in longitudinal section 111. Towards the inside there are pistons 115 on both sides

Rods 115 arranged. In the space between the Aba

closing bodies 111 and the piston 115 can expansion means Eo to be introduced. It is followed by a moving one inside Tube 1.14, which has closure body 116 rigidly attached at both ends with through-holes 116 through which the piston rods 115 are movably inserted. In the pipe 114 is a less expanding clamping means, z. Legs

Liquid E ₉ filled in at high pressure. As a result, the cylindrical piston rods 115 are initially pushed outwards.

The said expansion center E _{3 is then} filled into the intermediate space 113 at high pressure and, through its expansion, the pistons or their rods 115 are _{pressed into the liquid E 0} in the tubular space 114 against the pressure. As a result, the expansion space of the tube 114 is reduced and the pressure with which the less expanding mass E ~ acts / is subsequently increased in accordance with the higher force of the expanding mass E ^ on its pressure. Correspondingly, the longitudinal tension of the pipe 114 is increased by the expansion of the expansion means E "and E_.

This provides a way of increasing the clamping pressure to the pressure level by moving means (piston 115) arranged in the same component and actuated by clamping means E ^. The clamping force of the expansion means E ₂ in the inner tube 114 can thus be brought into effect in an increased manner.

In order to prevent the pipes from bursting, jackets 119 or clamping straps, clamping rings and the like can be placed around the pipe 1 Requirement to be arranged.

FIG. 2o shows a further exemplary embodiment in longitudinal section. The tube 1 has solid closing body 121 at its two ends, in the closed cavity formed therewith is a second tube 123 with fixed closing bodies 124 inserted movably. The cavity 126 formed between the closing bodies 124 is lined with an airtight and vapor-tight envelope 128. The cavity 126 can, as required, be it e.g. B. evacuated white the, be it with isolating agents such. B. plastic tendon, filled be. In the remaining spaces between the closing bodies 121 and 124, expanding means are, depending on Requirement, e.g. B. Filled hardening agent E ,, through which the tube 1 receives a high longitudinal tension. Inside is that Tube 1 supported by tube 123. Outwardly it is enough Protective coats or other protective equipment for the expansion rooms to arrange.

BATH ORIGINAL

This example is intended to show a way in which the dead weight of girders or supports Should be kept as low as possible (e.g. for ceilings and bridges), the exciting expanding means only are to be arranged at the ends and the tension is transmitted to the entire tube 1 by a movable central tube. Other functions of the central tube can, e.g. B. Insulations, can be taken over without significant weights attack. There is complete pressure equalization through the mobility of the central tube 123 between the expanding means E, at both ends of the pipe 1 instead.

Figure 2o shows a pipe 13o with a valve that z. B. can serve to evacuate the air from the cavity 126.

FIG. 21 shows, in longitudinal section, a component, e.g. B. a support consisting of a tube 1 with a movable tube 135 arranged therein with an upper rigid one Closing body 137 and a lower movable closing body 139. In the cavity of the tube 135 is a vapor-tight welded, oversized, elastic sleeve 14o used, which can be evacuated via a pipe with valve 142 and into which expansion medium is filled via a lower pipe 143. The tube 1 possesses a rigidly attached one lower end body 144. A seal is arranged between the lower pipe ends of the pipe 135 (145). The tension material is filled into tube 135 at high pressure. As it expands, the inner tube compresses i35 with its movable end piece 139 against the fixed end piece of the pipe 1. The upper end of the pipe presses against an immobile body, e.g. B. against a ceiling beam

The tubes 1 and 135 are only transversely tensioned by the filling E, claimed. Insofar as the tube 1 is not able to adequately secure a bulging out or bursting of the tube 135, can Protective jacket, as described above, can be arranged around the tube 1.

The partial pushing out of the tube 135 can also serve to to establish the connection with subsequent and preceding pipes. The pushed out part of the inner, im Diameter of smaller part, as a spring for insertion into the larger tube, which forms an open groove with its end. These can form by pushing out the inner tube. If possible, all pipes are to be designed in such a way that they have a high load-bearing capacity Are longitudinal tension. Third pipes with longitudinal tension can also be used assigned to the larger outer tubes (1) in engagement with these and a common "chain" continuously stretched Form tubes.

FIG. 22 shows, in longitudinal section, a pipe 1 with a movable inner pipe 15o which is closed on both sides by rigid closing bodies 151, 152. Between the lower end of the tube 15o and that of the outer tube 1 or its closing body 155, a variable cavity 157 created by the movement of the inner tube 15o with a tension material E _{3 is arranged} in a sheath 159.

Likewise, a tension material E- is entered with high pressure in a sleeve 161 in the smaller tube. Through this, the inner tube 15o is stretched up as required. Then the tension material E ^ is entered with high pressure. Through this, the inner tube 15o is stretched up as required. The tension material E _{3 is then introduced} into the sheath 159 and the high-tension pipe 15o is thus pressed against a ceiling 160, which supports and carries it. The outer tube 1 is without longitudinal tension. It supports the tensioned inner tube 15o against transverse tension.

FIG. 22 shows, for the lower fixed closing body 152, a movable closing body 152 assigned above with seal 152,. The mobility of the body 152 becomes the seal is compressed with high pressure and thus seals with certainty.

FIG. 23 'shows, in longitudinal section, a tube 1 with upper and lower fixed, rigid closing bodies 162, 163 and a rigidly arranged intermediate body 164. The cavity is thus divided into two parts. A clamping device E, which clamps the pipe, is filled in the upper space. The lower end space of the tube 1 is provided with a movable closing means 166 which carries a spindle 167 which is passed through the closing bodies 164 and 162 and at the upper end a pressure head moved by the spindle, ^ r from the spindle against a ceiling above or the like can be pressed. _{A tensioning rod E 3} is also filled with pressure into the cavity between the movable body 166 and the lower rigid closing body 16j. As a result, the movable part 166 with the spindle and the upper head 169 is pressed against the ceiling 17o.

The example shows how both the longitudinal tension of the pipe and the compressive stress against other elements resting on at least one end of this pipe can take place with a single pipe.

FIG. 24 shows a longitudinal section (horizontal section) of a support tube 1, which consists of many individual support elements which are connected to one another with tongue and groove and carries a continuous cable 172 (or tube) in its interior. The ends of the cable are fastened with screws 172., on the outer surfaces of two opposing pressure chambers, each consisting of two, e.g. B. U-shaped shells 173 and 174, which are pushed into one another. In the pressure-resistant and tightly delimited volume-variable cavities, expanding means E- are incorporated.

fills, through which the shells - with enlargement of the cavity, have been pushed apart. This is how it is Cable 172, which counteracts an outward movement of the shells 174, is tensioned. This tension can be predetermined up to the limit of the cable's tensile strength. In order to be able to withstand the very high pressures of the shells, abutments 175, z. B. concrete foundations, which also enclose the pressure chambers 173, 174 pressure-tight, without that the movement of the Bowls is obstructed.

The tube 1 or the tube chain 1 wear inside Subcables 176, which are attached to the inside of the inner shells 173 by screws 176., and are tensioned. These

Tension takes place before the expanding agent enters the pressure chambers 173, 174 are filled. The cavities of the tubes 1 xtferden also with expanding means E ^ previously filled. The pipes 1 or the pipe chain 1 are thus stretched in one plane and the secondary cables are also stretched. The cable 172 and the secondary cables 176 (ropes, wires) are guided through movable spacer rings 177 and thus in a specific manner Position to each other held. By means of these spacer rings 177, the load-bearing tensioning force of the cable and the secondary cable is achieved transferred to the pipes 1 in such a way that the pipes 1 are also able to absorb corresponding loads. To a To prevent the pipes 1 from bursting, protective tapes, protective rings, protective sheaths and the like are arranged as required.

The right pressure chamber shows a different design of the shell 173. This is to reduce the pressure area bevelled outwards. Thus, on the cable 172 corresponding to the size of the surface of the opening shell 174 a corresponding clamping force is advantageously exerted, on the other hand on the area 173 reduced by the indentation a correspondingly reduced pressure, which is also advantageous in order to reduce the outward pressure of the im Pipe 1 introduced expansion agent Eg, which pipe 1 stretch, not weaken.

FIG. 25 shows a variant of FIG. 24. Instead of the pressure chambers, the tubes 1 or the tube chain 1 are provided with closing bodies at approximately their two ends, which are followed by cavities 181 to the outside, which accommodate _{expanding means E 3.} These cavities are closed off from the outside by movable closing bodies 182 to which the cable 172 is fastened with screws 172 ″. The secondary cables 176 are arranged on termination bodies 183 with screws. The intermediate cavity thus formed is provided with expanding means E ₃ . The closure body 183 can both be rigid, e.g. B. on the cable 172, be welded and thus additionally tension the cable along its length between these Abschlusskörxjern, or it is only one of the terminators welded to the cable and the other movable. The secondary cables 176 are then tensioned accordingly by the expansion material filled between them.

Figure 25 shows the tube 1 as a square tube with a

el

Main cable 172 and 4 secondary cables 176. FIG. 2 5 _b shows the pipe as a round pipe 1 with an eccentric arrangement of the main cable 172 in the lower part of the horizontal pipe 1.

FIG. 25 shows the tube 1 as a square tube to increase the load-bearing capacity of a conventional T-beam 185. The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 24 and 25 are also particularly suitable as bridge elements. The carrier tubes 1 can, as mentioned, be formed as tube chains by connecting means and by joining the ends, such as tongue and groove. In particular, in addition to the connection points, pipes with hollow scrapers, which surround the connection points concentrically and are tensioned by tensioning materials, can also be arranged. As a result, these additional tubes can bridge the unstretched connection of the tubes 1 in an exciting manner. There is then the entire length of the support tube chain a continuous voltage corresponding to a Dvrchbiegung under the loads a correspondingly high W.-. ⁵ Z. α · stood opposite.

BATH ORIGINAL

.7.2.

Figure 26 shows two components, consisting of two tubes 1 and 1 ', of which the tube 1 is provided with a closing body 186 designed as a spring, which engages in the corresponding free space (groove) of the tube 1'. The engagement can be secured by transverse rivets or screws / 187. However, such a connection is not sufficient in cases of high deflection stress. In order to make this possible, the invention provides for a spindle 189 or the like to be passed through the closing body 186 (spring) and the other end of this spindle 189 to be fastened to a movable closing body 19o located in the tube 1. The cavity between the closure body 186 and 19o is filled with an expanding agent E.sub.1. As a result of the expansion, the movable closing body 19o is moved in the direction of the inside of the pipe. As a result, the spindle exerts a high tensile stress on the spring 189 introduced into the tube 1 ′, which is connected to the tube 1 ¹ by the rivet 187. The tube 1 ¹ is thereby maintained in very firm connection with pipe. 1 The tubes 1 and 1 'are moreover, according to their supporting or load-bearing function, provided with further expanding cavities and sealing means as well as with interposed end pieces.

FIG. 27 shows the same exemplary embodiment, but with chemical substances introduced into sheaths 192, 192.

a D

By destroying the shell, e.g. B. by pressure of a movable closing body 193, the chemical react Fabrics and increase their volume. This creates an additional expansion pressure or an additional tension of the pipe 1 reached.

FIG. 28 shows a component consisting of a square tube 1, which is connected to a further component ¹¹ arranged at right angles to it, as follows:

The component has a rigid, e.g. B. welded closure body 194, through which a tension spindle 195, which is attached to a movable end _{piece 195 a} , is passed. Between the closing bodies 194 and 195 there is a cavity which is filled with an expanding agent E-.

The tube 1 ″ has at its left end a pin 196 which engages like a spring in the free end of the tube. The feed rod 195 is secured through a corresponding bore through the spigot 196 hindurchgefül · ^"4 and with a nut 195th The Expansxonsmxttel E. pulls the feed rod 195 downwardly into the interior of the pipe. 1

The tube ¹¹ has a fixed connection body approximately at its end, through which the pin 196 is supported. In addition, these two pipes are additionally equipped according to their function.

FIG. 29 shows a frame-like pipe structure in the embodiment described with FIG. The two supports are designed at their upper and lower ends, as described in relation to the figure, as are the two horizontal pipe connections 1 ″. Below the upper pipe is another, horizontal pipe 1, with pipe sockets 1 extending obliquely to both sides. Dio inclined tube supports 1 engage in receiving elements 1, which are provided on the vertical supports 1. The lower ends of the supports 1 are also supported with inclined tubes 1 _fc . All pipes are ex-

BATH ORIGINAL

-η-

panding means placed in longitudinal tension in a predetermined manner as required. You can do this after Required for very low pressures to be provided with protective tapes, rings, jackets and the like.

Such a framework in which the right-angled connections by high tension of the spindle 196 and through Inclined support 1 or 1, secured against icing and the supporting pipe by additional pipes 1. in connection with inclined pipes welded to it 1 supported ifet, can also be used by all pipes given voltage absorb unusually high loads. FIG. 29 shows pipe openings 198 for filling in the Clamping device and evacuation of the air.

Figure 3o shows a tube frame, consisting of a large number of individual interconnected by pins 2o5_, 2o7_

d ei

connected pipes, 2o1, 2o1 _a , 2o2, 2o3 »The tenons 2o5

and 2o7 "are extensions of corner pieces 2o5 and of a

Intermediate pieces 2o7.

The pipes have openings with supply lines 2o9 and valves 21 ο. Through this clamping means, z. B. after expansion non-hardening clamping means or liquids that are highly compressed, introduced. You operate the pins 2o5 _a , 2o7 _& so that the tubular frame can change its size both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. If such a tubular frame is brought into connection with other structural elements, it can supplement these with a high load-bearing capacity, be it as a support or as a beam. The expansion forces of the clamping devices were then transferred to the other structural elements by moving the tubes in the intended directions. The frame is preferably filled into the frame only after the scaffolding or tubular frame has been placed in its end position in relation to the other components to be actuated.

BATH ORIGINAL

In order to increase the load-bearing capacity of the pipes 2o1, 2o2 in the horizontal direction, cross pipes 2o3 are also required intermediate. Transverse rivets or pins (2o4) can be used to limit the movement of the individual frame tubes z. B. provided holes 2o4 a in the pipe ends and in the pin so that a gradual limitation the pushing out of the extensions, as required, can take place. This allows the pipes to be individually to be excited. Before the clamping devices are introduced, clamping rods or clamping tubes22o, 222 are in longitudinal and To be arranged transversely with screw heads on the pipes. With the clamping devices then filled into the pipes 2o1, 2o2, 2o3 these are also stretched high. At the crossing points the tie rods 2? o, 222 can be slightly bent and thus support one another. Another possibility is to arrange the tubes 22o, 222 on a connecting plate 223, so that the tube 22o is not bent by the crossing tube 222 from its straight position. Cross around the transverse clamping tube 2o3 to be able to, a solid body 225 is interposed and pierced transversely so that the tie rods 22o through the pipe 2o3 can be passed through.

In the pipe corner pieces 2o5 and intermediate pieces 2o7, cylindrical bodies 2o5 _a , 2o7 ₌ are inserted perpendicular to the square pipes, with which the connection with adjacent

Ct

hard pipe frame, e.g. B. to a three-dimensional, by inserting these connecting elements 2o5_, 2o7 ^

there

in corresponding holes in the adjacent elements.

BATH ORIGINAL

To prevent the pipes from bursting, they can Depending on the requirements, provided with protective covers 2o8, especially on the endangered parts of the pipes be. In order to prevent erections, FIG. 31 shows rigidly arranged, z. B. welded sloping corner tubes 211. In these are

Clamping means filled with a predetermined clamping force. Instead, these inclined tubes can be in open connection through openings at the points of contact with the frame tubes 2o1 or 2o2 with expansion means introduced into them, ie they can have the same voltage.
The pins 2o5_, 2o7 _{= can also have} holes,

d el

through which the tension materials of associated pipes are in open connection with one another. It then rules in everyone pipes connected in this way have the same clamping pressure.

In Figure 31, the corner piece itself, according to Figure 3o, is solid. The tension material connection of the The clamping device takes place via the inclined tubes 211.

Figure 31 shows intermediate pipes 2o3 and 2o6, which are at the intersecting Have massive cross bodies 212, which carry pin 212 a in all four directions, the holes 212 ^ own, for the passage of the tension materials. .

FIG. 32 shows a connecting cross 214 with pegs 214 _a which engage in adjacent tubular elements. This connecting cross has sloping tubes 214 in all directions. Thus, it is very effective in preventing the frames or bodies from stretching. The cross and inclined tubes are stretched by tension materials.

FIG. 33 shows a pipe frame in a schematic line manner with inclined tubes 211 cast in concrete.

FIG. 34 shows a bridge consisting of bridge supports 3o1 with support heads 3o1 and foot parts 3o1.

"■ b

Carriers 3o2 are guided over the head parts and provided with a roadway layer 3o2 ₌ . The foot parts 3o1 are

a. D.

connected to each other by girders 3o3, which are also uneven floors bridge.

FIG. 35 shows a cross section through a support 3o1. The support consists of a casing 3o1 in which the clamping tubes 3o4, for example in a round shape, are arranged in accordance with one of the above exemplary embodiments. Expanding fillers E2 are arranged between the tubes. The tubes can be kept in strict order by angled or grooved or ribbed metal sheets 3o5. To support are clamping coats 3o6 consisting Au 2 halves with angled flanges and clamping screws 3o7 down through which the wrapper 3o1 _c of the support during expansion of the filling compound to its hardening is pressed. This prevents the envelope 3o1 from bursting. Then the clamping jacket 3o6 is removed.

FIG. 36 shows a vertical section through a head part 3o1 ₌

a support 3o1. This part has a recess 3o9 in which clamping tubes 3e1o combined to form a unit are arranged in a casing 311. These tensioning elements 31o are provided, for example, with continuous tensioning cables 312 which are embedded _{in an expanding mass E 3.} For this purpose, the tubes can have segment-like hollow space subdivisions 314 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. The filling of the expanding substance is advantageously carried out immediately prior to insertion of the tubes into the sheath 311 and into the recess of the column head 3o9 3o1 _a. This support head has pegs 315 which engage in the pipes 3o4 (FIG. 35). In the same way, pegs of the foot parts 3o1 also engage in the lower open ends of the pipes 3o4. for example by welds, tightly closed between the expanding material E ₃ in these tubes 3o4 and the end pieces 316 seals 318 and body 317 are arranged.

Until the filler E ₂ (see FIG. 35) has hardened, the pipe casing 3o1 is valued over its entire height by means of tensioning jackets 3o6 before blasting. The filling E ^ introduced into the tubes 3o4 tensions the individual tubes 3o4 in a predetermined manner in the longitudinal direction. The tubes are preferably firmly connected to the sleeve 3o1 at the ends, so that their stretching also causes the tension of the sleeve 3o1 at the same time.

The same also applies to the tension of the horizontal tubes 31o. In particular 'can by tensioning the cable 312 z. B. by means of clamping chambers (see Figure 24) these pipes and by means of their envelope to which their ends are firmly connected, the carriers as a whole have a high load-bearing capacity. What has been stated applies accordingly to the supports 3o2 arranged transversely to the pipe units 311.

The lower pipe connections 3o3 can be equipped in the same way as the carriers 3o2. The foot parts 3o1, are rigidly connected to the carriers 3o3. The bridge designed in this way is able to withstand the high tension forces in the columns and carriers to carry extremely high loads with a relatively low cost of materials.

BATH ORIGINAL

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS 1 »Component, consisting of a hollow body, which on all sides can be closed airtight and vapor-tight by rigid or movable closing bodies and tensioning materials has in the cavity which put its walls in tension at least in a predetermined direction, characterized in that at least one element is arranged for the cavity, which serves to prevent the component from bulging and bursting. 2. Component according to claim 1 characterized in that a z. B. clamping tube or more Protective tubes are arranged that absorb the transverse pressure in the clamping tube at least with the part that bursts the inner filler pipe would cause. 3 "Component according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the clamping body, e.g. B. a clamping tube and / or outwardly following tubes are encased by a pressure jacket, consisting of z. B. from two pipe halves with flanges that can be screwed in the longitudinal direction. 4. ' Component according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ManLeltoilo with pressure] .annur.q on the r'.pnnriHJrjH-r, ■ / .. n. Da. ·; Clamping tube or a rdiutzrohr, e.g. B. by provision -.tuben their flanges are pressed on. 5. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an intermediate layer or an intermediate layer, at least in sections, between the clamping tube and the protective tube and / or jacket There is a gap ·. BATH ORIGINAL 6. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the space between the core tube and the protective tube is smaller than the transverse stretchability allows and thus the protective tube the transverse stretching pressure of the smaller core pipe with increasing expansion so far absorbs / that prevents bulging and bursting of the inner core tube is. 7. component according to at least one of the preceding claims] characterized in that the ends of the protective tube protrude from the core and carry pressure-resistant sealing bodies which are arranged against the core sealing bodies and are pressed against them with pressure are held in this position and the stretching pressure of the expanding core tubes over the end body and thus tension the outer protective tube and prevent it from bulging or bursting. 8. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the outer protective tube over the end of its protective tube closure body protrudes to accommodate connecting elements for connection with adjoining components as well as the inclusion of ζ. B. expanding Substances, e.g. B. expanding concrete as a supporting support for connecting the ceiling and floor. 9. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the outer protective tube reinforcements and if necessary Cross-securing means, the z. B. are cast in concrete, has. 10. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the termination of the protective tube and the core tube of one single correspondingly designed for engagement common closure body is formed, which covers the entire core tensioned and possibly also the outer protective tube. 11. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that through the closure body closing off the core tube, cross screws for connection to the outer protective tube and possibly whose voltage are passed through. 12. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cavity of the outer protective tube ..abel, Rods, spindles or the like are arranged, which are cast around with expanding filler (Fig. 4). 13. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the outer protective tube, ζ. B. made of concrete in the longitudinal direction rods, cables, spindles or the like are cast, which are preferably via cross screws or in advance by means of anchoring their ends to the Ends of the protective tube are stretched. 14. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cables, rods, spindles are stretched. 15. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the upper and lower horizontal protective tubes pretensioned at least in the middle. Cables, rods, spindles or the like are cast. ^BATH y * w ο ο 16. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer protective tube has an angular cavity and the core tube with wedge-shaped on its outer Surface arranged extensions under the pressure of expanding fillers in the corners of the cavity, the protective tube exciting, intervening » 17 »Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that At least one further body with a cavity is arranged in the cavity of a body and cavities Are formed. Which are closed on all sides and filled with tension materials. 18. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component consists of several tubes or other a cavity limiting elements and bodies movable under the expansion pressure, which are arranged in the element, be operated. 19. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping tubes inserted in a clamping tube clamp several tubes in parallel in a common outer tube. 2oo component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several clamping tubes or clamping profiles from an outer Tube are encased, which is stretched by tensioning materials in at least one of the cavities. ο component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe ends with groove or »tongue for mutual Intervention are equipped » 22. Bauelcmont according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that ends of two pipes to be connected to one another with opposing external threads are provided and a high-pressure corresponding nut the ends in itself absorbs and protects them from bulging. 23. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the closure bodies have bores through which inside the tube piston with its piston rods moved outwards and / or protrudes outwards in the opposite direction be moved inwards. 24. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that spindles, cables, ropes, wires and the like with their Ends of movable tension elements within a clamping body, e.g. B. a pipe attached and stretched are. 25. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity of the pipe or the like has rigid intermediate subdivisions and these cavity parts with tension material are filled, which span the pipe at least over this part-length. 26. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the one or both ends of the tube located Partial spaces are filled with tension material and operate moving parts. 27. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that free spaces are provided within the tube that are rigidly limited to one side and on the other side have movable intermediate bodies and these movable intermediate bodies require- I · » • ·· if with round iron, spindles, piston rods protrude outwards. 28. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rigid subdivisions have bores for the passage of movable round bars, spindles, piston rods and the same. 29. The component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expanding and other fillers are filled in under pressure and, if necessary, at the optimum temperature are, for which purpose appropriate closures with removable lines and valves are provided. 30. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ends of a tube that of the receptacle expand Means serves, with rigidly connected, z. B. expanding closing body that absorb the pressure in the longitudinal direction and put the pipe in tension. 31. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the ends of a tube has a movably displaceable closure body which controls the pressure movement passes on to neighboring components. 32. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement of the movable closing body is limited and the filling pipe is limited by the still existing expansion pressure is put in tension. 33. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Hydraulically compressed fluids can also be used as an expanding agent. 34. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion pressure of the liquid can be deflected in the desired direction via appropriate pipelines. 35. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laws of hydraulics, e.g. B. the law of PASCAL (hydrostatic pressure), to which liquids (water, oil) filled pipes are used (hydraulic power transmission or - translation). 36. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the components are cast and the cast jacket is provided with pipe reinforcements and these pipes with expanding Substances and liquids are filled. 37. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded component, support tubes and the like, cavity bodies possesses, which with expanding, the pipes tensioning means, e.g. with plaster of paris or with other expanders the sulphates or liquids filled with hydraulic pressure. 38. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes or hollow bodies are somehow connected to one another to form frames and racks. 39. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cast frame after two at an angle to each other lying sides forms the two springs of the component. 40. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that support tubes, support frames, supporting tube frames and the like, which are made with expanding materials, are incorporated into the structural elements and liquids, e.g. B. via closures and removable bare supply lines can be filled with valves, poured in and then filled. 41. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support and load-bearing elements to be poured in before pouring with expanding substances and liquids are filled. 42. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims , characterized in that the support and bearing elements of the component can be connected to adjacent components. 43. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame and racks of the individual components together to form an overall frame or overall frame, e.g. B. to a wall or ceiling. 44. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling of the expanding substances and / or liquids, e.g. B. under hydraulic pressure oil, in the pipes, racks and the like, takes place only after the casting compound of the component has hardened. 45ο component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end parts of the individual tubes or the corner parts of two Pipes to be connected are provided with movable closing bodies or triangular bodies and dio to be filled expanding substances and / or liquids stretch the pipes and the component. 46. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion pipes serving as beams have at least one smaller pipe with the formation of corresponding cavities with each other and the flexural strength and thus the load-bearing capacity is increased by fillers. 47. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h characterized in that the inner smaller tube is arranged eccentrically in the lower part of the horizontally lying larger tube and expanding substances are filled in the surrounding space of the larger pipe. 48. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the larger filler pipe is a square pipe 49. component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduced, smaller tube is a z. B. approximately star-shaped is square with inwardly curved longitudinal sides formed square tube, which with its corners in engages the corners of the larger square tube, for which purpose the smaller tube is filled with expanding agents. 5o.Bauelement according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filler pipe forms a cylinder in which a Piston with piston rod is movably arranged and the piston is moved by the expanding means, wherein the piston rod transmits the movement outward at least in one direction. 51. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston rod is designed in both directions and can thus cause tension and pressure at the same time. 52. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder carries fixed closing bodies on both sides, the through-holes for the passage of the piston rod own. 53.Bauelement according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the movable piston strikes one of the closing bodies and then tension the cylinder tube. 54. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the annular space between the inner smaller core tube and the larger core tube expanding material is filled. 55. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the smaller core tube is inserted eccentrically. 56. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that opposite to the eccentric position of the inner, smaller core tube in the larger core tube cable, rods, spindle] or the like are stretched and preferably encased with tension material. 57. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner support cross is arranged in the smaller core tube. 58. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a smaller one is inserted into the larger core tube in such a way that it is linearly the inner tube surface of the larger core tube touches, wherein at least the larger core tube is provided with an expanding filler. 59. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims / characterized in that in the corner parts of the protective tube angle elements, e.g. B. are arranged from steel. 60. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a triangular element, with the tip pointing downwards, with the horizontal side connected to the cavity above through openings in the larger core tube is inserted and an expanding filler is introduced into these two cavities, through which the outer tube and the triangular element are stretched. 61. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the larger core tube above the triangular Element a pre-tensioned cable (or rod or spindle) is introduced, which is from the expanding filler is tightly enclosed and additionally stretched. 62. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavities formed by the inner elements (e.g. tubes, triangular elements) are closed with tension bodies are. 63. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner core tubes, triangular elements and the like for the arrangement of the closing body closing them off accordingly are kept shorter and are in exciting contact with the closing body of the larger core tube or Form parts of the same. 64. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a seal is arranged between the terminating bodies is. 65. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least in the upper corner parts of the protective tube pre-stressed cables? Rods, spindles or the like are cast. 66. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core consists of an angular hollow body, the side surfaces of which are concave inward between two corners are arched and the hollow core body is filled with an expanding material through which at least the core sheath is curious about the train » 67. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the inwardly concavely curved core side surfaces through the expanding filler in directions are clamped on the outside and thus the corners of the hollow core body in the inner corners of the protective tube, this cross-tensioning, pressing and at the same time over the end body of the core body this in the longitudinal direction tension on tension. 58. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a smaller tube is preferably preloaded in 'Core body is arranged. 69. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that on the inner surfaces of the lower concave side of the Core body with a tube with a smaller diameter 3. Final body is attached, the ends of which b2w. Closing bodies are in contact with the closing bodies of the core. 70. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims? characterized by the fact that the smaller tube, depending on the requirement, with expanding Filler is provided, through which the lower part of the supporting beam is additionally placed in yield stress. 71. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the spaces between the inner surfaces of the angular protective tube and the core body prestressed cables, rods, spindles and the like are arranged, the Ends with the end bodies of the core body; -> rs anchored are. 72. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims / characterized in that the filler tubes are bent. 73. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shell parts are pressed into the perforations of the solid panels so that they remain airtight without damage and from externally applied connecting means fill these thus formed shell depressions in a cone-shaped manner. 74. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cone-shaped engagement of the binding agent change ·: ... tig on both sides of the honeycomb panel, crfolqt. 75. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cone-shaped binder by casting around the encased Kerns are firmly connected to the shell mass. ^BATH 76. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that means, B. final body, are arranged by which is tensioned by expanding substances (including compressed water) in predetermined directions are offset. 77. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavity is tubular and movable at its ends and / or rigidly arranged, airtight and vapor-tight closing bodies. 78. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the closure body in clamping tubes, which are assigned in several directions (tightly closing) engage. 79th component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations gekennzeichn-et that the closing body through-holes have, through which expanding substances, e.g. B. calcium sulfates, swelling cements or compressed Liquids (e.g. water) under pressure are in open communication with adjacent cavities. 80. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that several cavities of one Place are put in tension together. 81. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the hollow bodies are tubes, which run around a frame and can be moved to one another. 82. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that connecting means, ?,. B. tie rods and the like are arranged, which are stretched through the frame tubes. 83. Component according to at least one of the preceding Claims characterized in that further clamping tubes - preferably with upward curvature and provided with expanding materials, are arranged. O ο 0 t, bit β « η4 «component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized? that crossing tension rods are held by crosspoint elements. 85 “Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the tension rods are guided airtight through frame tubes. 86. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the passage point with. is equipped with a massive intermediate body. 87. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the massive intermediate body has a transverse hole to accommodate the tie rod 88. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the massive intermediate body has a longitudinal through-hole or the like to the longitudinal passage of the filler = .89. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that several frame-shaped circumferential « Tensioning tubes are combined to form a supporting tube structure = , Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the metal parts without obstruction the exercise of tension are welded to form units of the body. 91 «, component according to at least one of the preceding claims
characterized in that the framework by means such as BATH ORIGINAL »Β» Φ Λ «. β, The oblique angle is free from jagging and bending. .92; Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that clamping plates are clamped by the clamping tubes in all directions. 93. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the framework carries clamping plates on multiple sides in the stressed state. .94. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the clamping plates are arranged and tensioned in a double position and so form cavities, which are used in particular to accommodate insulating materials. 95. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the edge parts of the clamping plates, for. B. U-shaped include the clamping tubes. 9 ^. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that tensioned load-bearing strength and / pipes with expanding in the cavities of the clamping plates Substances as well as, preferably outwardly, against the scaffolding tubes, movable closing bodies, whereby z. B. high load-bearing walls, ceilings and floors are formed. 97. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that pipes with expanding fillers are used as load-bearing supports between its building shells are arranged. BATH ORIGINAL 98. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tube cavities are subdivided into several separate cavities and the dividing means are movable. 9. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that various expanding means are present in the cavities are e.g. B. floating, swelling agents on the one hand and liquids compressed by pressure (e.g. Water), on the other hand. . Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the liquids are so compressed by the expanding substances, that they have the same pressure as this one. . Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the expanding substances are inserted elastically between inwardly curved walls are. 102. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the horizontal pipe beams are surrounded by protruding support parts. 103. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the successive Tubes are formed like a tongue and groove at their ends and interlock. · ORIGINAL BATHROOM ^v $ 3 1o4. Component according to r.iinaoatens ad _pr preceding •Expectations characterized in that clamping means are arranged in the successive tubes, the connect them tightly under tension towards each other. . Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that means expanding for tension are arranged. 1o6. Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that elastic means are arranged at the clamping means and pipe ends. . Component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that in a cavity subdivision with at least one movable closure body Substances and / or liquids are introduced, preferably in flexible envelopes, which in their Mixing, e.g. B. by destroying the casings, gases develop or chemical compounds form, which take up a larger volume than before is provided. 1o8 · component according to at least one of the preceding Expectations characterized in that the ends of the horizontal tubes (bars) with vertical pins of their end body engage in the ends of vertical supports. ORIGINAL -3Ή15760 109. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the component consists of at least two nested pipes separated from each other in airtight and vapor-tight manner, preferably made of steel, of which the small tube is filled with expanding materials and attached to his ■ art both ends airtight, preferably by means of a solid closure body and seals are closed, by means of which the larger pipe is also closed at its ends. 110. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the larger tube with its ends opposite the smaller Pipe protrudes. 111. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least the smaller tube of pressure-resistant rings or like against buckling is kept unchanged in its diameter, whereby the expansion pressure of the expanding The fabric is directed in the longitudinal direction. 112. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the securing rings, bands and the like are divided and ' are tightened with screws. 113. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the closure body of the larger pipe, the ends of the small Ren tube include. 114. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that sealing means are arranged in the ends of the smaller tube which are pressed against the closing body of the larger pipe. 115. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sealing elastic intermediate layer is arranged between the closure bodies. 116. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sealing means are arranged at the ends of the smaller tube which are pressed against the closing body of the larger pipe. 117. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sealing, elastic intermediate layer between the Closing bodies is arranged. 118. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe ends are designed as pipe grooves into which Engage tube springs. 119. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that filling openings to the cavity of the inner tube in the Pipe walls are provided. 120. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Suction openings are provided to the cavities. 121. Component according to at least one of the preceding addresses, characterized in that in the smaller tube an air- and vapor-tight, hose-like Sheath is introduced, which preferably corresponds to a larger dimension than the cavity of the smaller tube, is. ORfGINAL 122. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hose-like sheath with expanding, driving, swelling substances or expanding liquids compressed by pressure. 123. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity of the larger tube surrounding the smaller tube with expanding means, e.g. B. compressed Water, is filled. 124. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity of the larger pipe including the small pipe with an oversized air and Lined vapor-tight shell to accommodate expanding agents. 125. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the smaller tube in cross-section star-shaped with four engaging in the inner corners of the square tube and these outwardly pressing tips are formed. 126. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer tube with the closing bodies through transverse pins, Screws or the like is firmly connected. 127. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the larger tube is prevented from bulging by ring-shaped or band-shaped transverse tensioning means. 128. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure exerted by the expanding means in the smaller pipe in the longitudinal direction over the common, on the outer Tube fastened closure body also the outer tube in tensile stress offset. 129. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cross pins also through the pipe ends of the smaller Pipe are guided and this is offset in longitudinal tension. 130. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the smaller star-shaped tube has inwardly curved walls owns. 131. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the inner round tube is arranged eccentrically in the tube. 132. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner tube is a round tube. 133. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer tube is a round tube. 134. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fillers to be introduced into the closed cavities, in particular expanding substances, with a predetermined pressure. 135. component according to at least one of the preceding claims, that the substances to be introduced under pressure mixed ^"1 ichenfalls optimum temperatures in erfordor and are combined and fed while maintaining the optimal pressure and temperature, if necessary, into the cavities. 136. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavities by amiere substances (z. B. water) with a optimal pressure are filled in and the new one to be filled in Substance against this pressure while displacing the previous substance (e.g. water) while maintaining it of this pressure are filled. 137. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the by nesting, z. B. formed by tubes separate cavities, expanding substances (e.g. water) introduced at different pressures are, whereby the pressures in the cavities located on the outside decrease. 138. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the first substance (e.g. water) in a dense, flexible Sheath is introduced and displaced to the outside via an adjustable valve without mixing with the new substance will. 139. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the successive cavities, the pipes combined with one another have different pressures, preferably outwardly decreasing pressures exist. 140. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that tensioning straps are tensioned, preferably around the outer tube are that have inwardly directed pressure bodies, pressure strips or the like with which they have cavity walls, z. B. flat walls of a square tube, bend inwards and thus increase their resilience . 141. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in an outer tube, ζ. B. Square tube one to two opposite sides inwardly curved tube is introduced airtight. 142. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper and lower side of the inner tube reinforce the adjacent sides of the outer square tube. 143. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that In the lower half of the inner tube a smaller round tube is arranged, which preferably has three sides Makes contact with the inner tube. 144. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a filling with a stronger one in the inner tube Expansion pressure is, - z. B. a filling with a sulfate - than in the surrounding pipe - ζ. Β. contain a filling with compressed water. 145. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing body fork-shaped into the cavities formed by the inner curvatures of the sides of the inner tube intervene sealingly. 146. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavities of the square tube are airtight and one Have negative pressure "U". 147. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in an outer tube, ζ. B. Square tube, one to two them. opposite sides inwardly curved tube air- at least one support strip perpendicular to the upper and lower sides of the pipe is tightly fastened. 148. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A zigzag block or a corrugated block between 2 support strips Sheet is arranged. 149. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an expanding material is introduced into the inwardly curved tube. 150. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the terminating body is forked into the inner arches engage the sides of the inner tube seal formed cavities. 151. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavities of the outer tube, for. B. square tube are airtight and have a negative pressure "U". 152. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in an outer tube, for. B. a square tube approximately conical body is arranged between both inner walls curved inwards towards it, making the whole cavity is divided into three cavities. 153. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavities are arranged airtight against one another. f> 4. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the individual with expans. Fillings with hollow spaces with fillings in flexible, airtight and vapor-tight envelopes, which have a larger volume than corresponds to the cavity. 155. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims. characterized in that the cavities are differently filled with fillers, liquids and / or gases are filled. 156. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure in the cavity of the central body, e.g. B. conical body is less than in the cavity surrounding it between the arched inner VIi Jen. 157. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavities between the outer tube and the curved walls have a negative pressure "U". 158. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that two inwardly curved inner walls in an outer tube Are arranged airtight to the perpendicular side walls of the outer tube and evacuable cavities to create a negative pressure ("U"). 159. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that centrically or between the curved inner walls eccentrically a tube is arranged, which preferably carries reinforcement rings at intervals, the bottom with a solid round rod or a corresponding tube, e.g. B. by welding, are firmly connected. • r # «* 160. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the tube a smaller tube eccentrically in the lower Part attached to the inner surface of the tube and preferably rings around this eccentrically arranged tube are placed with which it is welded to the pipe. 161. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that Steel straps are stretched around the outer tube at intervals. 162. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that between the vertical side walls of the outer tube and the steel bands arranged massive round iron or corresponding pipes, z. B. are welded by clamping pressure of the steel straps, arch at least the vertical side wall of the outer tube inwards. 163. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tubes with expansive fillings, e.g. B. with sulfates or compressed water. 164. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavities between the inner walls with expansive Fillings are provided. 165. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that an airtight outer tube is a Tube and in this a smaller tube are arranged hermetically sealed with expansive fillings are provided. 166. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the central tube the expansion pressure is higher than in the other pipes. 167. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the larger edge tube of corner support means on more than four Support points or longitudinal support lines is supported against bulging. 168. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a somewhat larger protective tube around a central clamping tube is placed with an inner diameter, the box transverse expansion of the central tube its expansive stretching force to one Part transfers to the surrounding protective tube to the extent that the central clamping tube does not explode. 169. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several tubes with a corresponding diameter are arranged concentrically with such inner diameters that none of the pipes is blown up by the expansive force of one of the pipes. 170. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space between the tubes with expansive fillings, z. B. water, lower voltage, - with several protective tubes gradually decreasing - is filled, through which of \ ohr to pipe the expansive force is transmitted with a partial amount, so that none of the pipes can be blown up. 171. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a common closure body in the cavities formmentspreche, engages. 172. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that separate closure bodies are arranged overlapping to the outside. 173. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a square tube enclosing all tubes is placed around the largest protective tube. 174. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the four inner corners of the square tube are circular Bodies or balls are inserted that support the protective tube and tension the corners. 175. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized by the fact that the space between the square tube and the protective tube is filled with an expansive agent so that part of the expansive pressure of the upstream protective tube and thus the clamping tube is transferred to the square tube. 176. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a negative pressure in the space between the square tube and the protective tube and the atm. External pressure the Pushes the outer surfaces of the square tube inwards with the support of the protective tube. 177. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the square tube is secured against detonation with outer straps. 178. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that rings are placed around the protective tube to protect against detonation are. 179. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to seal against the closure body elastic seals are placed. 180. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that movable against the elastic seals from the inside of the pipe Closing body are arranged. 181. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in a larger tube, ζ. Β. a square tube small tube, which is expanded funnel-shaped at its ends, is introduced. 182. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the smaller tube is filled with an expanding substance with its funnel-shaped ends. 183. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the expansive substances are approximately in the diameter of the closure body press this flat. 184. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that seals between the closing bodies and the expansive) Fabric are arranged. BATH ORIGINAL 185. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer tube, the inner tube and the closing body by means of the connection smi.ttel projecting transversely through them are connected to each other. 186. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that In the space between the smaller pipe and the square pipe an expansive substance, ζ. Β. compressed water, introduced is to increase the counter pressure of the walls of the smaller pipe against the expansive pressure inside of the smaller pipe. 187. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that There are reinforcement rings around the smaller tube. 188. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that reinforcement bands and / or rings around the outer tube are laid. 189. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a larger pipe, ζ. B. square tube a round tube is arranged and in this a smaller round tube and expansive substances are contained in the annular cavity of the tube, but in the cavity of the outer one There is an adjustable negative pressure in the pipe and a lower pressure than in the central cavity of the pipe annular cavity of the pipe. 190. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that square bars are introduced into the corners of the square tube are pressed by the round tube. BAD ORfGIN / 191. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cavities with expanding substances so to each other are arranged that an intermediate cavity with fillers by the expansion of the adjacent Voids is compressed and the fillers, e.g. B. concrete, are compacted. 192. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that after the fillers have hardened in the intermediate cavity, its casing (walls, shells) can be removed. 193. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate cavity consists of two parts that can be pushed into one another, e.g. B. shells or pipes. 194. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that means are arranged with which pressure chambers or Tubes with variable-volume cavities Their pressure can be regulated as required, transmitted in any direction or against a distant one another object or against another object location of the same object. 195. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that chemical substances are introduced that have a larger volume overall when they form compounds than before the connection. ORIGINAL 196. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that substances that change their volume elastically in the pipe, z. B. compressed liquids (oil, water) are introduced with pressure and according to their compressive stress cause tension. 197. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that means are added to the tension material for the effect of a the tension material displaceably preserved consistency, z. B. liquid or pulpy consistency. 198. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressive stress of the expanding materials on adjacent elements, structures and the like, e.g. B. Railroad tracks is transferred. 199. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the energized adjacent elements these Forces on moving parts acting in the opposite direction, exercise, e.g. B. the rails placed under pressure-tension from the outside against the pressure of the wheel rims of a train act when negotiating the curve. 200. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the fillers in the cavities by iron changes z. B. hydration and / or crystallization or release of other substances, e.g. B. a gas, a larger total volume gain. 201. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Substances are entered into the cavities of clamping bodies, the chemical compounds that increase the volume with water enter. T. 202. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims; characterized in that the one its volume enlarging with pressure increase substance this pressure on compressible liquid and / or transfers pulpy substances. 203. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the displaceable tension materials, for. B. compressed Liquids (oil, water) with associated moving parts act on neighboring elements. 204. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressed liquid exerts its compressive stress on adjacent objects, e.g. B. already prestressed pressure chambers which in turn transfers the DrL, in pre-determined Exercise direction. 205. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims: characterized in that, by increasing the volume of a pressure chamber, its displaceable, opposing walls, by means of connecting means arranged opposite to their movement, z. 3. by means of round bars, spindles, pipes, objects that are arranged at the ends of the connecting means, move towards each other. 206. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filled substance changes its volume after adding water. 207. Component according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the filler z. B. reduced its volume by additions and actuates a movable part that variably closes the filler cavity. BATH ORIGINAL 2C8. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
The tension material is cement, which is created by driving additives
swells under pressure » 209. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cement in an optimal ratio to the volume increase Clay, sulfates, oxides, anhydrites, hydraulic factors, stimulants and water are preferably added under pressure. 210. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the cement is predominantly alumina cement, the sulphates and Oxides are added for swelling. 211. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the driving mass clamping iron z. B. in rod form
or in profile form, e.g. B. inserted for reinforcement and
if necessary, are anchored in it. 212. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that · that into the individual envelopes bzu /. into the individual cavities
Pipes with valves protrude and dia valves at predetermined z. B. open with matched to the valves of the same component pressures in the cavities. 213. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
concentric around a tube, its closed cavity
is filled with expanding agent, u / more tubes are arranged and through Cliiuruchruubon, UuurnioLcn udor
the like are connected to each other so that at least zuuei pipes together from the expanding means of the
Clamping tube are stretched and stretched. BATH -r 214. Gauolcment according to at least one of the preceding claims! characterized in that moving parts for transmission within the components the expansion forces on inner parts or shells and / cdci outer and / or adjacent components are arranged. 215. Component n ^ ch at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the concentric and / or eccentric tubes or soujohl similar moving parts assigned to them (e.g. also cables) by means of filled expanding agents, in predetermined directions - e.g. B. to exert tensile stress for connection to neighboring components or of 'compressive stresses to support them and / or for their erection or their pivoting, or their displacement and the like - press. 216. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims through this. characterized in that the components are subdivided into a plurality of cavities are, of which a part is filled with expanding agents and there are free spaces between them, the Displacements of movable, the subdivided cavities variable in the longitudinal direction delimiting end parts have, and have movable transmission organs with which the expansion forces as required in pressure and / or tensile stresses to other elements, in particular are transformed to neighboring components. 217. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by expanding means, e.g. B. by mixtures of anhydrites, CaIc. Oxide, CaIc.-Sulphates, Tricalciurn - iUum.-Sulphate, CiGcnoxiden, exciters and the like in Vurbindum, with water through crystallization and / or by means of compressed liquids, cavity elements, inserts, partial fillings and the like are in motion and / or placed in tension and / or are compressed and the state of tension is permanently kept up-to-date. BATH ORIGINAL 218. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized by the fact that the fillings are dry mixtures to which liquids and stimulators as well as catalysts have been added and optimal temperatures for the chemical reaction are maintained at an already existing or to be generated pressure are. 219. Components according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a double tube with immovable, annular end bodies and expanding materials in the annular cavity around the joints between two components, e.g. B. two Support tubes, is laid (Fig. 2a). 22Ü. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the double tube is annular, movable in the annular cavity Zujischenabstützkörper possesses 221. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that both pipes bziu. Pipe parts of the anvil pipe are clamped. 222. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims there. characterized by that several flexible sleeves, e.g. B. plastic films, air- and sealed against one another in a vapor-tight manner, arranged one inside the other and individually separated via filling and possibly evacuation devices with different substances, z. B. expanding substances or compressible Liquids such as water, Ul and the like are filled with each other to a predetermined extent. 223. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a smaller pipe is preferred in a larger pipe is displaceably arranged and the smaller tube is designed as a spring in the adjacent tube end, which is a groove ORIGINAL INSPECTED COPY is designed, can be inserted and at least that smaller tube is filled with expanding agents and stretched. 224. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that both pipe ends are designed as grooves and a third, • Carrying longitudinally stretched pipe, connecting the pipes, in both pipe ends is pushed in. 225. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable means arranged inside the structural element are pistons with piston rods, the piston rods are arranged in the same or opposite direction of the piston movement and by expanding Means to exert compressive or tensile stress. 226. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection of neighboring components takes place via opposing threads at their ends, in the nuts with appropriate engage opposing threads connecting. 227. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing body of the subdivided cavity of the component have through-holes for passage of moving elements, e.g. B. of piston rods or cables. 228. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the bores are pressure-tight, airtight sealed. 229. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tubes are formed from rolled metal sheets, plates, whose longitudinal cut edges preferably overlap and are sealed. INSPECTED COP *. 230. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that at least zujei such sheets rolled into tubes Plates are arranged at a distance concentrically to one another, with the addition of a seal, the Longitudinal edges of the two rolled sheets or the like lie in the opposite direction. 231. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a cavity, 'ζ. B. tube one or more about spiral-shaped, elastic, resilient, rolled-up etiua tubular hollow spaces forming longitudinal metal walls are introduced, which rest against outwardly following walls of the component • and sealed by elastic seals arranged in a ziuischen are. 232. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ziuischen ordered bodies are piston-like elements, with piston rods in the direction of them too. more actuating. Elements. 233. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized 'characterized in that the clamping body consists of at least zujei half-parts, e.g. B. Pipe parts is formed. 234. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims dadu.rch marked that around the tensioned pipe parts or the like accordingly molded protective parts are placed with inlet seals. 235. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Protective jackets, protective tapes, protective rings and the like are placed around the component or parts thereof. 236. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized ,, that surrounding the or the tensioned pipe concentric ORIGINAL INSPECTED ^C0PY Pipes and protective equipment, ζ. Β. Protective sheath are in place, consisting z. B. from to / egg half parts, with screwed angled tensionable flanges. 237. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that in the following cavities to the outside such There is counter pressure so that the inner clamping tubes are not blown apart. 238. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that by protective rings, tapes, jacket and the like such back pressure is exerted on the enclosed cavity that the inner cavity does not burst can occur. 239. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective jacket and the like at the same time as external clamping means for compressing the ones filled into the hollow body Serving means. 240. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that A component with a mass to be compacted is arranged between two expanding hollow bodies, which through the countermovement of the walls of the expanding hollow body is placed under high pressure and the mass with this Tension compacted hardened. 241. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the mass to be compressed clamping elements, z. B. concave inwardly curved sheets, plates, strips or the like: are introduced with tension and harden with the mass to be compacted. ORIGINAL INSPECTED 115760 ' : Q ^ J ¹ T'O j. 242. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the pressing of the expanded cavity with the same Force takes place as the movement of the cavity parts by the expanding force; 243. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movements of the parts delimiting the cavity takes place in more than two directions. 244. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to the rigid stationary cavity walls at a distance inwardly movable walls in at least two directions are arranged with means such. .B. Spindles, rods, cables are provided protruding outwards, through which counter-movements take place. 245. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the highly stressed cavity of the clamping body is preferably is pressure-resistant from all sides by means moved in the opposite direction. 246. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansive means are spatially subdivided in a total cavity of a clamping body and the type and / or the degree of expansion and possibly the consistency of different agents are combined with one another. 247. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that movable and / or stationary bodies are arranged between the various means in the cavity. 248. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cables, ropes, wires and the like running through the ORJGINAL INSPECTED ^ ^C0PY OK / ^{L: y::} Cavities, ζ. B. are guided by pipes, are held by perforated Ziuischenkörperern in their predetermined position. 249. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the clamping body, for. B. a tube in its cavity at least has a smaller diameter tube with a closed cavity, and at least in one of the existing ones Cavities a variable volume means is preferably introduced with pressure, through which longitudinal and / or Transverse stresses of the component are caused. 250. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby geken η ζ gauges that around inner tubes in an annular distance surrounding them. Pipes and possibly protective rings, spacer rings or the like (in the annular intermediate cavity) are arranged. 251. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims. characterized in that the inner tubes of all successive components continuously open to each other as lines for receiving and forwarding liquids, gases, for example under high pressure, are connected to one another and the expanding means surrounding them in an annular manner and / or concentrically assigned pipes apply the necessary counter pressure to prevent the guide pipes from bursting. 252. Components according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the tensioned cables, ropes, wires, and the like eccentrically in the tensioned pipe, preferably in hardening fillers, e.g. B. expanding materials are arranged. 253. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that • at the ends of the clamping bodies (e.g. clamping tubes) or one Series of such structural elements with expanding means . see 8 volume-variable clamping chambers for clamping girders, cables according to. ^ the like, are arranged. ORfQiNAL INSPECTED f » 115760 .l ^{:. ::} J '\ ~ O \ - fr 254. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby marked ze ichnet that the expanding clamping body, clamping tubes and the like on the pre-tensioned pulley rope, e.g. B. a block and tackle are arranged with bias and with their Tension the rope at the end that describes the shorter path. 255. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wave wheels are actuated by the movement of the cable end which describes the shorter path. " 256. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims d by characterized in that •. especially simple machines (in the sense of physics) for example Rope, pulley, shaft wheel, screw, wedge, inclined path, from the clamping bodies, clamping chambers, clamping tubes are actuated. 257. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that scissor spreaders are actuated by the clamping bodies. 258. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that solid bodies, e.g. B. concrete body through the clamping elements are put in tension. 259. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that liquids through the component or clamping body in Compressive stress are offset. 260. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the relatively short force path of the expanding substance or the moving part of a clamping body, clamping chamber or the like attacking the moving bottle part of a pulley block is translated into a longer load path, ORfGiNAL INSPECTED COPY " - '' 'O (slS''i' ■ O .1 ζ. B. ropes, wheels, screws, inclined plane and the like. 261. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that " the component is combined with ropes and pulleys, in particular with fixed and loose pulley forks. 262. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized,. that the tensile force on the less moving rope bzu /. the- • speaking loose roller fork attacks and acts with a force that is so much greater than the distance is shorter compared to the long way of the other end of the rope that moves the load. 263. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized; that Objects or parts to be exciting, e.g. B. Bridges, arranged with their ends at the end of the rope completing the long way and the expanded tensioning body, tensioning chambers, at the end of the pulley rope that takes the shorter path or the loose roller fork of a pulley. 264. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rollers according to the differential roller train of different sizes and firmly connected to each other are. 265. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulleys of a block and tackle are connected with arches of bridges, with the shorter moving rope end on the horizontal bridge part (e.g. roadway) and the longer moving part attached to the apex of the tensioning arch is, so that when the horizontal bridge deck is lowered, the distance from the apex of the arch to the road is reduced by η-times the lowering according to the number of rollers of the bottle eye under corresponding Increasing the tension of the arch. ORIGINAL INSPECTED 266. Permanent element according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that a plurality of clamping bodies, e.g. B. clamping tubes to one Unit are arranged in a common envelope. 267. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spaces between the clamping bodies or clamping tubes are filled with hardening fillers. 268. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fillers in the interstices are expanding substances. 269. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the casing is made of concrete. 270. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that angled between the clamping bodies or clamping tubes and / or grooved, ribbed plates are arranged. 271. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims characterized in that the hardening of the concrete casing under the pressure of a preferably removable protective jacket takes place under compaction of the concrete. 272. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims thereby g. indicates that in the open ends dor together to form a bundle (unit) Mounted pipes connecting pins of head or foot elements are used. 273. Component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Tensioning cables are arranged or passed through in tensioning tubes with expanding means. INSPECTED