DE3115441A1 - Fully lined disc brake arranged in the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles and having mechanical application and a hydraulic or pneumatic actuating device - Google Patents

Description

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Compared to partially lined disc brakes, fully lined disc brakes have the advantage that they use convection to remove the greater part of the heat to be dissipated to the environment during braking derive. This only applies to the full-lined disc brake type with circumferential, externally ribbed housing. A replacement of the housing by a rotating disk between the Friction linings do not even have thermal advantages compared to the inferior ones of the fully lined disc brake with a circumferential housing Partly lined disc brake. The proportion of the braking heat dissipated by convection in the radial openings of the brake disc makes up only a fraction of the total heat generated during braking and that of the partially lined disc brake heat dissipation takes place predominantly through radiation is blocked due to the covering of the brake disc by the full lining rings. Since the heat transfer value to the air increases with Relative speed between the brake outer surface and the cooling air increases and full-lined disc brakes occur radial outer ribs are designed for a particularly good air flow, these brakes are particularly suitable for one Installation on the drive shaft of heavy wheeled and tracked vehicles, where a transmission between drive and wheel or Chain is provided. In the mentioned use cases the brakes preferably inside the vehicle pan on the outer wall, but sometimes also outside the vehicle pan also housed on the outer wall.

At present, fully-lined disc brakes with an externally closed housing are essentially used here. With them takes place the mechanical tensioning via a lever on the side facing the wall of the vehicle in the area of the housing ribs lies. This leaves an air space between the circumferential brake housing and the vehicle pan that provides sufficient air space Supply and discharge of the cooling air guaranteed. The disadvantage here, however, is that the narrow design of a full-facing disc

3115441 brake cannot be used sufficiently.

In order to save axial space and to simplify the brake, fully-lined disc brakes with housings that are open on the outside are available for installation has been developed into the wheel. The actuation of these brakes is carried out by concentric rings, which inclined tracks and in between Have actuating rolling members. A ring part is arranged pivotably in the circumferential direction, around the tangential Direction of the applied actuating force into the axial clamping force required for braking. With this type of brake the brake application can be accommodated outside the brake housing approximately in the central plane of the brake ' , whereby axial space is saved. Brakes with an externally open brake housing, taking advantage of their low axial Providing overall width for the arrangement on the drive train has so far had the disadvantage that the stationary The brake housing part surrounding the chassis wall is not adequately cooled.

To eliminate these disadvantages, i.e. the space and manufacturing costs of the fully lined disc brake with the brake housing open on the outside and to take advantage of the actuating device arranged outside the housing, as well as a separation of the brake from the actuating device To be able to carry out without dismantling the brake or the actuating device, the invention has to Task set.

According to the invention, in the drive train and preferably a full-lined disc brake arranged inside or outside on the outer wall of the vehicle pan

on the outside open, circumferential, radially ribbed, two-part brake housing, the receiving flange of which is located in the drive train and / or the two brake housing halves of which are provided on their inner circumference with openings or recesses through which Cooling air is guided to the cooling fins arranged on the wall. / r

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In a further embodiment of the invention, the brake has a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator whose The center plane is approximately in the center plane of the brake and its actuation force is via a gear segment or via a Rack is transmitted to a toothed segment of the application ring of the brake, the toothed segment of the application ring in such a way outside the outer contour of the brake housing is that the brake housing, brake lining rings and brake application device Brake can be removed without removing or dismantling the actuator.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, when a back gear is arranged on the vehicle pan, the brake carrier is on the back gear fastened and designed with three axial arms in such a way that a brake carrier arm of the actuating device is opposite and the two further brake carrier arms are arranged on both sides of the toothed actuation extension projecting beyond the outer contour of the brake.

In a further development of the invention, the hydraulic or pneumatic actuating device has a continuously variable operation Reenactment on, which is composed of two elements

a) from a longitudinal freewheel, which is used in the adjustment function a change in the back stop of the rack while maintaining a clearance corresponding to the permissible clearance Freewheel makes

b) from one with high helix thread and torsion brake as well as return spring equipped with a thrust bearing spindle, which the play between the actuating piston generated by the longitudinal freewheel and rack picks up.

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In a further embodiment of the invention, the threaded spindle equipped with a torsion brake is in the hollow cylinder extension of the Rack housed.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures. In Fig. 1 is a hydraulically and mechanically operated, arranged in the tub of a heavy tracked vehicle Disc brake in longitudinal section with the transverse actuating device and in Fig. 2 the longitudinal section through the actuating device reproduced with a partial view of the brake. This full track vehicle is outside the tub a back gear is arranged to which the brake is attached with its brake carrier. Together with the brake carrier can here the brake can be removed from the tub without having to dismantle the actuation. In Fig. 3 is in longitudinal section a disk brake actuated by compressed air is shown, in which the brake housing arranged outside the chassis is approximately runs in the middle plane of the drive joint and the stationary actuating device is screwed tightly to the outside of the chassis is. Fig. 4 shows this solution in plan view. In Fig. 5 and 6 an embodiment of the invention is shown, which is the same application as in the example FIGS. 1 and 2. In contrast, the actuation takes place in this case, however, via a gear segment.

In the figures Fig. 1 and 2, the back gear 2 seated outside the tub 1 is equipped with an inner sun gear 3, which is connected to the flange 4 of the brake. The brake consists of two identically designed brake housing halves 5 and 6, which rotate within the brake carrier 7, which is screwed to the countershaft housing. The opening 1, in the tub 1 has a diameter that is larger than

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the outer diameter of the brake carrier, so that the entire brake including the brake carrier together with the transmission can be removed without dismantling the actuator. Between the two halves of the brake housing are the with Brake lining equipped brake disks 8 and 9, which in the circumferential direction via extensions 8, or 9, in longitudinal ^ grooves 7, des Engage brake carrier 7, arranged.

The application device held together by springs 10 is mounted between the brake disks 8 and 9. it consists of the actuating ring 11, which is pivotably arranged in the circumferential direction and carries inclined tracks 11 .. on one side and on the other Side is smooth, the pressure ring 12, which is also equipped with inclined tracks 12, the intermediate, the tensioning performing actuating rollers 13, as well as the pressure ring 14, which is on the actuating ring 11 via support roller members 15 supports. The two pressure rings 12 and 14 are connected to the brake disks via axial extensions 12 "or 14, in conjunction. This measure ensures that cooling air between the back of the brake disc and the application device can flow through to the outside. The actuation ring 11 is screwed to a toothed actuation extension 16, in which engages the rack 17 of the actuating device for actuation. For the rolling support of the actuating ring 11 on the brake carrier, rollers 18 are distributed around the circumference intended.

The brake housing halves 5 and 6, which by means of screws 4, with are connected to the flange 4, have on their inner circumference cast-in openings 5, or 6, through which when circumferential Brake due to the suction between the radial ribs of the brake housing half 6 and the pan 1 air through

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flows and is discharged to the outside through the recesses arranged in the brake carrier. This air movement is illustrated by arrows 19. At the same time, air penetrates in the direction of arrow 19 ₂ through the inner parts of the brake to the outside.

The actuation device consists of the screw 2 attached to the tub, equipped with two openings 21 and 21 Retaining bracket 21 with which on one side of the actuating cylinder 22 and on the opposite side of the spring cylinder 23 is screwed. Actuating cylinder 22 and Spring cylinders 23 have bearing points 22, or 23, in which the tubular extensions 17 and 17 ″ of the rack are stored. Protective bellows 24 prevent brake dust from penetrating into the cylindrical guides of the cylinder flanges. The cylinder cover 26 of the actuating cylinder 22 has a tubular extension which engages in the actuating cylinder 22 26 ,, on which the disk spring package 27 for mechanical actuation and the inside and outside equipped with ring seals Ring pistons 28, 39, 30 and 31 are seated. The annular space between the annular piston 28 and 29 is connected to the oil connection 32, the annular space between the annular piston 29 and 30 with the oil connection 33 and the annular space between the annular piston 30 and 31 with the Oil connection 34 in connection. The annular piston 29, which is held in place axially by snap rings 35, is distributed around the circumference Bores through which sealed pressure bolts 37 reach. When the pressure is reduced in the annular space between the annular pistons 28 and 29 via the line connected to the oil connection 32, not shown, is transmitted by the spring accumulator its bias on the pressure pin 37 on the annular piston 30 and 31 and from here on the adjusting device on the Toothed rack 17 and from there to the actuation extension 16 of the brake.

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The two hydraulic circuits of the vehicle brake actuation are connected to the oil connections 33 and 34. If one brake circuit fails, the fact that both annular pistons are the same remains effective Have cross-sectional area, the braking force the same.

The brake is reset in the application device by springs 10, which act via the inclined tracks 11, the actuating _{ring and IZ 1 of} the pressure ring, as well as the actuating rollers 12 located in between. In the actuating device, the rack 17 is brought back into the starting position by the compression spring 38 in the pressure cylinder 23 via the pressure plate 39 after braking. The end stop of the rack is produced by a longitudinal freewheel. This freewheel is composed of the freewheel rod 40 penetrating the rack and connected to it, the freewheel balls 42 in the cage tube 43, the conical sleeve 44 and the compression spring 45 Pipe extension 17 "closes off, fastened. A snap ring 46 with a stop ring 47 is arranged in the pipe extension 26 of the cylinder cover as a stop for the freewheel. At the end of the tubular extension 26, there is a spacer sleeve 48, on the beaded edge of which a compression spring 49 rests, which presses the freewheel balls 42 via its cage tube 43 against the inner conical surface of the conical sleeve 44 via a disk 50 with a snap ring 51. In the illustration, the longitudinal freewheel is shown in the stop position.

The permissible clearance of the brake is given by the distance between the conical sleeve 44 and the spacer sleeve 48. Kick a If the brake is worn beyond this, the longitudinal freewheel is activated when the toothed rack 17 is actuated the bias of the compression spring 45 is carried along and, when the conical sleeve 44 rests on the spacer sleeve 48, the freewheel rod 40

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pulled through under the freewheel balls 42 in the opening direction. When the brake goes back, the longitudinal freewheel causes the rack 17 with the actuation extension 16 assumes a starting position in which the play given by the distance between conical sleeve 44 and spacer sleeve 48 is again is made.

When applying the longitudinal freewheel after braking, in which the given clearance exceeds the wear has occurred, arises between the conical ring 52 seated on the annular piston 31 and the conical piston 53, which over a spline 53, and a clamping nut 54 with the Threaded spindle 55 is connected, a game corresponding to the resulting lining wear. This game is overcome by that the arranged in the hollow bored rack 17, prestressed spring 56 via a thrust bearing 57 in such a way on the with Spindle 55 equipped with a high-helix thread presses it into the nut thread cut into the rack bore rotates so far that the outer conical surface of the conical piston is braked on the inner conical surface of the conical ring 52 and the axial frictional connection between the annular piston and the rack is restored. The return of the annular piston After braking, a compression spring in the actuating cylinder 22 takes place.

To replace the brake pads when the brake is worn, use the brake with the back gear removed, the brake opened, the brake disks 10 and 11 removed and replaced with new lining disks replaced. To return the actuating device to the starting position, this has to be done after removing the threaded cap 59 in the actuating cylinder accessible cage tube 43 a Hexagon 43, on which an inner crank equipped

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Allen key can be inserted. With the key an axial pressure must be exerted against the tension of the compression spring 49, so that the hexagon 43 opposite Insert the hexagon 43 of the cage tube 43 into the hexagon socket 54 .. the clamping nut 54 engages and the spindle 45 can be rotated back into the starting position. Then the brake is applied reassembled with the new pads.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the compressed air-actuated brake of a wheeled vehicle is arranged between the vehicle pan and the wheel not shown. The transmission gear is located in the wheel. The two identically designed brake housing halves 60 and 61 are fastened with screws 63 on a flange 62 encompassing the joint bell 62. In the present example, the joint bell 62 is part of the shaft 62, which is mounted in the vehicle pan 65 by means of ball bearings 64. The articulated bell 62 is connected to the wheel via the articulated shaft 67 sealed by a bellows 66. The brake housing halves have between the eyes 60 and 61, recesses 60 and 6I _2, which form together with the quadrilateral boundary of surrounding the joint bell flange 62 ₂ recesses 68, 69 air is passed by means of which in direction of the arrow and between the vehicle pan 65 and the brake housing 61 is guided to the outside.

In the present example, the brake carrier 70 with three axial arms 70 and the retaining bracket 70 _{2 form} one piece. As in the example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the bracket part of the brake carrier for receiving the actuating device has two openings 70 and 70, to which the compressed air cylinder 71 is attached on one side and the spring cylinder 72 on the other side. The rack 73 is protected by protective bellows 74 and 75. Even

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In this case, the actuation ring has a toothed actuation extension that extends beyond the outer contour of the brake 76, the toothing of which engages in the rack 73 and the removal of the brake from the actuating device and in this case also from the brake carrier without dismantling the actuator allowed.

When in Fig. 5 in a longitudinal section through the brake and actuator and in Fig. 6 in the cross section marked C-D in Fig. 5, the brake is as in the example Fig. 1 and 2 with their brake carrier 77 attached to the countershaft 78 'and can with the latter from the tub 79 of the tracked vehicle can be pulled out without affecting the cylinder

80 with bearing extension 80, as well as slack adjuster mounted on it

81 and operating lever 82 with gear segment 82, existing Actuator needs to be dismantled. The brake itself consists of the two identically designed, radially on the outside ribbed brake housing halves 83 and 84 with bores 83, and 84, arranged evenly distributed around the circumference Achievement of the cooling effect according to the invention. The brake housing is connected to the countershaft drive shaft 86 by screws 85, which on its flange part 86, an internal toothing for receiving the axially displaceable tooth coupling, not shown has to the shift and steering gear connection connected. The brake carrier 77 has three axial extensions 77 ,, 772 and 77, on those in grooves 77., 77, - and 77, on radial Extensions 89 and 90, the two brake disks 89 and 90 carrying the friction linings 87 and 88 fixed in the circumferential direction, are suspended freely movable axially.

The brake application device held together by springs 91 consists of the two with axial projections 92 and 93, resting on the brake disks 89 and 90, on the brake carrier

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77 by means of radial projections 92 ₂ and 93 "in the circumferential direction fixed, axially movably suspended pressure rings 92 and 93 as well as the one between the pressure rings pivotably arranged in the circumferential direction, on the side of the pressure ring 92 by inclined actuating balls 94 and on the side of the pressure ring 93 actuating ring 96 axially supported by cylindrical rollers 95. The actuating ring 96 has a toothed actuation extension 96 with its teeth outside the outer contour of the brake housing (83, 84), in which the gear segment 82 of the actuation lever 82 engages for actuation.

The cylinder 80 of the actuating device attached to the vehicle pan 79 carries on its bearing extension 8O ₁ on the toothed shaft 9 7, which is supported on roller bearings 98 and 99, the actuating lever 82 firmly connected to it and the one with a stepless automatic spindle spring freewheel readjustment equipped slack adjuster 81, the worm gear 81- is firmly connected to the shaft 97. The slack adjuster is connected to the pressure piston 8O _{1 of} the cylinder via a tappet 100. The intermediate piston 80, which is also axially movable in the cylinder 80, creates, together with the annular piston 8O ₃ axially held in place by snap rings, two pressure chambers 80 and 8O ₅ , which are connected to the dual-circuit brake actuation of the vehicle via lines 101 and 102. The ring piston 8O _{3 is} penetrated by the tappet extension 8O _{6 of} the piston 8O ₇ , which together with the ring piston forms the pressure chamber 80 'which is kept under full hydraulic pressure and keeps the disc spring package 80g of the holding brake actuation under tension. The pressure chamber 80g is connected to the actuation of the holding brake of the vehicle via the line 103.

Claims (6)

311544 Dr.-Ing. Hermann Klaue With key 10 731/1 Eningen et al. Fully lined disc brakes with mechanical ones arranged in the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles Clamping and hydraulic or pneumatic actuation device Claims I) Fully-lined disc brake arranged in the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles with mechanical application and hydraulic or pneumatic actuation device, characterized by an externally open, circumferential, radially ribbed, two-part brake housing (5, 6; 60, 61; 83, 84), its receiving flange (62) seated in the drive train (3; 62; 86) and / or its two brake housing halves (5, 6; 60, 61; 83, 84) on their inner circumference with openings (5, 6,; 83, 84 ) or recesses (6O ₂ , 61 _? ) are provided through which cooling air is guided to the cooling fins arranged on the wall. 2) Fully-lined disc brake arranged in the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles, according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake has a hydraulic or pneumatic actuating device, the center plane of which is approximately in the center plane of the brake and the actuating force of which is via a toothed segment (82,) or via a toothed rack (17; 73) is _{transmitted to the toothed actuation extension (16; 7O 1} , 96,) of the application ring (11; 76; 96) of the brake, the toothed actuation extension (16; 76,; 96,) of the application ring in such a way outside of the ... 12 - "Γ - " - 731/1 contour of the brake housing is that the brake housing (5, 6; 60, 61; 83, 84), brake discs (8 »9; 89, 90) and Brake application device (11 to 16; 91 to 96) removed without removing or dismantling the actuating device can be. 3) In the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles arranged full-lined disc brake, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that when a back gear is arranged on the vehicle pan (1; 79) of the brake carrier (7; 77) on the Countershaft (2; 78) is attached and designed with three axial arms (7-; 77 ,, 77 ", 77) in such a way that a brake carrier arm the engagement of the actuating gear segment (82) or the rack (17) opposite and the other two Brake carrier arms on both sides of the brake outer contour superior toothed actuation extension (16; 96,) are arranged. 4) Fully lined disc brake arranged in the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by one with the gear segment actuator (82,) via one with continuously variable adjustment equipped slack adjuster (81) connected hydraulic spring-loaded actuator (80). 5) In the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles arranged full-lined disc brake, according to claim 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the hydraulic or pneumatic actuation device is a continuously variable Has adjustment, which is composed of two elements Ί Γ I '■: ■ ^: ': 'j 3115U1 - 3 - 731/1 a) from a longitudinal freewheel (40, 42, 43, 44, 45), which Backstop of the rack (17) while maintaining a freewheeling path corresponding to the permissible clearance undertakes b) a spindle equipped with a coarse thread and a torsion brake (53) as well as a return spring (56) with a thrust bearing (57) (55), which the play generated by the longitudinal freewheel between the actuating piston (31) and the tooth » the rod (17). 6) In the drive train of wheeled or tracked vehicles arranged fully lined disc brake, according to claim 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the threaded spindle (55) equipped with a torsion brake (5 3) is in the hollow cylinder extension (17,) of the rack (17) is housed.