DE3114760A1 - Pendulum quadrant slope profile meter - Google Patents

Abstract

The device is used for rapid and yet accurate surveying of slope inclinations (angles of slope) and slope profiles (profiles of slope) of up to 45 DEG . It consists of two equally long limbs, which are firmly joined to one another at a right angle and are used to measure profile length by picking off the profile distance with a constant step length in the manner of dividers. The measuring scale for determining the slope inclination is mounted in such a way that it forms the hypotenuse of a right-angled isosceles triangle whose perpendicular sides are the limb segments located over the fastening points of the measurement scale (cf. Fig. 1). The pendulum, which is suspended at the apex of the right angle, directly indicates the associated slope inclination on the measuring scale in the case of each length measurement step. For a step length of 2 m and a measuring scale length of 1 m, the device determines the slope inclination to an accuracy of approximately 0.1%, i.e. to approximately two to three minutes of arc in angular measure. Fields of application: any investigation and work which includes recording of the inclination angle of surfaces, or the recording of slope profiles (profiles of slope) - eg. in roadbuilding, in geology, geomorphology, soil science, geoecology, agricultural science and landscape gardening. The device is also suitable in many cases instead of a water level. <IMAGE>

Description

Title: Pendulum Quadrant Slope Profile Knife

Field of application The invention relates to a pendulum quadrant slope profile knife for quick and precise measurement of slopes (slope angles) and slope profiles (Slope profiles).

Purpose of slope angle or slope measurements and slope profile or slope profile recordings are part of the provisions of the slope or

Slope stability (e.g. for stabilization measures) as well as geo-ecological, hydrological, pedological, agronomic, geographical and geological Investigations on embankments or

on slopes. For their implementation with the lowest possible material, Time and personnel expenditure a high level of accuracy corresponding to the respective project necessary.

State of the art with sources for local slope angle measurement slats are usually placed on the ground in the direction of the slope and their surface inclination determined by means of clinometers (such as those built into some geological compasses). Another device is the so-called "slope pantometer", a kind of device that can be adjusted parallel to the slope ParaMelogram frame, the inner angle of which by its deviation from 900 the inclination (see A.F. Pitty, A simple device for the field measurement of hillslopes. journal of Geology, v.76, 1968, pp. 717-720). A pendulum slope angle measuring frame (no pendulum quadrant) with variable spreading wheat is 1980 by a Japanese geomorphologist (T. Arii in Chiri, v. 5,1980, pp. 51-62 - Japanese without abstract in another language). It should be noted that the pendulum quadrant slope profile knife was not stimulated by this Japanese device, but already independently of it Designed in 1979, built in early 1980 and in the spring of 1980 with students in the field has been tested.

The slope inclination is measured over longer distances by means of visor inclination measurements of various types (see H. Reader, Field and Laboratory Methods of Geomorphology. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1977, pp. 77-83). In combination with tape measure length measurements These are also used to accommodate slope profiles. For the exact measurement of slope profiles optical levels or theodolites are used.

Criticism of the state of the art: The measurements with staff and clinometer as well as the measurements with visor inclinometers have a low degree of accuracy (in favorable cases up to about 0.50). The "slop pantometer is not much more accurate, and the Arii measuring stand requires cumbersome calculations. Leveling instruments and theodolites allow more precise measurements, but are relatively expensive and time-consuming and usually have to be operated by at least two people.

The object of the invention is to determine the Slope inclination and the recording of the slope profile by a single person at the same time with a device that is easy to transport even on rough terrain and with an accuracy close to that of optical levels.

Solution This object is achieved according to the invention in that the Pendulum quadrant slope profile knife two connected at a right angle has straight legs of the same length, which the profile length measurement by means of a caliper-like (End-over-end) serve to tap the slope profile section with a uniform step length (see Fig. 2). The measuring scale for determining the slope inclination is attached so that it forms the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle whose Katheden the leg sections located above the attachment points of the measuring scale are (cf.

Fig. 1). The pendulum suspended at the vertex of the right angle shows the slope inclination on the measuring scale.

Further embodiment of the invention The measuring scale is at least as follows mounted high above the thighs, that the pendulum along its entire extension it can vibrate almost touching. The zero point of the measuring scale is in the middle. From the zero point to both legs, the measuring scale is linear according to the tangent of Angle of inclination or according to the inclination in percent (= tangent x 100).

Expediently, it is parallel to this tangent or percentage subdivision also a (non-linear) subdivision in degrees (00 to 450) or in grads (Og to 5Qg) on the measuring scale. A thread with a weight is sufficient as a pendulum at the bottom; But it can also consist of a rigid one, just around a horizontal axis exist at the suspension point rotatable pendulum arm sliding along the measuring scale.

Achievable Advantages The advantages achieved with the invention are the following: a) Only one person will take the slope profile with continuous Inclination measurement required.

b) Since the step length of the profile length measurement is constant equal to the If the distance between the thighs remains, the receiving person only needs the sequence note the slope values; their number multiplied by the stride length of the Pendulum quadrant slope profile knife automatically gives the total length of the profile along the surface, and the position of each slope value (one per length increment Inclination measurement) in the data sequence automatically results in its position within the Slope profile.

c) The pendulum quadrant slope profile knife is simply constructed and therefore associated with low manufacturing costs.

d) The pendulum quadrant slope profile meter is more accurate in length measurement as a tape measure placed on irregular forest, field or meadow floor and in inclination measurement more precisely than the inclinometers available on the market. In the combination of length and inclination measurements is its accuracy on a par with that of leveling instruments or theodolites; towards these In addition to its lower cost and ease of use, it also has the Advantage of shorter stride length and thus higher resolution.

Because of its high measuring accuracy, the pendulum quadrant slope profile meter can also be used instead of spirit levels to check horizontal surfaces or lines Find.

Description of an exemplary embodiment An exemplary embodiment of The invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. 1 shows the characteristics of the construction of the pendulum quadrant slope profile knife.

Fig. 2: How the pendulum quadrant slope profile knife works.

To Fig. 1: The pendulum quadrant slope profile knife is in this case Constructed with a stride length of 2m, i.e. the two legs are each 1.414 m long, measured from the point of suspension of the pendulum to the lower end of the leg ("Thigh foot"). The suspension point of the pendulum is therefore 1 m above the Line connecting the two thigh feet. The straight measuring scale is exactly halfway Height of the legs attached and is therefore 1 m long. ibr center (the zero point) is accordingly 50 cm below the suspension point of the pendulum. The measuring scale shows from the zero point to both sides inclines from 0 to 100 percent (= 45 degrees). Graduation intervals of 1 mm correspond to reading intervals of 0.2 percent inclination; by Estimation of the pusitio of the pendulum between the tick marks is without further ado (i.e. without adding a vernier) a reading accuracy of 0.1 percent possible - this is an angle of 100 reading accuracies on slopes of about 3'20 ", with slopes of 400 reading accuracies of about 2'01".

Regarding Fig. 2: The pendulum quadrant slope profile meter is used as follows for the measurement set up that the line connecting the two thighs with the fall line of the slope (perpendicular to the isohypses) and the pendulum along the measuring scale is free to move with only very slight frictional contact with it. The rest position of the pendulum on the measuring scale allows the direct reading of the slope for the Profile section limited by the thigh feet. This inclination is noted.

The pendulum quadrant slope profile knife is then turned around like a circle one of the two leg feet rotated and the inclination measurement for the next profile section made of the same length.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (1)

Claims preamble W I pendulum quadrant slope profile knife for rapid and precise measurement of slope slopes (slope angles) and slope profiles (Slope profiles). Characteristic part Characterized in that the pendulum quadrant slope profile knife two straight legs of equal length connected to one another at a right angle which enables the profile length measurement by means of a circle-like (end-over-end) tapping serve the slope profile section with a uniform step length (see Fig. 2). The measuring scale for determining the slope inclination is attached so that it forms the hypotenuse of an isosceles right triangle whose Katheden the leg sections located above the attachment points of the measuring scale are (see. Fig.l). The pendulum suspended at the vertex of the right angle shows the slope inclination on the measuring scale. Preamble of dependent claim 2. Pendulum quadrant slope profile knife according to claim 1. Characteristic part of the dependent claim characterized in that the zero point of the measuring scale is in the middle and that the measuring scale is from the zero point towards both legs linearly according to the tangent of the angle of inclination or is divided according to the slope in percent (= tangent x 100), expediently with parallel attachment of a (non-linear) angle graduation in degrees or Grad.