DE3105611A1 - Depth vibrator for soil compaction with reversible vibration form and direction - Google Patents

Abstract

Depth vibrator for the compaction of soils, with the possibility of reversing the direction and form of the vibrations by means of a change in the direction of rotation of the drive motor. The purpose of the reversal according to the invention is to reduce only the friction between vibrator and soil during the lowering operation by means of vertical longitudinal vibration but without achieving substantial compaction, which would impair the lowering operation. When the final depth is reached, the form and direction of the vibrations is changed by reversal of the direction of rotation of the drive motor into a horizontal rotary vibration (similar to the movement of a mechanical watch balance wheel), which on the one hand compacts the soil by means of blades (Figure, item 6) but on the other hand for the first time enables the drive to be placed above the soil. The position of the drive above the earth permits the use of drive motors of any size, unbalance masses and bearings whose size and capacity was greatly restricted in the previous depth-vibrator constructions by the restricted space ratios under the ground. <IMAGE>

Description

Deep vibrator with reversible waveform and direction.

The invention relates to a vibrating machine, which also the floors compacted at greater depths, thereby increasing their load-bearing capacity.

A long-known method of compacting the soils and thus To make it more stable is the vibration compaction.

When the ground is made to vibrate, it will become denser Storage tore. Numerous vibration devices are known to hit the surface of the earth set in vibration, which devices, however, all have a very low depth effect to have.

Boclenvibratorsnn with greater depth effect have also been developed, which so far all belong to two large groups: 1) The resonance vibrators (German Offenlegungsschrift 27 27 8Bo and Niederl. Patent 140 310) which the vertical or almost vertical vibrations of a top vibrator caused by a vertical one Bring the rods onto the so-called resonance plates, soft plates in the state of resonance the soil that should seal. The moderate success of the method leaves the doubt arise whether the resonance effect - in the strongly damping medium earth - (at all that is how it is imagined.

2) All other depth vibrators that have been invented, developed, built up to now and were used, - and all of which consist of a cylindrical body, the Drive motor, bearings and unbalance - have the following disadvantages: a) ncr exciter of the vibration, an imbalance, is in - or at least near - the tip the cylindrical body of the device is placed. Because of the cramped conditions, it is extremely difficult to find the necessary or sufficient unbalance mass with sufficient Accommodate movement radius.

b) The bearings of the unbalance are also in the narrow one Housing effective cooling, lubrication and sufficient dimensions are extremely difficult to achieve.

c) The drive motor (mostly electric motor) is also located in the tight housing, their performance is low due to the available Space, as well as narrowly limited by the poor possibility of dissipating the heat loss.

d) Another disadvantage of all, which is very serious in practice previously known depth vibrator consists of the fact that the vibrator during of the sinking process produced the same vibration, which then hit the ground should condense. This means that while the vibrator is being lowered, one is compacting the ground in front of itself. So the sinking process is made all the more by your own Compaction becomes more difficult, the better and more effective the deep vibrator is. Try, about the retractability by changing the frequency, centrifugal force, amplitude or Improving the unbalance mass did not bring any decisive success.

The subject of the invention is a deep vibrator for compaction of the soil even at greater depths, with a completely new principle and construction, which concept should basically eliminate all of the above disadvantages and difficulties.

According to the invention, all of the above-mentioned disadvantages can be eliminated by that the vibration generating vibrator is switchable so that you can choose between two can generate fundamentally different vibrations: 1) A vertical, linear vibration, which only very small, i.e. as good as it does not cause any compression, is generated while the deep vibrator is sunk. The vertical vibration only causes a reduction in the friction between the ground and the bottom vibrator, this can result in the Scrit (Deep vibrator) easily and without further aids such as water rinsing, etc. into the desired Depth to be brought.

2) A horizontal, tangential torsional oscillation, (similar to movement a clock unrest) which the ground masses - by the radial wings, which are are at the lower end of the depth vibrator - then set it in vibration, then cause the actual compression. For the compaction work was - according to the invention - therefore a tangential torsional oscillation was chosen because this oscillation form, in Connection with the wings, the only mode of vibration that allows the Bond deep down to shake the vibration-generating parts (drive motor, unbalance and their bearings), however, at the other end of the Tiefenrijttler, above, far beyond to place the surface of the earth. This arrangement then solves all the difficulties those of the previously known deep vibrators due to the cramped conditions the soil surface a nt.

The compression process is then carried out, as has been the case up to now was, bottom up. Either the deep vibrator is slow, (while compacting is pulled up evenly, or step by step, i.e. one condenses into one best. Depth until the soil reaches the desired density, then you drive a little higher, condensed again, etc.

Structure and description of the depth vibrator: The depth vibrator (Fig. 1) bestelit from the actual vibrator - according to the invention with direction and shape switchable Vibrations - (1) which are caused by a suspension frame (2) on a suspension cable (3) hangs. The vibrator (1) is elastic, on resilient elements (4) bedded. on the bottom side of the vibrotor is the vibrator body, which expediently consists from (5) one ear, rigidly attached. nu the vibrator body will be on the lower end Wing (6) mounted or welded, which transmits the torsional vibration to the Effect clearing masses (7).

The vibrator with the switchable vibration direction becomes as follows described: The vibrator works by an electric motor (or oil motor, or other ), whose direction of rotation can be switched, driven. The special construction of the Unbalance system (Fig. 2 & 3) allows a change of the vibration form and -direction by the following way: The unbalance bodies 1 & 3 are on the two shafts 5 & 6 connected to each other by means of a pair of gears are firmly mounted. The other two unbalance bodies 2 & 4 are on the shafts loosely rotatably attached, but they are held by the two driver parts 7 & & 8, which in turn are firmly connected to the shafts. The unbalance 2 & 4 can twist around the waves 5 & G by 180 °. Depending on, In which direction the shafts are driven, the following vibrations result: 1) Vertical linear oscillation for lowering the vibrator (Fig. 2) Shaft 5 is in @clockwise driven. (So that shaft 6 is counterclockwise.) The drivers 7 & 8 are push the unbalance 2 & 4 so that the two unbalances 1 & 4, as well as the other two unbalances 2 & 3 are each on the same side of the shaft 5 & 6 are located. Since the shafts are coupled to one another by means of a pair of gears, run synchronously in opposite directions.

The horizontal forces of the four unbalances lift each other on, (Fig. 2a & 2c) there is no horizontal resulting force.

The vertical forces work together (Fig. 2b & 2d) their values are added, and this creates a pure vertical oscillation, which has been known for a long time. A purely vertical oscillation causes only a very low level of compression, the deep vibrator can be easily countersunk. After reaching the desired depth, the drive motor will stopped and started again in the opposite direction to compact.

2) Horizontal tangential torsional vibration to compact the soil arises as follows (Fig. 3a to 3d) when the shaft 5 now turns counterclockwise started or

is driven, (starting position e.g. as Fig.2d) are during the first half turn only the two fixed imbalances 1 & 3, as well as the driver 7 & 8 moves the two rotatable unbalances 2 & 4 remain silent for the time being. With this first half turn (at the start, from Fig. 2d to Fig. 3a) the positions of the imbalances are changed, the imbalances 1 & 4 are no longer on the same side of shaft 5 (Fig. 3a) but around 180 ° offset. (Exactly the unbalance 2 & 3) If now the two waves with the Imbalances that are offset from one another on the shafts around 1880, synchronously counter-rotating are set in rapid rotary motion, the following forces result: Fig. 3a and 3c indicate such moments as 2 unidirectional forces each Pull up and 2 down, the forces cancel each other out, a vertical one Force does not arise Fig. 3b shows a situation in which the centrifugal unbalance forces 1 & 2 act horizontally in the same direction, the other two centrifugal forces 3 & 4 also work horizontally, but in the opposite direction. the Forces 1 & 2 as well as the forces 3 & t result in a force couple, soft the wants to turn the entire depth vibrator counterclockwise (seen from above). if the positions have rotated 180 ° further, (Fig. 3d) a couple of forces is at work again, but which (seen from above) wants to turn the depth vibrator clockwise.

So it is easy to see that the perpendicular forces are mutually exclusive give up, (Fig. 3a & 3c) the horizontal forces but the entire depth vibrator put into a horizontal tangential torsional oscillation. (Similar to the movement one mech. Clock riots)

Claims (7)

Deep vibrator with reversible waveform and direction. P A T E N T A N 5 P R Ü C H £ 1) Deep vibrator for compaction of floors, consisting of a vibrator body and a vibration exciter (vibrator) with reversible vibration direction at the upper end of the vibrator body, thereby characterized in that the floor by means of a torsional vibration acting in the horizontal plane (similar to the movement of a clock unrest) is compressed. 2) Deep vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrator is designed so that it can also achieve a vertical linear oscillation. 3) Deep vibrators like. Claim 1 characterized in that the Change of vibration type from vertical linear vibration to horizontal torsional vibration and vice versa by changing the direction of rotation of the drive motor. 4) Deep vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is also Devices to do this, filler material such as sand, gravel, crushed stone or the like. In the Moving down floors. 5) Like deep vibrators. Claim 1 characterized in that the The vibrator body consists of a tube and d. Tube near the lower end radial wears attached wings, 6) depth vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that that the vibrator body carries down a so-called lost tip. 7) Deep vibrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive motor is placed on the non-vibrating frame structure of the suspension.