DE3011833A1 - Automatic transmission with regenerative braking - has bob weights with adjustable radii for torque transfer - Google Patents

Abstract

The automatic transmission with regenerative braking has a set of inertial masses (26) rotating about a drive shaft to store kinetic energy. The effective radius of rotation is adjusted to transfer torque, with the radius reduced to take torque from the weights. The weights provide energy store and are simple to control. The setting of the weights is controlled by an axial drive shaft which alters the angles of the weight support levers. The weights are linked to a gear train to match the drive to the speed of the weights.

Description

Turning energy storage for braking energy use with automatic

Transmission The invention relates to a rotating energy store, which is in the The principle of regenerative braking, in particular, takes driving energy from the motor vehicle and this is released again when the vehicle accelerates. This is preferably done automatically via the drive torque, with rotating masses of the energy store change their radius of gyration and thus their rotational energy.

The absorption of rotary energy in the storage system leads to vehicle braking, the release of rotational energy leads to the vehicle accelerating.

This is preferably done in combination with an associated one automatic, continuously variable transmission as a proportionate invention content and further Energy saving by driving in the most economical speed range of the motor.

The three-energy storage system largely avoids major energy losses the frequent braking and acceleration phases of the motor vehicles, especially in the Local traffic. It avoids the unfavorable fuel variances and the large proportion of poisonous gas the exhaust gases when accelerating. It increases the deceleration: and the acceleration of the vehicle, reduces the fuel consumption in the predominant driving range up to over 50%, depending on the version, reduces the average exhaust gas quantity and reduces the amount of exhaust gas in cities and towns, especially in toxic areas up to over 80%.

The automatic transmission reduces the mechanical engineering effort and the vehicle weight as well as the vehicle cost. It allows driving in the most economical Engine speed range even with different driving speeds.

The state of the art are flywheel drives and a wide variety of hybrid drives Combinations, particularly characterized in that when braking or accelerating different speeds between the flywheel and the vehicle drive continuously variable or synchronized gears - in addition to the conventional devices - are to be compensated or that the driving energy from the kinetic energy in others To convert forms of energy, e.g. compression energy or electrical energy and vice versa This involves a large additional weight and space requirement.

Furthermore, the previous energy storage devices are characterized in that the synchronization of the different speeds between the flywheel or the energy storage and the vehicle drive, in particular for the control great effort is required.

List of corresponding patents: DT-PS 275 708 "auxiliary power car with power accumulation when braking and on slopes "(1912) 629 771" energy storage for starting and braking and maintaining a degree of uniformity of Rotational movements "(1933) 742 835" Mechanical energy storage for vehicles "(1941) 891 503 "Drive vehicles, especially omnibuses, using a flywheel" (1951) 897 212 -1 oo2 776 "Regenerative braking device for vehicles, especially for rail vehicles" (1952) DT-AS 1 o48158 "Drive arrangement for gyro vehicles" (1957) DT-OS 1 430 748 "Motor vehicle with Schungspeicherantrieb "(1962) 1 816 349" Elektrisches Antriebssvstem "(1968) = UG-PS 3497 ° 26 2112 523 "Drive for a motor vehicle with a heat engine, the is detachably connected to a kinetic memory "(1971) DT-OS 2 204 607" Fahrzeugantrieb "(1972) 2 224 328 "Procedure for propulsion of vehicles" (1972) DT-OS 2 230 795 "Dvnamokupplung" (1972) 2 237 963 "Drive systems for electric vehicles" (1972) 2 332 514 "Energy-saving regenerative brake drive for motor vehicles" (1973) US-PS 1 206 493 "Arrangement for the Service on Railroade" (1912) 1 303 870 "Automobile" (191 5) 1323 500 "Motor-Vehicle" (1918) 1 831 071 "Elektric Power Driven Vehicle" (1926) 2 1 07 844 "Power Developing Unit for Automotive Vehicles" (1957) 2 290 932 "Brake and Booster Apparatus "(1940) 2 461 037" Fluid Power Mechine "(1944) 2 525 946" Power Reclaimer "(1945) 2 581 596 "Power Transmission" (1946) 2 749 049 -2 755 898 "Mechanism for Storing Energy" (1953) 3 182 742 "Electric Drive Mechanism and Metod of Operating same" (1961) 3 493 066 "Vehicle Power System Intended for Reduces Air Pollution (1968) = DT-OS 1 812 480, F-PS 19 \ 595 122 3 543 873 "Turbine and Elektric Powered Vehicle" (1968) F-PS 1 110 589 "Systems de transmission electrique dans un vehiccule a moteur "(1954) GB -PS1 178 931 -, 1 179 282 -, CH-PS 160 629-, CH-PS 422 537 "Vehicule automabile" (1964) 462 878 "Electric powered vehicle "(1967) OE - PS 173 976 - Furthermore in the international Classification from 1.1.1979: B 60 T- 1/10, B 62 M - 1/10, F 16 C-15 / oo, F 16H - 33 / o2 as well as 33 / o4 and 33 / oo Publications: Hartig, F., Hofmann, R.: Use of the Braking energy in individual vehicles ... Research report BMFT 75-38 (1975) N.N.: Flywheel made of plastic. VDI-Nachrichten nr. 34.27.8.76.87 Post, R.F. , Post, St.F .: Flvwheels, Scientific American (1973) Vol 229 N.N.:Flvwheel Feasibility Study and Demonstation Storsand, B.: The Elektrogvro, a kinetic energy storage device for motor vehicles.Schweiz.Bauzeitung, 69 (1951), No.15 Müller, H.W.: Efficiency and setting range of planetary gears with superimposition branch. Construction 20 (1968), Beft 9 Köbberling, R.Schönke, M.: VW-TRansporter with 66 HP, truck and bus, Stuttgart, number 1 January 1972, p. 36 Fischer, J. Bartsch, Cbr., Behse, P.: VW eight-seater, Motor-Rundschau 69 Schrock, H. Torres, F.: Hybridantriob with kinetic storage ...

Status seminar "Motor vehicle and road traffic technology", Düsseldorf November 4-8, 1974 Research project of the Federal Ministry: Hybrid drive for motor vehicles with predominantly unsteady mode of operation.

RWTH Aachen University. "Vehicle drive by diesel engine and flywheel", Ing.P.Striftler, investigation of the Robert Bosch, Daimler-Benz consortium in the period 10/1976 to 5/1977 in RWTH Lockheed Aireraft: Kinetic Energy Storagr for Mass Transportation Mech.Engng (1974), Sept. pp.30-42, PP7 Elder, Frederick T, Gasdruckspeicher, Diss. (1974), PP208 Hartig, F. / Hofmann, R. Motor test: Use of braking energy in individual vehicles ..., Stuttgart, Porsche AG, 4/74 Locker, D. / Miller, M.L.: "Flvwbeel-Electric Hybrid Vehicle, 4.Intern.Fahrzeug-Svmp., Düsseldorf 31.8.-2.9.1976 Willimeit, R.-P. "When braking, energy recover "(gas pressure accumulator) VDI-Nachrichten 31 (1977), Heft 14, S.13 Frank, A.A.u.a .: Flywheel and continuously variable transmission in the 11th

international Energy convers., 12.-17.9.1976 artsch '. j. Hybrid drive. . . in: Development lines in automotive engineering 'TÜV Rheinland 1977, p. 179 - 193 Further source references for publications are available.

The state of the art is that motor vehicles with changing Fahrge speeds are characterized by acceleration and braking phases, for example in local traffic, essentially consume more fuel than when driving briskly at a higher driving speed.

for example on the country road, although the flow resistance, for example at 90 km / h is around four times greater than at 45 km / h and the rolling resistance is also higher driving speed increases. However, the local driving range includes an average Over 50% of the driving time in a car, with full use of the braking energy in the emergency phases by inclusion in an energy store and then.

Utilization in the acceleration systems could up in local traffic 2/3 of the fuel can be saved A further significant disadvantage is the strong emission of unburned, toxic Gesa in Orta driving traffic, especially in the area of traffic lights and this increasingly in residential areas. The starting of the engines when starting the vehicles from a poor efficiency causes additional Poison gases.

The efforts of all interested parties - according to the listed patents and publications - could not significantly change this state of the art since the effort for additional equipment to use the braking energy is disproportionate is high. The additional mass of these facilities must be moved with the vehicle and request corresponding proportions of the driving energy, the energy saving is With all arrangements only slight, sometimes also negative. The costs of such facilities on the other hand, are very high Dalmler-Benz, Obert-Bosch (October 1976-May 1977) ins, on the high mechanical engineering effort the transmission and control sector.

The present invention is based on the object, on the other hand little effort 'without significant increase in weight of the vehicle, in self-actuating Regulation to use the braking energy, so that up to 2/3 of the fuel in the predominant Driving area local traffic). By a novel associated transmission In addition, the previous effort for transmission and control is to be reduced. The engine should not be used when the driving speed changes - as it is at the moment technology has driven out of its most favorable speed range by changing gears but through a stepless speed regulation in the most favorable working range remain.

The object of the present invention is therefore without essential Additional effort to reduce the exhaust gases in the localities significantly, the fuel consumption to lower accordingly, a low.

To achieve engine wear and a longer service life of the engine However, sprinting ability (acceleration value) should be very high with the same engine power The essential fuel savings should also be economical Bring benefits.

These objects are achieved according to the invention in that the torque from the drive (1) via the input shaft (2) and via one or more reduction ratios (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) acts against the centrifugal force of rotating masses (26), with increasing drive torque on the shaft (2) (5) the rotating masses (26) are forced to smaller orbital radii, you thus reduce their kinetic energy and thus give rise to acceleration and propulsion problems on the vehicle. @ m Conversely, the holding force decreases with the drive torque against the centrifugal force of the masses: these reach larger rotation radii and thus higher orbital speeds and high kinetic Energy that they withdraw the kinetic energy of the vehicle: the vehicle is braked The torque of the drive regulates the energy consumption (regenerative braking) or the Energy release (vehicle acceleration) of this rotating energy store.

In order to avoid energy dissipation from the accumulator when the engine speed drops, the objects are also achieved according to the invention in that an inventive, automatic, dynamic and steplessly acting gear as well as a differential gear, the latter preferably as a planetary gear, the gear reduction drive-chassis reversed proportional to the reduction drive-rotating masses is changed; sinking Driving speed = faster mass circulation in the energy storage device, increasing driving speed = decreasing speed of rotation of the masses (26). The automatic transmission in turn is characterized thereby that revolving masses (29) have their radius of revolution in the area Change r1 to r2. The change of the masses from the smaller radius r to the larger one Radius r1 takes place through the centrifugal force, while the return to the smaller one Radius takes place through the deflection (28).

During this deflection, part of the mass momentum is applied to the Deflection (28) transmit with the driving force F, the @ torque to the output shaft generated and drives the vehicle.

The driving force on the vehicle increases with increasing engine speed, greater Difference r1-r2, increasing radius of revolution, larger masses and increasing difference the input and output speed. The gear reduction changes automatically, fully automatic according to the required driving torque without forcing the engine speed down.

The invention can be used in a wide variety of combinations, see above In particular, the radius of rotation of the masses (26) can be changed in various ways The motor torque required for this can also be used in various ways If the effectiveness is lower, the automatic transmission can be through known Gearbox can be replaced, on the other hand, with highly effective automatic gearbox, however With less energy storage, the control of the orbital radii of the masses (26) is dispensed with.

Advantage. of this invention over the prior art of others Regenerative braking devices are particularly the low space and mass requirements. The energy storage masses are directly coupled to the torque of the motor and do not require any further Reqelunqstechnik.Besis 5 kg circulating mass with a speed difference of 4000 min-1 and r = 0.2m, a vehicle can weigh more than 1000 kg from the energy storage device alone than 20 km / h accelerate or decelerate. With higher numbers of revolutions this value Many times larger. Touring or racing vehicles are equipped in this way Superior to comparable vehicles with the same drive power the low fuel consumption and the very low pollution are high in intermittent driving (local traffic).

The drive torque regulates the energy in the rotating energy store Content via a corresponding reduction against the centrifugal force of the rotating masses, so that further regulating device.

are not required. Example: engine torque 100 Nm, gear ratio this torque via a clamping nut (16) over 40 revolutions on a pivoting path of the masses from rmax to rmin from 0.1m: mean effective force of the torque against the centrifugal force: ############### = 251 200 N or 251.2 kN.

Lever reduction, centrifugal force and torque reduction are to be coordinated accordingly.

Embodiments are shown in the drawings and will be in the following described in more detail.Es show Fig.1 the braking energy storage, which is about the drive (1) and the shaft (2) is operated in parallel to the usual coupling (3) and Gear (4) or corresponding synchronous gear or torque converter with the output shaft (5).

As the torque increases, the non-self-locking nut (1st 6) moved to the left and the rotating masses (26) with the lever (21) and the linkage (24) one small.

The radius of rotation is tongued. This reduces the energy of motion of the masses Excess energy is used to accelerate the vehicle via the continuously variable transmission (32) and via (3) (4) (5) This process is finished when the translated torque force and the Centrifugal force in equilibrium to swing out rmax an infinitely small torque is sufficient, with increasing deflection from the radial However, the torque requirement increases.

At the same time as the rotating masses are swiveled out, over the guide (17) relaxes the spring (27) and the continuously variable transmission (32) to a larger one Reduction switched: the rotational speed of the masses (26) decreases. More energy is Dissipated via (4) from the centrifugal energy of the masses (26) to accelerate the vehicle Decrease

of the drive torque, the processes are reversed: speed and the radius of revolution of the masses (26) increases.

Driving energy is drawn from the vehicle: the vehicle is braked The energy storage device has its greatest energy content at the lowest driving speed is only required in exceptional cases as emergency braking. If the gearbox (4) is idling is disengaged, the energy storage system retains its power even when the vehicle is at a standstill (in Idling) its energy reserve, which is immediately available for acceleration when moving off of the vehicle available Fig.2 also shows an embodiment of the energy store in combination with known gear (4). In this version; however, it is not an additional one continuously variable transmission required. The drive torque is determined by the reduction (6) (7) (8) and their planetary gear (9) (10) (11) (13) about the Transfer the sun gear (11) to the rotating shaft (25) of the rotating masses (26). Simultaneously this reduction is coupled to the gearbox output shaft (5) via the ring gear (12) (13) and the gearwheel (14) If the speed of the shaft (5) is low, the speed of the shaft (25) is high and vice versa. Here So occurs a similar effect as with the continuously variable transmission (32) in the Fig. 1. At the same time, the reduction of the gear (4) increases the torque at (19) (16) and can now with small turns of the nut (1 6) as described in Fig.1 Swivel the rotating masses (26) via (20) (21) (22) (23). The torque from the gearbox output shaft (5) and additional drive or deceleration of the rotating masses (26) are via the Transfer the sliding guide (17) (18) to the chassis (15). This energy storage is therefore to be realized with very little effort.

3 shows an energy store with an automatic according to the invention Gear, the reduction of which is self-sufficient without external regulation The torque of the wheels adapts. At the same time there is also a weight reduction, so that the energy store with the automatic transmission does not require more mass than a modern conventional gearbox alone. The torque from (1) flows through (2) and the automatic transmission (30) (29) (28) on the one hand with the reduced speed via (4) to the Output shaft (19) and the torque push nut (16) as well as via the guide (17) and if necessary via an additional reverse gear (33) into the chassis the reduced torque also on the planetary gear or a corresponding one Differential gear (13) (9) (10) (11) abandoned.

(30) (28) (29) the centrifugal masses (26), which are coupled to the sun gear (11), become fast rotate, with a small reduction they rotate slowly. At the same time, over the push nut (16) and the push handle (21) the masses (26), as described in Fig.1 and Fig.2, in the rotation radii regulated Fig.4 shows an embodiment of the automatic Transmission as a cross section from Figure 3: the rotating masses (29) are as impellers formed, which is attached to the drive shaft (2) in an articulated manner via the pivot holder (30) During their rotation, the wheels roll over the deflection (28) from one large rotation radius r1 to a smaller rotation radius r2 the holder (30) back from their radial position, so that the Umlaufgescb Speed and the momentum of the masses (29) can be greatly reduced during this deflection. The deflections (28) absorb the differential impulse and generate a torque via the forces F. to the output shaft that with increasing differential speed of the input and output shaft, with larger masses (29) and larger difference r1 - r2 grows, i.e. im essential construction and differential speed dependent and not dependent on the input torque of the shaft (2). At synchronous speed (input speed = output speed) this is transmittable torque equal to zero. If the output speed is higher (e.g. on a Downhill section) so transfer the deflections (28) in the opposite direction of flow Drive torque on the motor shaft (2), which increases with increasing differential speed.

Torques and reduction width are even with very small automatic transmissions large compared to known gearboxes: For example, 5 masses of 0.2 kg each produce the at 3000 min, i.e. 100 times per second, their speed is reduced by 20 m / s a mean deflection force F = m. v @ 5.0.2. 20 = 2000 N, or on a lever arm @@@ = @@@@@ of 0.2 m a maximum torque of 400 Nm, with an average engine torque from 80 Nm a stepless reduction of up to 5: 1 would be given.

After the deflection, accelerate to the smaller orbit radius r2 the masses through their formal power and in turn reach rl.

Example: mass 0.2 kg1 r @ = 0.2 m, vm = 50 m / s, differential speed = 20 m / s, r1 - r2 = 0.1 m centrifugal force = 2500 N, acceleration from centrifugal force b = 125oom / s2 'acceleration time for 20 m / s = o, oo16 s at n = 3000 min 1 So the masses are thrown from r2 to r1 after 1/10 of a turn.

In order to largely avoid the wear and tear of the rotating rollers the curvature of the deflections (28) chosen so that the speed of rotation of the masses (29) around the shaft (2) changes as described at the given speed, but not the Self-rotation of the rollers (29) about their axes, which are mounted on the swivel holders (30) are.

5 shows a further embodiment of the invention Automatic transmission (28) (29) (30) with the energy storage device (24) (26). In the latter are the masses (26) moved radially and not axially pivotable. The space requirement is therefore very low and is also sufficient, for example, for motorcycles and bicycles. This arrangement is but also suitable for large vehicles. In addition, this is suitable Combination for the operation of heavy-duty machines, such as this Machine operated by an asynchronous motor, so this machine becomes gradually run up at an approximately constant engine speed. Different loads will be The electrical network is largely preserved.

In Fig. 5 is not the nut (16) but the threaded shaft (19) sliding and adjusting effective on the sliding masses (26), which are from the sun gear of the planetary gear (9) (10) (13) be rotated, which is operated by the automatic transmission via the ring gear (13) The output shaft of this embodiment example can be supplemented by a reverse gear (33) will.

Fig. 6 shows an example of adjustable deflections (28) of the automatic transmission This could be necessary if, for example, by other control devices of the power vehicle (e.g. fuel regulation) intervened in the reduction The deflectors can be swiveled in via the adjusting shafts (34) = larger reduction or vice versa.

7 shows a toothed rotation of the masses (29) around sliding friction The masses (29) are integrated in the gears (36) that roll over the ring gear (35), however, as a predominant part of the mass, which circles around the shaft (2) but does not rotates with the teeth (36).

This is how the inertia forces that act in the gearing and thus the tooth load is lower.

8 shows the exemplary embodiment of an energy store in a small construction without Automsti @ gear, which is only in the acceleration or deceleration phase The following becomes effective: With increasing torque, that via the planetary gear (9) (10) (13) and is transmitted via the rotating body (4) to the output shaft (18) via the nut (16) The threaded shaft (19) is moved to the left and a deceleration damper (38) is tensioned, the Forces the masses (26) to a larger radius via (27) and one with the brake lining 7) Frictional connection generated according to (4): the masses (26) are braked and emit kinetic energy to accelerate the vehicle (18). With the frictional connection (37) - (4) and via the ring gear (13) the planetary gear is rigid, it runs as a whole with the speed of the shaft (2). If the torque is reduced from (16) to (18), e.g. with When braking, the spring (27) relaxes and opens the power flow (4) (37), the sun gear (11) now rotates at a higher speed and accelerates the masses (26) The vehicle is drawn from kinetic energy via (18) (4) (13): it is braked Arrangement can be used as an energy store in combination with known gears In addition, uses as for the version according to Fig. 5 are also possible.

Fig.9 shows in cross section an embodiment according to Fig.8 for the energy storage.

Fig. 10 shows a corresponding example in which instead of the shoe brakes Disc brakes are used.

Fig. 11 again shows an embodiment in which Automat @ kgetriebe and Memory are integrated: with a sufficiently large reduction in the planetary gear (10) (11) (13) can the torque-dependent adjustment of the circumferential radii of the masses (26) is dispensed with Only a flywheel (26) is used. The automatic transmission (2) (28) (29) (3C) sets accelerations or decelerations into load-dependent ones Speed changes (4) (5) by Falling engine speed (1) (2) - e.g. to reduce the driving speed - increases the reduction of the automatic gearbox, so the speed of the sun gear also increases (11): the flywheel (26) is accelerated, the vehicle is given travel energy via (5) (13) Increasing engine speed sets the kinetic energy of the Flywheel (26) to accelerate the vehicle. An additional braking device that consists for example of a brake band (53), ensures when the vehicle comes to a standstill and running engine (e.g. at traffic lights) against unintentional starting automatic standstill lock (52) and a reverse gear (51) are also included can also be used in the exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG according to Fig.11 assumes in its function small changes in the speed of the engine.

Fig.12 shows a very simple energy storage example weisec for bicycles or small machines: on the drum (55) are double or multiple Ropes are spooled. As the torque increases, these ropes are spooled further and the masses (26) forced into smaller orbits.

They give off energy, the vehicle or the machine is accelerated decreasing torque outweighs the centrifugal force of the masses (26): the ropes wind from, the mass orbital radii rise, the vehicle becomes kinetic energy taken.

Fig.13 shows the embodiment of an automatic transmission according to the invention, the can be used independently of an energy storage device for load-dependent, automatic ones Speed regulation or torque conversion, also for heavy-duty machines, locomotives etc in particular.

also in combination with asynchronous motors.

Fig.14, Fig.15 and Fig.16 show embodiments for the axial Swiveling out the energy storage masses, here in Fig. 15 parallel shift for large difference in radii.

Fig. 16 shows the reduction in motion via worm (37) and worm wheels (37), the latter with flanged masses.

Fig.17 and Fig.20 show embodiments for radial pivoting of the energy storage masses (26). Here in Fig. 17: masses flanged to planet gears, in Fig. 20: Sliding guides of the masses.

Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 show examples of reduction ratios for the torque to compensate this against the large centrifugal force of the masses in Fig. 18: axially movable torque thrust nut. In Fig. 19: axially movable Threaded shaft, with the thread pitch or the thread design so it is to be selected that there is no self-locking in the nut in both directions of rotation shows as an example how their thrust nut (16) or threaded shaft (19) are created by embedded rollers (41) Lose self-locking.

The Fig. 22 shows in the example that the engine torque is also known The gear (42) (4) can be reinforced to compensate for the centrifugal forces: Gearbox in the course of the torque flow drive - chassis or as a torque branch The gearboxes must also not be self-locking on both sides.

FIG. 23 shows any external intervention, for example from the area of fuel metering for additional regulation of the energy storage: hydraulic or pneumatic Pressure (43) that moves the piston (43) and, via (45), the reduction of the circulating masses works.

FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 show exemplary embodiments of hydraulic masses (48) (49) instead solid masses (26). In Fig. 24: a bellows (47) or cylinder displaced by means of pneumatic Pressure the liquid (mass) from the high energy level (48) to the low energy level (49) On the other hand, the compression zone (50) pushes the liquid when the torque decreases nch (48). Fig. 25 shows an application example of hydraulic M @ ssen (48) (49) without Compression pad: change of position in an elastic bellows or in cylinders or other appropriately shaped bodies.

Fig. 26, Fig. 27, Fig. 28, Fig. 29, Fig. 30, Fig. 31, Fig. 32, Fig. 33, Fig. 34: show Exemplary embodiments of the automatic transmission according to the invention: FIG. 26: Rollers with masses (29) are guided over two or more deflections.

Fig27: like Fig. 26, but endless roller guide.

Fig. 28: The masses are guided by toothing.

Fig. 29: The holder (30) does not pivot but slide.

Fig. 30: instead of rolling mass circulation: sliding circulation, for example about lubricating film.

Fig. 31: Multiple deflection, brackets, if necessary, braced with one another via springs.

Fig. 32: Pre-tensioning force of the rotating masses against (28) with low Rotational speeds through compression pads between the holders (30).

Fig. 32: Adjustment option for the deflection of the masses Fig. 34: alternative for Fig. 33: Specification force for low speed ranges through spring preload (2), if necessary This also changes the circumferential radius as an alternative to FIG. 32.

Claims (23)

Rotary energy storage for braking energy use with automatic gear P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Rotary energy storage with automatic transmission for Brake energy use, characterized in that the input torque (1) C2) over one or more reductions (19) (16) (4) (30) (29) (28) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) against the centrifugal force of rotating masses (26) acts, with increasing input torque these masses (26) are forced to smaller orbital radii and have kinetic energy in addition to the input drive energy $, preferably for acceleration of vehicles or with decreasing input torque (1) (2) to larger circumferential radii be forced and absorb kinetic energy and thus preferably the vehicle brake. Also characterized in that other circumferential masses (29) over Deflection devices (28) enlarge their orbital radii during their rotation and reduce and thus impulses and driving forces and torques and predominantly also transfer energy to the deflections (28), these values increasing with required drive torque, preferably for driving vehicles, increase or decrease with decreasing required drive torque so that the reduction of the automatic transmission is automatically adapted to the needs. 2. Rotary energy storage with automatic transmission according to claim 1 it is also noted that the input shaft (2), the output shaft also as the hollow shaft of the transmission (4) and the input and output shaft the masses (26) are connected in a torque-dependent manner via differential gears, preferably Via a planetary gear and this preferably with the ring gear (13) to the Shaft (4), with the planetary gear disk (9) on the input shaft (2) and with the sun gear (11) the input and output shaft of the masses (26) 3. rotary energy storage according to claim 1 "however without the automatic gearbox and without the differential gear, characterized that the torque reduction (16) (19) (21) (24) at the same time or as a second version Via an actuator (20) (27) (31) a gear (32), preferably a continuously variable gear (32) switches, which on the one hand to the input shaft (2) directly or via a reduction is connected, on the other hand, is connected to the shaft of the masses (26). As the drive torque from the shaft (2) increases, the rotational speed becomes of the masses (26) are reduced, i.e. kinetic energy of the mass is released. preferably a vehicle accelerated with decreasing drive torque (2) the rotational speed of the masses increased and thus kinetic energy, preferably of a vehicle. 4. Dreherglespeicher according to claim 1 with differential gear, however without the automatic transmission according to the invention, characterized in that the Differential gear (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) preferably on the ring gear (13) of the output shaft of a known gear (5) (14), here preferably the driving gear 'die planetary gears preferably via a drive connection (8) (7) (6) to the drive shaft (2) and the Flywheel masses (26) are preferably connected to the sun gear (11) as a function of the torque The torque reduction (16) (19) (23) (24) already set via the gear (4) is compensated As in claim 1, the centrifugal force of the masses (26) via corresponding pivot bearings (22) (23) corresponding radius of revolution. 5. Dreher @ iespeicher according to claim 1 and claim 4 thereby Characterized that the planet gears (10) are operated via (11) directly by the drive shaft (2) and apart from the planetary gear, no further gear is interposed is also characterized in that the masses (26) with increasing greater drive torque Short-circuit the sun gear (11) and the ring gear (13) via one or more brakes (37), see above that the entire system with the drive number of the shaft (2) rotates and kinetic energy of the masses (26) is released or the brake (37) is released when the lower drive torque is falling is solved, the masses (26) accelerated to the increasing speed of the sun gear and draw energy, preferably brake the vehicle to decelerate it Processes can be interposed with a damper in the course of the torque reduction (16) (19) become (38). 6. Rotary energy storage with automatic transmission according to claim 1 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that with high gear reduction, in particular of the differential gear, preferably the planetary gear, on the torque-dependent, variable-radius mass circulation is dispensed with and the masses (26) as a flywheel are trained. 7. Rotary energy storage according to claims 1 and 6 '; but without automatic Transmission, characterized in that known instead of the automatic transmission Gearbox or no gearbox is interposed. 8. Sutomatisehes transmission according to claim 1, however, characterized'daß it is used separately without differential gear and without energy storage. 9. Torque reduction for adjusting the circumferential radius of the masses (26) the claims 1,2,3,4,5,7 characterized in that the masses over corresponding Guide systems can be pivoted axially or radially to different circumferential radii (24) (37) (38) (39) (40). 10. Torque reduction for adjusting the circumferential radius of the masses (26) according to claims 1 and 9 d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t That the input diameter is raised so far via self-running nut and spindle shaft (16 (19) that it compensates for the centrifugal forces of the masses (26). 11. Torque reduction according to claims 1,9 and 10 dad u r c h g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that in the nut (16) sliding rollers (41) to avoid are used by self-locking. 12. Torque reduction according to claims 1 and 9 dad u r c h e k e n n n n e i c h n e t that the increase in torque via ropes (56) and Seispulen (55) or other devices takes place. 13. Torque reduction according to claims 1 and 9 dad u r c h e k e n n n n e i n e t that known gear (42) (4) for increasing the input torque to be used. 14. Masses according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 d a d u r c h g e k e n It should be noted that liquids (48) (49) are used. 15. Energy store according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that the fluid is adjusted in its central circumferential circumference by means of pneumatic cushions, which preferably by the stepped torque and the centrifugal force of the liquid be compensated. 16. Energy store according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that the liquid (48) (49) by changing the shape of its circulation container or in corresponding Cylinders or in adjustable containers changed in their mean radius of rotation is, preferably via the stepped torque and the centrifugal force of the liquid be compensated. 17. Automatic transmission according to claims 1,6 and 8 dad u r c h e k e k e n n n n e i n e t that the masses (29) roll over to the deflections These deflections partially limit the orbits and can also be adjustable or the deflections cover the entire orbit limit. The orbit is preferably shaped so that the natural speed of the Guide rollers remain almost constant at a certain shaft speed (2). Transmission is further characterized in that the rotating Rollers on holders (fO) and axles are connected to the shaft (2). 18. Automatic transmission according to claims 1, 6, 8, 17 characterized in that the masses (29) are guided via gears and gear rim instead of rollers. 19. Automatic transmission according to claims 1,6,8 and 17 thereby marked that the masses are guided via an eccentric bore and by means of sliding friction will. 20. Automatic transmission according to claims 1,6,8,17 and 18 thereby characterized in that sliding guides are used instead of holders (30) and axes. 21. Automatic transmission according to claims 1,6,8,17,18,19 and 20 characterized in that the masses in addition to their centrifugal force via pneumatic, hvdraulic or spring force can be held against their orbit and so in small Speed ranges in their orbit stabilis. will. 22. Automatic transmission according to claims 1, 6, 8, 17, 18, 19 and 20 21 characterized in that a guide stabilization instead of the force stabilization takes place: the mass orbit is limited in the outer and inner circulation. 23. Energy storage device according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that that by other controls or servo control hvdr. or @@ eum. (43) additionally is regulated (44) (45).