DE2901162A1 - SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING CEILINGS AND / OR WALLS OF TUNNELS - Google Patents

Description

System for supporting the ceiling and / or straps of tunnels

The invention relates to a system for carrying Ceiling and / or ylanding of tunnels «

In a coal mine, the usual support system involves the erection of metal arches, which are placed in spaces between. about a meter are stretched »and aas insertion, from flats of corrugated iron, wooden planks or concrete slabs to support the walls and ceiling. support, between these arches. This facility is expensive because of the large amount of steel required per unit of tunnel length. The plant is uneconomical in terms of energy and performance for the Yentilatiott due to the irregular tunnel profile through which the air must pass. * A ^r eil not airtight the system, there is a high risk where the spontaneous combustion is difficult. The seam behind the supports is hand-packed, which leaves unavoidable gaps which can be filled with flammable gases and which cannot be peeled off.

It is the task of the invention5 a support system for supporting the ceiling and / ocLe :? To indicate walls of shummies - in which these problems are reduced "

¥ acii of the invention contains a system for carrying Beeke iind / or found, a tunnel at least two metal carriers, which are arranged in. Appropriate distance, and

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each of which has one or more flanges for attaching the ends of the shuttering boards, which are brought between the metal beams and thus form the ceiling and / or walls of the tunnel. The support system contains means which run between adjacent girders so that when a point on the structure is subjected to an external force, the load is distributed over a wide area of the structure in order to reduce the stress on the individual supports and thus the deformation of the To keep the support system as small as possible.

It has been shown that when using a support system for the interior of a tunnel in the external pressures on the Plant act, and be evenly distributed over a wide area and not limited to a single carrier it is possible to use lighter beams and shuttering boards than usual systems, taking into account the safety regulations be respected.

The shuttering boards between the girders for building Tunnel walls and ceilings can be any length, width and thickness. The term "formwork boards" used here means a plate of appropriate material as a filling between the beams, including wooden planks, Iron sheets and concrete slabs. The shuttering boards are preferably concrete slabs, pure concrete or a mixture Made of concrete and fibers with one or more layers of braid for light weight and strength.

The respective preferred shuttering boards are made from a concrete mix made with polypropylene fibers. The shuttering boards can advantageously consist of white concrete, to improve light reflections from the tunnel walls Reinforce lighting.

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The metal support for use in the invention can from a single piece or in two or more sections depending on the size of the tunnel. The sections of a girder are made with the help of gusset plates screwed together. The carriers can have a T or Η cross section and are significantly lighter e.g. 30y »as the usual carrier. There will be one or more Flanges of the beam are provided to support the support of the shuttering boards which prevent the boards from falling into prevent the tunnel. Another splash gives rigidity and strength to prevent longitudinal movement the shuttering boards. This splash can also be a means of working together with wires, screws, struts or the like. For connecting adjacent beams.

Side-by-side beams are preferably connected by a series of struts to form a rigid structure arises, which distributes an external load over the entire structure on a number of isolated girders, which would otherwise be individual Porters would bear all the external burden. The struts can have end parts in the usual way are bent over a right angle, and the carriers can be provided with slits or - »- us cuts into which the Engage end portions of the struts. The struts can be made from metal tubes to achieve low weight and high strength exist. The struts are preferably located between each form board and the longitudinal edges of the form board, which is provided with a cut or a groove to accommodate the struts. In this way, the The breakage of a shuttering board prevents it from falling into the tunnel when it engages in the longitudinal incisions Striving is kept.

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This system allows easy erection of the walls and the ceiling of the tunnel and is also easy to fit. For example, incisions can be made in the tunnel wall without affecting the strength of the support system, using the strut-and-beam technique is weakened, as will be described.

The shuttering boards can by applying a force that presses the beams towards one another at each end of the boards be retightened. It does this by using several steel screws or steel wires that hold the girders connect and tighten the screws or tension the wires after the boards are in place. Preferably there is a screw or steel wire between each plate to provide uniform loading to ensure. Each section of the tunnel is so loaded in this way that the entire structure is rigid and the external loads are distributed.

The gaps between the support structure and the rock layer can be designed in such a way that the formation of gases is prevented will. Depending on the service life of the tunnel, the gaps can be packed with overburden and filled with cement slurry will.

The invention is described with the aid of the drawings. In these is:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an example of a support system according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a modified support system;

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Figure 3 is a section on line 2-2 of Figure 2; and

Figure 4 is an end view of the concrete slab for use according to the invention.

The support system according to Figure 1 contains a number of metal girders of T-shaped cross-section, between which concrete slabs 4 lying, the usual size of 92 χ 46 cm have and are spaced from each other accordingly. The struts 6 are made of metal tubes and are on each The end is provided with an untwisted part 8 which engages in a slot 10 which is located in the carrier 2. the load-bearing construction can be easily achieved by alternative slots in the struts and inserting the shuttering boards be assembled.

The shuttering boards are preferably provided on their larger edges with a longitudinal groove 12 into which the struts 6 be recorded, as Figure 4 shows. Thus, each board is on the larger edges of the struts 6 and at the edge end held by the flanges of the carrier 2. A break in the shuttering board does not result in it falling into the Tunnel.

The simple system with strut and beam enables a system to provide incisions or manholes. Until now such incisions were simply made in the rock and supported with stiffeners.

In this installation, the walls and ceiling of the incision are made made of similar girders and struts as the main tunnel and connected to one another by struts so that a rigid framework is created. The rigid construction distributes external loads over a wider area of the load-bearing

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system and thus keeps the load on the individual girders very low. In this way, lighter ones can Carriers can be used as before without reducing the strength of the system.

The metal supports can be made from a single piece or in two or more sections, the be fastened by screwed gusset plates. The carriers according to Figure 1 are made in three sections, which are fastened by the gusset plates 16.

The support system can be further reinforced by side-by-side beams, e.g. on the gusset plates Tensioned after installation by one or more screws or wires. For example, a hanging screw attached to the gusset plates side by side beams and to increase the rigidity of the construction be excited. Furthermore, each carrier can be similarly by a tensioned screw or a Wire that runs along the top of the arch. For example, a hanging screw can be attached the two gusset plates 16 of a beam are connected and tensioned. This arrangement also has the other Advantage that the screws or wires that run at the top of the tunnel, a support for a dust barrier e.g. by layering boards across the bolts or wires. The screws or Wires can also be used to carry power or air lines.

In the system according to Figure 2, a screw 18 made of soft steel, which connects the metal supports to one another,

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provided between each concrete slab, - ^ ie screw is tightened to compress the beams and load the concrete slabs, Figure 3 shows in detail the position of the concrete slabs 4 and the carrier 2. Sine side of the slab abuts a flange of the carrier and the ends of the plate butt against the beam at the lower part of the T. The screw 18 that connects the two beams, has a threaded end that in a threaded cut in the screw 19 of the next section of the tunnel girder fits. When tightening the screws 18 and 19 will be the two carriers are pressed towards each other and the plate 4 is loaded. In this way the whole structure becomes claimed to obtain a rigid structure that distributes an external load over a large area of the support structure and thus keeps the stress on the individual wearers low.

Figure 4 shows an end view of a concrete slab. The long edges the plate are provided with notches 12, which receive the screws, struts or wire connections of the girders, so that the panels lie close together and thus result in a smooth tunnel lining.

The support systems according to the invention have over conventional the following advantages:

a) As a result of the lower amount of steel per unit length of the tunnel and the greater use of cheaper material, i.e. concrete, the cost per unit length is significantly reduced.

b) Because the concrete slabs are in the side flanges of the arch there is a smooth surface for the passage of ventilation air, which in turn means savings in ventilation energy.

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c) The tight fitting of the hats into the arches and the subsequent filling of the gaps with concrete results in a completely airtight tunnel. Thus, at spontaneous risk of burns the spread, in this i'all via an oxygen extraction through the tunnel walls avoided.

d) The gaps that are created by packing by hand are pumped in this system by using a Concrete filling eliminated. This means that no gases can develop behind the beams.

e) The. Support system is rigid and on the line of the Aeges all gaps next to the beams are filled in completely. Thus the rock cannot weather and pressures are evenly distributed over the entire beam and deformation can be regulated.

f) The whole structure is much lighter than one usual plant. It is easier and quicker to erect, which saves construction time.

g) If the carriers have a smooth surface to the path, there is no accumulation of dust as with previous ones Arcs result. Another dust barrier can also be provided in the ceiling of the tunnel.

h) local material in the mine can be crushed and with be placed behind the sheets using a staggering machine. Depending on the service life of the tunnel, it can be packed this way or poured with cement slurry to make concrete.

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summary

A support system for the // ands and / or the ceiling of a tunnel contains metal girders ₉ which lie between shuttering boards and are supported by these, in which struts or tensioned screws or wires connect the adjacent girders to one another and thus form a rigid structure that forms the outer Distributes the load and thereby keeps the stress on the individual metal girders low. The carriers can be much lighter than before, without violating the safety regulations.

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Claims (15)

Claims Support system for supporting the walls and / or ceiling of a tunnel with at least two spaced apart Beams and shuttering boards (so designated here), characterized in that each Carrier (2) has one or more flanges for the ends of the shuttering boards (4) that the shuttering boards between the girders lie and form the ceiling and / or walls of the tunnel that the support system contains parts that run between side-by-side girders and such are designed and arranged that when a point of the support structure is exposed to an external force, the load is distributed over a wide area of the system and so the load on the individual girders is reduced. 2 - 9098 28/102 4 OFFICE MÖNCHEN: TELEX: TELEGRAM: PHONE: BANK ACCOUNT: CHECK ACCOUNT: ST. ANNASTR. 11 1 - 8S6 44 INVENTION BERLIN BERLIN 31 W. MEISSNER, BLN-W 8000 MUNICH 22 INVEN d BERLIN 030/891 60 37 BERLINER BANK AG. 122 82 -109 TEL. 089/22 35 44 030/892 23 82 3695716000 2. Filing n "ch ... nspruch 1, characterized in that that the beams have a T-shaped cross-section. 3. -mlage according to claims 1 and 2, thereby -gekennzei ensure that the central struts (6) running between adjacent beams included, which are connected at each end to the respective carrier and between adjacent shuttering boards (4-) lie. 4-, plant according to claim 3 »thereby. marked, dc'ß the ends of the struts (6) around one are bent at right angles and engage in slots on the carrier. 5. Plant according to claim 4, characterized in that that a tunnel wall is provided with an incision, the walls and ceiling of which are arranged distributed Girders exist, with shuttering boards (4 ·) lying between them, and that adjacent girders (2) are connected by struts (6), the ends of which are bent at right angles and inserted into slots in the Intervene carriers. 6. Plant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the shuttering boards (4-) by tensioning screws (18,19) or wires that support the girders connect, are biased. 7. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the shuttering boards (4-) by loading 909828/1024 BATH ORIGINAL adjacent beams (2) connecting screws (18,19) are biased, which lie between adjacent shuttering boards (4). 8. Plant according to the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the larger edges of the shuttering boards (4-) are provided with a longitudinal incision (12) which receives a strut screw (18,19) or wires running between adjacent girders. 9. Plant according to the preceding claims, characterized gekennze ichnet that the shuttering board (4) consists of concrete containing tolypropylene fibers. 10. Plant according to the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the carrier (2) are divided into three sections, which are fastened together by screwed gusset plates (16). 11. Plant according to claim 10, characterized in that that the gusset plates (16) of adjacent beams (2) are connected by tensioned hanging screws. 12. Plant according to claims 10 and 12, d a through ch gekennze ichnet that the gusset plates (16) each beam (2) are connected by tensioned hanging screws. 13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the suspension screws have a screw barrier and / or carry an air line and / or a power line. 909828/1024 14. Plant according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that that the carrier (2) are made of metal. 15. method of lining the inside of a tunnel, characterized by a support system according to claim 1, wherein the gaps are behind the shuttering boards (4) are packed with overburden or cement. i / 909828/1024