DE2851301A1 - Potatoes etc. steam peeling machine - with segmented two-tier rotor and locks for charging and discharging - Google Patents

Abstract

Parent Patent described a steam peeler for potatoes and other tubers which were fed through a lock to pressure vessel. In this addn., the vessel shape is a vertical cylinder with a horizontal partition. An intermittently revolving transport wheel is in two parts, each with six segments which convey the charge from the feed lock to the discharge lock. This brings the tubers into contact with hot steam in small portions. It operates continuously and is simple in design so that it can be produced at low cost.

Description

Steam peeler for potatoes, root and tuber vegetables, fruits and the same.

The invention relates to a steam peeler for potatoes, root and Bulbous vegetables, fruits and the like with a pressure vessel, locks for the Gutzufuhr and Gutabfuhr and a conveying device in the pressure vessel, in which the conveying device has separating devices through which the individual through a lock of the conveying device supplied portions of peeled material separated from one another be conveyed to a material discharge opening of the pressure vessel, according to claim 6 of patent application P 26 31 410.3.

Around potatoes, root and tuber vegetables, fruits or the like to peel, this peeled material is in a pressure vessel for a certain period of time exposed to certain vapor pressure.

The peeling effect is better, the faster and more costly the peeled material is exposed to the action of the hot steam in the pressure vessel will. In addition, it is desirable that only the outer shell to be removed and not the peelings themselves are cooked. Therefore, the peeled material must not be allowed to take too long Remain in the pressure vessel and must be as even as possible with the hot steam get abandoned. It follows from this that it is advisable to cut the peeled material in small pieces To smuggle quantities into the pressure vessel, in these small portions through the Pass the pressure vessel through and the flow time exactly on the to be treated To coordinate the peeled material.

For economically working peeling systems it is also essential that the peeling system works in parallel and has a certain minimum capacity having. For this reason, several individual portions must be used at the same time are treated, but for the reasons given above during the treatment period are kept separate from each other so that no larger clusters form, which would cause uneven contact with the hot steam.

For a long time, transport screws have been used to transport the peeled material known by the pressure vessel, was in the patent application cited above P 26 31 410.3 already indicated an improved conveyor, which is essentially consisted of a basket wheel rotatable around a horizontal axis. This basket wheel works in a horizontal boiler, so that the material supply and removal via pipe sockets must be done, which are welded into the curved walls of the boiler have to.

On the other hand, it is desirable to provide a steam peeler which can be produced in a simpler way.

It is therefore the aim of the invention to provide a steam peeler, in which the peeled food in small portions evenly with the hot steam is brought into contact and / thereby works essentially continuously and the moreover, it is simple in construction and can be manufactured more cheaply.

This task is performed by a steam shearer of the type described at the beginning Type solved, which is characterized in that the »back container is a vertical Boiler with a circular cylindrical interior, the conveying device is a transport wheel comprises, rlan l7rn its axis aligned perpendicularly along the boiler axis rotatable is mounted and has partitions extending radially outward from the axis, which wound in the radial direction up to the boiler and down to the boiler bottom extend, and that at least one material supply opening on the upper end face of the boiler and at least one material discharge opening are provided in the boiler floor, The boiler is expediently made from a cylinder rod that is attached to his upper face and on its lower face each with a wreisrin - Plate flange is provided. This flange can be relatively easy in a known manner be welded to the cylindrical pipe section. As a cover on the top The front side is expediently used by a round flat flange that has a sealing ring is attached to the mating flange with screws, for example. Also the bottom of the The boiler consists expediently of a round flat flange, which in the usual way is attached to the counter flange.

In this case, the material supply opening can be designed as a pipe socket which is welded into the upper plate flange.

The material discharge opening is designed in the same way.

The axis of the transport wheel is, for example, using the usual Rotary feedthroughs, stuffing boxes and the like above and below through the end faces of the boiler. These bushings can be used if the base and cover of the Boilers are designed as flat flanges, attach particularly easily.

The transport wheel is shaped like a sier with radially extending partitions provided, which preferably have such large holes that the steam practically can pass through unhindered. The partition walls are accordingly made of perforated Sheet metal, rod-shaped Grids, nets or the like.

Preferably, the upper edges of the partition walls each extend to just below the upper front wall of the boiler interior, so that in each case two partition walls together with parts of the wall of the boiler interior a chamber form, each provided for a portion of peeled material. The chambers for formwork are open at the top and bottom in this WusfUhrungsform so that the peeled material through Traps can be introduced into the chamber. Then while the transport wheel rotates, the peeled product, lying on the floor, is peeled to the product discharge opening, where it can fall out through the open bottom of the chamber.

T) he goods infeed and discharge take place via locks, the pressure of which can be increased or decreased before opening, if necessary so that the pressure in the actual pressure vessel hardly fluctuates The mode of operation is that the transport wheel is rotated in a factory-controlled manner. In the same rhythm the locks work, so that there is an overall cycle-controlled continuous Working method results.

If peeled material is to be processed that requires a relatively long stay in hot steam, this can be achieved by reducing the cycle times be extended.

A much more economical use of the steam peeler results however, in an embodiment of the invention in which several transport wheels Arranged one above the other and through intermediate floors that are firmly attached to the boiler wall are connected, are separated from each other. These intermediate floors each have at least a breakthrough for the transfer of goods.

If, for example, two are separated from one another by an intermediate floor Transport wheels are provided, the length of the stay can be the same with the same cycle time the peeled product in the hot steam to be roughly doubled.

The intermediate floors can be made of solid impermeable material, e.g.

an iron or steel plate, or made of perforated material how the partitions should be made. For peeled goods that are sensitive to abrasion is, it is expedient to have the intermediate floor made of smooth, non-perforated material to produce, because otherwise the peeled material will suffer abrasion at the edges of the breakthroughs can. On the other hand, it is recommended for insensitive peeled material, also in the intermediate floor Provide openings so that the pressure equalization in the pressure vessel takes place more quickly can.

If two transport wheels are arranged one above the other, the peeled material will fed to the upper transport wheel through the material feed lock and then clockwise transported further until it reaches the opening in the intermediate floor and in the lower transport wheel falls. Appropriately, this breakthrough is in the direction of rotation Arranged shortly before the point at which the material was supplied, so that the transport route is as long as possible.

In the lower transport wheel, the further treatment of the slurry then takes place until it reaches the material discharge opening and there falls into the sluice on the material discharge side and is removed.

To prevent peeled material from getting from one chamber to the other, it has proven to be useful to place the partition walls of a transport wheel in each case train so high that they betw. Intermediate shelf for the respective transport wheel extend to the overlying cover. This will be through the partitions and parts of the boiler wall chambers are formed that separate the peeled material well from one another keep. The dimensions of the transport wheel in diameter, up and down, are each dimensioned so that the available space is well filled, without the fixed wall being able to rub.

It is also useful to use the transport wheels, which are arranged one above the other to be driven together via a common axis, so that they are all in the same cycle be rotated further. The drive is expediently outside, where the shaft is passed through the front sides of the boiler.

If sensitive peeled material is to be treated, it is advantageous to to use a transport wheel that is provided with hinged shelves. These hinged floors each close one chamber from below.

They are attached to the lower edge of the partition wall by means of hinges. which is at the front when the transport wheel rotates, and can be used in this Fold the hinges down around the lower edge of the partition. As long as the Chamber is located above the floor, which is firmly connected to the boiler wall, becomes the folding floor Prevented from folding down by the floor or intermediate floor and grinds over this Floor. As soon as the chamber has reached the breach in the intermediate floor for the transfer of goods or approaches the product discharge opening in the kettle bottom, the lower edge passes over the Hinge for the hinged bottom until the hinged bottom can no longer be held and folds down. At this moment, the peeled material falls through the opening below. When turning further, the lower edge with the hinge passes over the floor material again, so that the hinged bottom gradually folds back into the closed position.

Since the hinged bottoms should only offer the peeled material one support, so it is not rubbed off when moving, these hinged shelves can also be made from be made with perforated material so that there are no pressure jams surrendered among them.

To avoid abrasion of the boiler bottom or the intermediate floors by the abrasive To avoid hinged floors, it is advisable to make the hinged floors from a softer one To manufacture material. For example, they can consist of plastic rags, which can be easily renewed. In the case of plastic flaps, for example, it is possible the hinges in a simple way as pipe half-shells with a pipe cut-out of more than 1800 train that over Round bars are pressed. The hinged floors are as plastic flaps on these tube half-shells, which are pressed over round bars integrally molded. They can be swiveled freely with the pipe half-shells over the round rods If they are worn, they can be easily replaced by simply pulling them off or pressing them on.

It is also advantageous for sensitive peeled material that the transport wheel to be closed at the periphery by a wall.

Appropriately, this wall is also cylindrical like the inside wall of the boiler. This creates baskets in which the peeled material is protected against Abrasion and grinding, can be transported.

Locks have proven to be special for the supply and removal of goods Proven to be advantageous in which the lock chamber in each case from the gap between two spaced apart and displaceable in a cylinder Piston is formed. This cylinder lock essentially does not work against it external pressures and therefore requires relatively little force to operate. Preferably the sluice is operated hydraulically or pneumatically, as it is for the pressure vessel the necessary pressure supply facilities are available anyway.

With the same boiler size, in a further embodiment the Invention the throughput can be increased with shorter steaming time if two Material supply openings offset by 180 ° from one another are provided and on the floor two material discharge openings also offset by 1800 are provided. Via a double lock the two material feed openings can be loaded at the same time. After a turn of the loaded transport wheel by less than 180 ° until the filled chamber is just one chamber width in front of the next material feed opening, this will The peeled material is released downwards. If there is only one transport wheel, it will while the material discharge sluice is performed, while it is in the event that several transport wheels are arranged one above the other, through an intermediate floor to the next lower Transport wheel is delivered.

In the next bar the chamber is now empty under the neclisteii GutzuLuhr opening filled again, whereupon working cycles connect again. For a full rotation of 360, the chamber is filled twice and twice emptied. The throughput of peeled material has doubled while the working time has increased of the actual steam peeling reduced to less than half the working time Has.

A steam peeler with two material feed openings is charged expediently through a double lock, which consists of the two spaces between two of three interconnected pistons that slide in a cylinder are formed. Through this, the two lock chambers of the l) f) ppelschleuse at the same time connected to the two material supply openings, with peeled material from the Space between two pistons falls through the material supply opening into a chamber. In the next stroke, the three-piston combination is shifted so that two each wide pistons of the three-piston combination close the two material supply openings and the two lock chambers are under filling devices. From the filling devices Untreated peeled material falls into the two lock chambers at the same time. in the In the next cycle, the three-piston double sluice shifts again so that the Material feed openings are both loaded at the same time. The transport bike has turned accordingly rotated in the same cycle. During the filling process there is a empty chamber of the transport wheel under the sluice. After the chamber is filled, the three-piston combination is moved and closes the material feed openings. After the lock chambers from a filling device with untreated peeled material have been filled, the transport wheel rotates by one chamber width. Thereafter there is again a ready-to-receive chamber under the material supply opening, and the three-piston combination is actuated so that a lock chamber over the Material feed opening is pushed.

In the same cycle, the finished peeled material is produced at the bottom of the boiler taken. First a double sluice closes the material discharge openings, the in the direction of rotation are one chamber width in front of the location of the GutwufuhrdfEnungen. A filled chamber is turned over the still closed material disposal opening. The three-piston combination of the crop discharge double sluice is shifted so that there is an empty lock chamber under the material discharge opening. The finished one The peeled material falls into this empty lock chamber. Then the three-piston combination moved so that the filled lock chamber is above a crop removal device is located. This is where the peeled material is delivered. At the same time, the transport wheel has turned further, so that a chamber filled with finished peeled material is again over the good dispensing opening is located. The three-piston combination is shifted again, The empty lock chamber receives the falling peeled material.

Overall, the steam peeler works continuously, that runs in a clocked manner.

It has proven to be useful to use the open cross-section of a each chamber of the transport wheel has the cross-section of the material supply opening or the material discharge opening adapt. In particular, funnel-shaped baffles can be used for input and output facilitate peeling. Furthermore, one is advantageously in the transport wheel cylindrical wall is provided, the radius of which is approximately dimensioned such that the width of the chamber from the outer periphery corresponds to the diameter of the filling opening. This prevents the peeled material from entering blind spots in the sector-shaped chamber rolls and stays there. A perfect emptying can be achieved by means of baffles still be supported by the Chamber.

This cylindrical partition is expediently perforated, so that the cylindrical inner space inside the transport wheel, which is not with Peeled material is charged, serves as a pressure buffer zone for the pressure vessel.

Although it has proven to be useful in operation, transport wheels with six partitions and accordingly six chambers for peeled goods the number of chambers is not limited in any way. The more chambers are present with the same diameter of the transport wheel, the smaller the individual chambers. With the same total throughput, the lock must accordingly operated more frequently.

In individual cases, the specialist will find the most favorable number of partitions, the cheapest number of transport wheels arranged one above the other and the optimal one Determine the cycle time according to the product to be peeled.

Regarding the arrangement of the material feed and discharge openings, it should be noted that that it is for the optimal use of the available space in the transport wheel it is advisable to keep the material supply opening or the material discharge opening as far out as possible to be attached to the periserie of the boiler lid or the boiler bottom. This will the size or the number of chambers C of the transport wheel is greatest.

The invention will now be illustrated by an exemplary embodiment with reference to the attached Drawings explained in more detail.

The drawings show: Schematisehen FrTllltPTlr) Cr Figure 1 a Cross section through a steam peeler for / a preferred embodiment of the Invention and FIG. 2 shows a cross section perpendicular to the axis through a transport wheel for the steam peeler according to Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows a pressure vessel 1 in the form of a cylindrical vessel, which is made from a cylinder tube with the usual round flanges on both ends are welded on. There are circular flat plates on each of these round flanges attached by means of flanges to form the pressure vessel.

A pipe socket is welded into the base plate 6, which forms the material discharge opening 8 forms, while a pipe socket is welded into the cover plate 5, the the material supply opening 7 forms, two transport wheels 2 and 3 are through an intermediate floor 4 arranged separately one above the other in the cylindrical boiler. These transport bikes 2 and 3 are attached to a common shaft 9, the top by means of glands led out of the boiler through the cover plate 5 and below through the base plate 6 is. Both transport wheels 2 and 3 are driven simultaneously via this shaft 9 and rotated clockwise by one chamber width.

The transport wheel 2 has a cylindrical partition wall 10, the pede Filling chamber limited on the inside. An outer cylindrical wall 11 closes the chambers of the transport wheel on the periphery of the transport wheel. In the same Way are the chambers of the transport wheel 3 between a cylindrical Partition wall 12 and the outer cylindrical wall 13. Partition walls 14 extend each from the inner cylindrical partition to the outer cylindrical wall and limit the individual Chambers for Seh§1gut The material is supplied via a lock, which consists of two pistons 15 and 16, which are fixed to one another are connected via a piston arm 17 and are displaceable in a cylinder 18. the Schletisenkammer 19 between the two pistons 15 and 16 is filled by a filling device loaded with peeled material, whereupon the two-piston combination moves to the left, until the lock chamber 19 is above the material supply opening 7. This will the Scälgl is discharged from the lock chamber 19 into a chamber of the transport wheel 2. Then the two-piston combination is shifted to the left again, whereupon the long piston 15 closes the Gutzufuröffnung 7 and the lock chamber 19 new is filled.

FIG. 2 shows a chamber arrangement of the transport wheels 2 and: 3.

Six chambers a to f are divided off by six partition walls 14.

After chamber a is filled and the two-piston combination to the right has been moved, the transport wheel 2 is rotated by one chamber in the direction of the arrow, so that the chamber f comes under the material supply opening 7. In the next work cycle the chamber f is then filled, etc.

If in the upper transport wheel 2 the chamber a is the original location has reached chamber f, the peeled material falls through an opening in the intermediate floor 4 at this point in the lower transport wheel 3.

The peeled material, which was originally in the place of chamber a in the transport wheel 2 and through the opening at the original location of the chamber f has fallen into the transport wheel 3, is moved in rhythm until it comes to the original location of chamber e. The material discharge opening is at this point 8 in the bottom plate 6, i.e. provided in the boiler bottom, and the finished treated At this point, the peeled material falls into a lock chamber 19 'of a lock which consists of the two pistons 1S 'and 16', which are displaceable in a cylinder 18 ' are.

Via this lock chamber 19 'it is connected to a removal device submitted.

Of the twelve cycles that a portion of peeled food is in the steam peeler is located, so there is a clock for the filling process and a clock for the output of the Used. In addition, the peeled material is removed from the transport wheel in the fifth work cycle 2 delivered to the transport wheel 3. Npcb another four work cycles will be there longed for covers issued.

In a further embodiment, the transport wheels have 2 and 3 six hinged shelves each 15. Each compartment a to f has its own hinged shelf, which corresponds to the base area of the respective chamber. The hinged bottom 20 of the chamber d in Figure 2 is pivotable about the lower edge 21 of the partition 14, which is in the direction of rotation chamber d is at the front.

Claims (11)

Claims ¼ steam peeler for potatoes, root and tuber vegetables, Fruits and the like with a pressure vessel, locks for the supply of goods and the goods discharge and a conveyor in the Uruck container, in which the conveyor Separating devices through which the individual passes through a sluice of the conveyor supplied portions of peeled material separated from one another to a material discharge opening of the Pressure vessel are transported, according to patent application P 26 31 410.3, d a d u r It is noted that the pressure vessel (1) is a vertical one Is boiler with a circular cylindrical interior space and the conveyor device is a transport wheel (2,3) encompasses that about its axis oriented perpendicularly along the boiler axis is rotatably mounted and from the axis radially outward Partitions tal4), which extend in the radial direction up to the boiler wall and after extend down to the bottom of the boiler, and at least one material feed opening (7) on the upper face of the boiler and at least one material discharge opening (8) in the boiler bottom (6) is provided. 2. Steam peeler according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the upper edges of the partition walls (14) each to just below the The upper front wall of the boiler interior is sufficient, so that there are two partitions together with parts of the wall of the boiler interior form a chamber (a, b, c ...), which is rotated by the rotation of the transport wheel (2,3). 3. Steam peeler according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n notes that the partition walls (1f) are provided with holes. 4. Steam peeler according to claim 1 or 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n show that several transport wheels (2,3) are arranged one above the other and are separated from each other by intermediate floors (4) which are firmly attached to the boiler wall are connected and each have at least one breakthrough for the transfer of goods. 5. Steam peeler according to claim 4, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that the partition walls (14) of the lowest transport wheel (3) from the boiler bottom until just below the lowest intermediate floor (4) and the dividing walls of the top one Transport wheel (2) from the uppermost intermediate floor (4) to just below the upper end wall of the boiler and, if there are several intermediate floors, the height of the partition walls a transport wheel between two intermediate floors approximately equal to the distance between them both shelves. Steam peeler according to one of claims 4 or 5 d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the transport wheels (2; 3) arranged one above the other are driven together via a common shaft (9). 7. Steam peeler according to one of claims 1 to 6 d a d u r c h g e it is not indicated that each transport wheel (2; 3! has six partition walls (14), limit the six chambers (a, b, c, d, e, f) for peeled material. 8. Steam peeler according to one of claims 1 to 7 d a d u r c h g e it is not noted that each transport wheel is provided with hinged bottoms, whereby a hinged bottom the circular sector or circular ring surface (20) between two partition walls (14) and the associated cylinder wall piece of the boiler (1) closes and over one or more hinge (s) on the lower edge (21) of that partition (1§ of d) is attached, which is located in front of the turning movement, and in this hinge or can be folded down in hinges around this lower edge of the partition. 9. Steam peeler according to claim 8, d a d U r c h g e -k e n n z e i n e t that the hinged shelves are provided with holes. 10. Steam peeler according to one of claims 1 to 9 d a d u r c h g E k e n n n n e i n e t that each transport wheel (2,3) through in the radial direction a cylinder wall piece (11; 13) is closed so that the partition walls (14) each between the axis (9) of the transport wheel and this cylinder wall of the transport wheel extend. 11. Steam peeler according to one of claims 1 to 10 d a d u r c h g It is not noted that each transport wheel (2; 3) has an inner cylindrical partition wall (10; 12) and the partitions (14) only each extend radially outward from the inner cylindrical partition. Steam peeler according to one of claims 1 to 11 d a d u r c h g e k It is noted that the material supply and / or the material discharge through a lock chamber (19; 19 ') takes place from the space between two at a distance from each other connected and in a cylinder (18; 18 ') displaceable piston (15,16; 1', 1 ') is formed. 1, steam shearer according to one of claims 4 to 11 d a d u r c h g It is not noted that the top transport wheel (2) moved two of them by 1800 Good feed openings and the lowest transport wheel (3) has two 180 ° offset good discharge openings possesses and for the material supply and / or for the material removal in each case a double lock it is provided from the two interim spaces between two of three interconnected pistons which are slidable in a cylinder formed so that the two lock chambers each have a double lock at the same time the two material supply openings (or the two material discharge openings) and then at the same time are connected to two filling devices (or two removal devices),