DE2838026A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von bleistiftminen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von bleistiftminenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2838026A1 DE2838026A1 DE19782838026 DE2838026A DE2838026A1 DE 2838026 A1 DE2838026 A1 DE 2838026A1 DE 19782838026 DE19782838026 DE 19782838026 DE 2838026 A DE2838026 A DE 2838026A DE 2838026 A1 DE2838026 A1 DE 2838026A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- parts
- weight
- water
- pencil leads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002085 Dialdehyde starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- DMCJFWXGXUEHFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentatriacontan-18-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DMCJFWXGXUEHFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HSEMFIZWXHQJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O HSEMFIZWXHQJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004164 Wax ester Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 206010042674 Swelling Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- BPSLVNCMKDXZPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 BPSLVNCMKDXZPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- UNRFDARCMOHDBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontan-16-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UNRFDARCMOHDBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012182 japan wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004170 rice bran wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019384 rice bran wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012164 animal wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOMZHDJXSYHPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-6-phenyldiazenylnaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC2=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(N=NC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(O)=C2C(N)=C1N=NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 AOMZHDJXSYHPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000763 evoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WEIATHGPGPOEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WEIATHGPGPOEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012176 shellac wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K19/00—Non-propelling pencils; Styles; Crayons; Chalks
- B43K19/16—Making non-propelling pencils
- B43K19/18—Making pencil writing-cores
Landscapes
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782838026 DE2838026A1 (de) | 1978-08-31 | 1978-08-31 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bleistiftminen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782838026 DE2838026A1 (de) | 1978-08-31 | 1978-08-31 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bleistiftminen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2838026A1 true DE2838026A1 (de) | 1980-03-13 |
| DE2838026C2 DE2838026C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-03-16 |
Family
ID=6048375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782838026 Granted DE2838026A1 (de) | 1978-08-31 | 1978-08-31 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bleistiftminen |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2838026A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0021135A3 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1981-05-27 | Schwan Stabilo Schwanhaeusser | Method of preparing a cosmetic base |
| DE3421408A1 (de) * | 1984-06-08 | 1986-01-02 | Johann Froescheis LYRA-Bleistift-Fabrik GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Mine fuer schreib-, markier- oder zeichenzwecke in form einer feststoffmine |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05121929A (ja) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | アンテナにおける屋外送受信機の取付構造 |
| JPH05141375A (ja) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-06-08 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 回転式圧縮機 |
| JPH05148084A (ja) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 超電導体 |
-
1978
- 1978-08-31 DE DE19782838026 patent/DE2838026A1/de active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05121929A (ja) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | アンテナにおける屋外送受信機の取付構造 |
| JPH05141375A (ja) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-06-08 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 回転式圧縮機 |
| JPH05148084A (ja) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 超電導体 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0021135A3 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1981-05-27 | Schwan Stabilo Schwanhaeusser | Method of preparing a cosmetic base |
| DE3421408A1 (de) * | 1984-06-08 | 1986-01-02 | Johann Froescheis LYRA-Bleistift-Fabrik GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Mine fuer schreib-, markier- oder zeichenzwecke in form einer feststoffmine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2838026C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-03-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |