DE2826107A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING DRINKING WATER - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Treatment of drinking water and in particular for the production of biologically safe, natural drinking water.

The treatment of household drinking water by passing the water through a bed of activated carbon made with oligodynamic Silver is impregnated or has this or contains other bactericides adsorbed, is known see, for example, U.S. Patents 2,595,290, 3,242,073, 3,268,444, 3,585,130 and the references cited therein.

In addition to the prior art according to the above-mentioned patents, HASA (= United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration) which will be discussed below Experiments carried out explained and devices constructed to water in space vehicles with silver ions for the purpose the killing of biological material and viruses, as explained below, to be treated.

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NASA's first report, entitled "Biocidal Effects of Silver, Contract NAS 9-9300, Final Technical Report," February 1971 by Dean 0. Cliver, Ph. D, University of Wisconsin, reports the biological material and virus-killing effects of silver ions distilled in a very pure or
deionized water, and the bacteria involved here
are not pathogenic bacteria like those found in natural water. These studies showed that increased levels
reduce the killing time of silver ions and the inhibiting effect of chlorides is mentioned. In this report, however, is not about working methods for the introduction of silver ions into natural water using silver salt and silver metal, adsorbed and impregnated in activated carbon to achieve high levels of silver release at the usual seasonal water temperatures, as is done according to the invention.

A second NASA report, entitled "Potable Water Bactericide Agent Development", Contract NAS 9-912104-, Final Report 3097, July 1972, Chemtric Inc., deals with the development of one
Silver ion purification system designed to be used as a
To treat waste water generated by-product from fuel cells to be used in the Orbiter program. A specific water analysis was carried out here. A specific sequence of units has been built up for various purposes:

A. Biological filter containing AgCl particles. This filter was designed to remove particulate matter and biological contaminants, otherwise the following
Would quickly pollute the system;

B. A filter made of activated carbon. An ordinary activated carbon filter was used to remove bad taste, smell, and coloration

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st

remove other contaminants that were not removed by the biological filter;

G. A silver chloride column. A column, composed of crystals of silver chloride, spread among glass beads, was used to dose the water with silver ions. At natural concentrations of 1.55 x 10 g / l it was the silver ion content far above the amount given by Cliver (first NASA report).

D. A water storage container. A pair of water storage containers was next in line. There was no obvious reason for the arrangement of the Containers at this point in the order given. Obviously, however, required the supply flow rate of approximately 3.8 IA (1 gallon per hour) an intermediary Storage point to deliver the product water at approximately 26.5 l / h (7 gallons per hour). It's on it to indicate that two containers (of undefined size) were used, connected in parallel and not in series was. However, the system was able to bypass the containers completely, with no relation to the holding time for a possibility of a complete destruction of biological material is more given.

E. A deionizer. A deionization column was used to remove silver ions, as the content was above the allowable 50 ppb (ppb = parts per billion). Obviously no other facilities were available Removal of silver provided. The disadvantages of deionized water were considered outweighed by the necessity regarded for drinking water.

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MACHSEREIQHT

F. A silver bromide column. It was found that the Deionized water (with a near zero silver content) for further biological contamination prior to the Use was prone. Hence it was considered necessary to add additional silver - within the limit of 50 ppb - to be added to the water as a final process step. It became a diagram of the temperature gradient indicating that the silver bromide crystals release silver in the 50 ppb range when the water was at normal room temperature. However, when the water temperature rose, syllable ions became in increased amount released. In this second report (Chemtric Report) the temperature effect was only on the water temperature based.

In summary, it can be seen that in this report a specific Situation is dealt with, and that units have been inserted into a system to meet a specific condition. At no point in the report, however, has the general problem of natural water been considered.

The third NASA report, entitled "Advanced Prototype Silver Ion Water Bactericide System ", Contract NAS 9-13718, Final Report 3104, December 1974-, Chemtric, Inc. a heavily modified system designed to treat water produced by those selected for the Orbiter program Fuel cells is generated.

The quality of the water dispensed from the selected fuel cells is much better than that of the waste water according to report 3097 · Therefore the system consists of one single outer container with a small inner container. The active function of the unit is twofold:

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A) A "prescreen" or pre-filter is provided to remove anything particulate Material and organisms above 0.35 microns and 98% of particulate materials as low as that Remove 0.15 micron size;

B) A mixed column of activated charcoal (80%) and Silberbromidgranulen (20 ° / o) is provided in order to adsorb small quantities of organic substances and to release between 40 and 85 ppb silver ions in the filtrate.

The report repeats the relationship between water temperature and the release of silver ions. The solution chosen here consists in inserting a heat exchanger between the fuel cell's collecting tank and the cleaning unit. In other words, the water temperature is controlled as a control over the release of silver.
No new data is given in the report.

In none of the patents cited above and in none of the reports cited above is the problem of the chlorides in Water indicated, whereby the ability of the adsorbed and impregnated silver salts on activated carbon to release Silver ions is inhibited.

The previously known methods for treating natural water and the associated devices do not take into account the fact that chlorides in natural water combine with silver ions to form either a silver chloride precipitate which does not appear to be as effective as a bio-killer like silver ions, or the chlorides limit the solubility of silver ions from silver salts and metallic silver, which are impregnated on media made from activated carbon and are adsorbed. Furthermore, it was the teaching of the prior art to change the media made of silver activated carbon in order to

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alter the desired silver release for the purpose of killing biological material while in accordance with the invention the water is altered to allow the silver activated carbon media to achieve this intended goal.

The treatment of water by oxidizing disinfectants such as chlorine is known per se. However, it has been more recent Time has shown that the action of chlorine on organic materials in water halogenated organic components forms that are suspected of having carcinogenic properties. These organic ingredients include irihalomethanes such as Chloroform and bromoform. Efforts to reduce the Formation of halogenated, organic components in water included changing the chlorination point in the water treatment process or replacing chlorine with another disinfectant like ozone. As a stronger oxidizing agent than chlorine, ozone can convert halide ions to the halogen form oxidize, which results in the formation of halogenated organic components. Others in the Practice of the Invention Oxidizing agents used also produce halogenated, organic components such as trihalomethanes. To the formation of To avoid halogenated, organic components by using an oxidizing disinfectant, the halide ions are made up removed from the water in an initial treatment station. Palis the halide can be replaced by another anion, e.g. by means of bicarbonate, the ionic character of the water is retained, a natural buffer is added to the water, and the bicarbonate is not affected by any known oxidizing disinfectants. From this it follows that the ealogenide removal prior to disinfection with silver is necessary to avoid precipitation of silver halides, also before disinfection with strong Oxidizing agents to prevent the formation of halogenated organic components.

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A method and a device for the production of biologically, safe and good-tasting drinking water in which water is preconditioned by removing suspended pesticides and further subjected to the removal of halide ions and then a disinfectant treatment or a combination of disinfectants that exert a suitable biocidal or virus-killing effect are able, is therefore the object of the invention.

This can be followed by levels and use the device for reducing the disinfectant content or a combination of disinfectants below the legal limit value for drinking water. The disinfectant can be provided by a compound capable of releasing silver ions, e.g. the silver can be added by bringing the water into contact with a medium of activated charcoal or activated charcoal is brought, which has absorbed and impregnated silver salts and metallic silver thereon. Oxidizing disinfectants can be delivered as solutions or as soluble pesticides either alone or in sequence with silver ions. Amounts of disinfectant that are no longer permitted can be reduced to a value below the legal limit for drinking water be reduced by the treated water through a medium in lorm of activated charcoal or activated charcoal, which is protected against bacterial growth, or by ion exchange resins, which are protected in a similar manner, or is sent through by a combination of the two.

According to the invention, silver ions are used as cleaning agents in the absence of chloride. The usage of Mercury ions as cleaning agents or oxidizing disinfectants is also facilitated by the prior removal of halide ions.

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The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing; in of the drawing are:

1a to 1f a schematic representation of the invention Procedure;

Pig. Figure 2 is a schematic elevation view of an embodiment of a Water treatment unit for carrying out the invention Method according to Pig. 1a to 1f;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of that shown in FIG Unit 10;

4 shows a plan view from above of a schematic representation a second embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention;

5 is a schematic side elevation of the device according to FIG Fig. 4;

6 is a cross-sectional view of the unit 1 shown in FIGS 4- and 5 is shown.

The invention is described below with reference to the use of silver ions as a disinfectant, but it should be noted that other disinfectants are also used can be.

The method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIGS. 1a to 1f illustrated to produce a biologically safe drinking water from a source of natural water at ambient temperature, i.e. water intended for drinking, such as tap water, the pipe being connected to a domestic well or a commercial well, or a private or municipal household water source as well as surface water contained in lakes or streams. Natural water include untreated wastewater and / or industrial wastewater or processed wastewater and saline water, distilled and deionized water.

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In the pig. 1a, the natural water is sent to a unit A treatment station. In unit A, silver ions, Ag ⁺ , are introduced into the introduced water in large quantities compared to the value of 50 Ug / l approved by the "Environmental Protection Agency Standard for Drinking Water". The Ag ⁺ content which has been found to be effective is in the order of magnitude of 600 to 1000 μg / l, and this value can be fallen short of or exceeded. The high Ag ⁺ water from Unit A is maintained for a period of time on the order of 6 minutes for water containing bacteria from E. coli up to 10,000 colonizing units (Ci ¹ U) per 100 ml. Laboratory studies have shown the need for high levels of silver to rapidly kill E. coli. Such investigations were carried out in connection with the development of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention.

After the water, which has 600 to 1000yug of silver ions per liter was kept in unit B, it is then used in unit 0 to reduce the silver ion content to 50 Mg / 1 or less treated to meet legal standards for silver ions in drinking water. After the 600 to 1000yug / 1 Water containing silver ions has been held in unit B, it is then treated in unit G to reduce the silver ion content to 50 Ug / 1 or less to reduce the legal To meet limit values for silver ions in drinking water. If mercury is used instead of silver, mercury ions become introduced in unit A in the order of 400-600 ug / l, and the water is then treated in unit C, to reduce the mercury ion content to 2 µg / 1 or less to meet legal requirements.

Although the method according to E ¹ Ig. 1a illustrates a method for treating natural water, there is the undesirable possibility of oxidation of halide ions to halogen and the subsequent oxidation of organic materials

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organic materials containing halogens. The following procedure avoids these undesirable opportunities.

Fig. 1b schematically illustrates a modification of the Method according to FIG. 1a. In Pig. 1b is the unit A of FIG. 1a through two treatment stations or units A1 and A2 replaced. The unit A1 removes or considerably reduces the halide ions (X ") in the introduced one Water to prevent the complexation of silver ions that enter the unit A2 for the same purpose as previously given in connection with the description of Fig. 1a, may be introduced. Although this is in the Fig. 1b is not shown, it should be noted that the outflowing water from the unit A2 continues in of unit B and unit O is treated as previously described. The modified method according to FIG. 1b serves to carry out a partial water treatment in which the imported raw water has high silver ion contents be granted.

In Fig. 1c, the inventive method is modified to the introduced water with a high mineral content to be treated in a unit D with a mixed bed, in order to partially deionize the introduced water before the treatment in the units A1 and A2 according to FIG. 1b. A part of the introduced water is bypassed by the unit D of the mixed resin bed, around that in the introduced To preserve the natural minerals present in the water, which are desirable for taste and health reasons. The outflowing water from unit D is completely deionized.

Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 1d, in which the introduced If water has a high mineral content, the method according to the invention is modified to include part of the introduced water in the unit D to be completely deionized

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size, and the remaining added water is used for removal which treats halides, sulphates and nitrates, i.e. treated for the selective removal of anions. The United, Outflowing water from the unit A1 and the unit D are then sent through the unit A2, which is a Contains medium made of activated carbon, which is impregnated with silver salt and metallic silver. The unit A1 of Fig. 1d is with the unit A1 from Pig. 1b identical.

The Pig. 1e schematically shows a modification of the method according to FIG. 1b. In Pig. 1b follows the units A1 and A2, the punctures of which were previously in connection with the description of Pig. 1b, a third treatment station as unit A3. In unit A3, oxidizing disinfectants are introduced following the elimination of the halide ions in unit A1. This lack of halide ions prevents any oxidation to the halogen form and the subsequent oxidation to carcinogenic, halogenated, organic components. This embodiment of the invention involves the use of oxidizing agents to kill bacteria without the problem of halide ion oxidation. The oxidizing agents which can be safely used in this embodiment include ozone (0 ^), permanganate (MnO ^, ""), peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), ferrate (PeO ^ ⁼ ), persulfate (S ₂ Og " ¹ ) and silver (II) (Ag ⁺⁺ ). In carrying out the invention, the use of these aforementioned oxidizing disinfectants is possible without prior release of silver ions, as discussed in connection with the description of unit A2 in FIG. 1b Although not shown in Fig. 1e, it should be noted that under these circumstances unit A2, Fig.ie would be removed or modified to perform essentially the same function as that of unit A3, Fig. 1e.

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The lig, 1f shows a further stage in the process of FIG. 1, whereby. Water is treated with a honing silver ion content to reduce the silver ion content to 50 Mg / 1 or less. The unit G from Pig. 1f is identical to that of unit C in I ¹ Xg. 1a identical.

In Pig. 2, 10 denotes an open-topped container in which the first stage of the process is carried out. A bed of ion exchange resin for removing halides from the water to be treated is arranged in zone 1 of the container. A suitable material for this purpose is a bed of ion exchange resin in which halide ions are removed from the introduced water without significantly changing the pH and anion content of the water. One method of accomplishing this removal of halide ions is to use an anion exchange resin in the bicarbonate form. An anion exchange resin in the bicarbonate form exchanges all anions (Cl ", S (X ~, HCU", Br ",) until the equilibrium between the concentrations of all anions (Cl", S0 ^ ⁼ , N0, ~, HCO, ") , which are bound to functional groups of the resin, and whose concentrations in the introduced water is adjusted.

The effectiveness and capacity of a given resin for X "distance to the desired X" ~ concentration is determined by the exchange equilibrium constants, the kinetics of exchange, the flow rate through the resin bed, the concentration of the supplied ions, temperature, etc. £ Ύ ~ = halide ion J ^. Suitable resins for this purpose are commercially available, for example the anion exchange resin Eohm & Haas IRA 410).

Another feature of the invention is that the anion exchange resin to remove halide ions as well

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enables the partial removal of organic components, which in the presence of halogen would ultimately be oxidized to form trihalomethanes. So it was shown that the formation of halogenated, organic components avoided by simultaneous removal of halides and organic precursors in the treated water can be. Another feature of the anion exchange resin is the removal of smaller amounts of anions and / or Trace amounts of anions in water such as phosphate and carbonate, which disinfectants such as silver could cause a malfunction.

I ¹ Resins suitable for these purposes are commercially available, for example a styrene-divinylbenzene resin in the bicarbonate form (commercial product Amberlite IRA 4-10 from Röhm & Haas).

In zone 2 of stage 1 (FIG. 2) there is a bed which consists of a composition of silver salt / super salts, adsorbed and / or impregnated on activated carbon. Each silver salt, or any combination of silver salts whose solubility is such that the silver ion concentration obtained in water over ^ O micrograms of silver per liter can be used. The S over salt / the silver salts is / are present in amounts approximately equal to 1% by weight of the activated carbon. Other suitable media for releasing silver ions in Zone 2 are aluminum oxide, silica gel and diatomaceous earth.

If oxidizing disinfectants are to be added as a result of the release of silver ions, stage I a third treatment station comprising zone 2A, which the addition of these oxidizing disinfectants would accomplish. If, however, this oxidizer is used instead of silver ions are to be introduced, Zone 2 of Stage I (Fig. 2) would be modified to include a facility to be provided for the addition of chemicals to these disinfectants

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tel as a solution feed. Oxidizing disinfectants can be added before, after or together with silver ions whichever is most beneficial.

The reference numeral 12 "denotes a container that is below of the container 10 is arranged to collect and store water that has passed through the stage 1.

A container 14 is provided, and it may be the same as the container 10 in construction. In the container 14 above the zone 3 there is an open space for receiving water from the container 12. The water from the container 12 passes through the zone 3 to remove disruptive organic constituents and to partially remove those in zone 2 or oxidizing disinfectants introduced into Zone 2A. The remaining, oxidizing disinfectants are removed in zone 4. Zone 3 can be a bed of normal activated carbon (eg Calgon "Filtersorb 200 or Filtersorb 400), but it advantageously consists of a medium made of" self-protected "activated carbon. As already described above, a bed or medium consists of" self-protected " adsorbed activated carbon from a composition of activated carbon, based on the coal silver salt / silver salts or contains impregnated. the subsequent treatment zone, the zone 4, containing a bed of ion exchange resin for the selective removal of the silver ions up to a concentration below ^ O ug / 1, starting of the silver ion concentration provided by zone 2 of the stage, ie above 800 µg / 1. As previously described, zone 4 also acts to remove residual oxidizing disinfectants to maintain the natural character of the water Concentration is provided by zone 2 of stage 1, ie above 800 µg / 1, one method One of the ways to achieve the removal of silver ions is to use an anion exchange resin in the chloride form. It will be

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taken that the silver combines with this resin in such a way that the concentration of silver in the water flowing out is dominated by the solubility product of silver chloride. Other anionic forms, the solubility product of which with silver is sufficiently small to reduce the concentration of silver in the treated water to less than 50 µg / 1, can also be used to remove silver. Although not widely known, the anion exchange resin can also chelate silver, see IM Abrams, Ή, AOE Meeting - Houston, Texas, 10/8/1974: Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wash Waters by Ion Exchange and Adsorbent Resins.

Cation exchange resins can also be used for selective removal used by silver. For both types of resins, their shapes must be such that they can handle the treated water do not change negatively. Although water deionization can be negatively altered by ion exchange, ion exchange is also a possible method of removing silver.

A suitable ion exchange resin for removing silver ions from water is a commercially available resin made from styrene-DVB in the chloride form (product Amberlite IRA 410 from Röhm & Haas). A self-protected medium following the resin for silver removal requires a silver salt or silver salts, which residual silver ions in the water passing through here in an amount less than 50 µg / 1.

Stage II can also be constructed in reverse to the arrangement described above. This means that zone 3 the ion exchange resin for the silver ion removal and zone 4 the self-protected activated carbon.

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During operation, a lot of Ron water, e.g. a glass, in the open top of the container 10, which has sufficient space above the zone 1 to accommodate this Has quantity, poured. When the water passes through zone 1 as a result of gravity, an ion exchange takes place, the halide ions removed and bicarbonate ions releases into the water, so that the natural character of the water is retained. Treated in this way Water then passes through the activated carbon impregnated with oligodynamic silver in zone 2. Adsorbed here the activated carbon organic materials that may be present in the water, and the silver gives silver ions to the Water, which act as a bactericide and virucide. The generated concentration of silver ions in the water in the Zone 2 is 600 to 1000 micrograms per liter of cug / 1), this is much more than the legal standard for drinking water (EPA standard), which is 50 jpg / l amounts to. At this concentration, the silver ions act very quickly to inactivate bacteria and they shine also inactivate some viruses in the water, however the inactivation rate for viruses is lower than the inactivation rate for bacteria.

If an oxidizing disinfectant such as permanganate (MnO ^ ") is to be introduced instead of silver ions, chemicals are added as a solution feed in zone 2. Palis a subsequent addition is used, the water with a silver ion concentration of up to 1000 γζ / Ί. Enters first Zone 2A, where an oxidizing disinfectant is introduced into solution.

After passing through zone 2, the water is collected in container 12 where it is kept for a period of time, e.g. or more, with the oxidizing disinfectants, those introduced in Zone 2 or Zone 2A

were, partially

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removed, and then it is poured into the container 14-. When flowing down due to gravity through the bed of zone 3, an ion exchange takes place, which removes silver ions from the water, so that the concentration thereof is brought below the permissible value of 50 * ig / l.

The water then passes through a final bed of self-protected Activated carbon in zone 4- for the further adsorption of residual, oxidizing disinfectants and organic Material that has not been adsorbed in Zone 2 through.

Alternatively, the zone 3 bed can use the self-protected activated carbon to adsorb organic matter for a while. The water can then pass through an ion exchange resin pass through in zone 4- to remove silver ions down to a value below 50 iUg / 1.

Any embodiment according to the invention enables removal from solution-fed, oxidizing disinfectants, which reduces the natural character of the treated water is maintained.

In FIG. 3 there is shown an actual container 20 which corresponds to the container 10 of FIG. As shown in the figure, there is he from an upper section 22 with an open top. At the bottom of compartment 22 there is a grid 24 above one Sieve 26, which forms the top of zone 1. Under this screen and above the grid 28 is a bed of ion exchange resin to remove halide ions as previously described in connection with FIG. Between the grid 28 and the lower grate 30 is zone 2 which contains the bed of carbon impregnated with silver. A sieve 32 lies under the grille 30 and above an outlet opening 34-, which with a normally closed, manually operable valve 36 is equipped.

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Though this in the Pig. 3 is not shown, it should be noted that with a successive addition of oxidizing disinfectants a third grid below of the grid 30 would be used, creating a third treatment station for the introduction of these oxidizing disinfectants would be formed. In this case the screen 32 would be below of the third grid in the space between this grid and the outlet opening 34- are arranged.

An actual container similar to container 14 of FIG corresponds, is constructed identically to the container 20 of FIG. 3, but of course each has a bed in zones 3 and 4 according to the in connection with Fig.2 given description.

The device shown schematically in FIGS is intended for a continuous flow of water to be treated. The container 40 corresponds to zone 1 in Container 10 (Fig. 2), in which water is supplied under pressure on the upper part. After flowing through the ion exchange bed in the container 4-0, the water exits the lower part and into the lower end of the container 42, that of zone 2 is equivalent to. From here the water passes through a series of containers 44A-44F which correspond to the collecting container 12 of FIG however, are of a relatively larger capacity to allow a sufficient period of time for the silver ions and / or to deliver the oxidizing disinfectant on the flowing Water inside the container.

From the container 44F, the water passes into the top of a container 46 which corresponds to zone 3 in FIG. After this The water flows through the ion exchange bed in container 46, where excess silver ions are removed into the bottom of a container 48 corresponding to zone 4 of FIG. 2, this being the bed of self-protected

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Contains activated carbon. The water emerges from this last container, either for direct consumption or for a storage.

As previously described, the containers 46 and 48 be adjusted, whereby the water passes through an ion exchange resin to remove the silver ions and then passes through the bed of self-protected activated carbon, as described in more detail in connection with FIG became.

6, there is shown in cross section an actual container 50 which corresponds to any of the containers 40, 42, 46 and 48 of FIG. It consists of a cylinder 52, with threads at both ends, on which threaded caps JA and 56 can be removably attached. At the upper inlet end a cup-shaped felt packing 58 and a similarly shaped screen 60 are pressed against the interior of the cylinder 52 by a tube 62 which is provided with notches 64 for the passage of water from an inlet fitting 66 in the cap y 1 - . The construction on the bottom part is similar except that the felt pack 68 is not provided with a central opening and also serves as a filter. As shown in FIG. 1, the bottom of the container 50 is connected to the bottom of a similar container 70, which corresponds to the container 42 in FIG. As previously described, the construction of the containers corresponding to 46 and 48 in FIGS. 4 and 5 is the same as that of the container 50 in FIG. 6. The actual containers corresponding to 44A to 44F in FIG. 5 are just hollow tanks. To achieve a hold time of at least 6 minutes, the combined volume of vessels 44A through 44F should themselves be 11.41 (3 gallons) if the flow rate is 1.89 l / min (1/2 gallon per minute).

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Laboratory tests have shown inactivation of viruses by silver at concentrations according to the invention for lyp 1 polio-tiros and echo virus type 7. The same laboratory tests showed the effectiveness of silver as a bactericide for E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As Streptococcus beta haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus appear to be killed by silver at the concentrations used in the present invention sound of air entrained bacteria that have contaminated water. However, a holding time of 12 to 24 hours is required for the abovementioned bacteria introduced from Jm £ b , in contrast to the holding time of 6 minutes for the first-mentioned bacteria. The necessary as bactericides in the use of silver ions and / or oxidising disinfectants hold times differ from that required to inactivate viruses hold time "Thus, the hold time can be used for virus inactivation by appropriate 5? Ests _t known in the art, per se, in a simple manner to be determined.

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Claims (28)

PATENTANWÄLTE 2828107 MANITZ, FiNSTERWALD & GRÄMKOW GOITSOLIDAOiEDEOODS CORPORATION Munich, June 15, 1978 Forest Avenue, Old Greenwich, Lo / Sv-C 3734-Connecticut, USA Method and device for the treatment of drinking water Patent claims 1. Process for the production of "biologically safe drinking water" made of natural water, characterized that removes halide ions from natural water and an anion is exchanged for these halide ions, which increases the total ionic equilibrium of the natural water practically maintains, and that afterwards a disinfectant or combination of disinfectants that kill bacteria in which water are able to be introduced. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that as disinfectants or a combination of disinfectants silver ions, ozone, permanganate, peroxide, Mercury, lerrate, persulfate and / or silver (II) ions can be used. 809882/0745 ORiGiNAL INSFECTED OR. C. MANiTI ■ DiPL.-ING. M. FINSTERWALD DIPl.-I.O. W. G R A M K O W ZENTRALKASSE BAYER. FOLK BANKS a MOMCHEN 22, ROBERT-KOCH-STRASSE I 7 STUTTGART 5O IBAD CANNSTATT) MUNICH. ACCOUNT NUMBER 7270 TEL. iOB9i 22 42 II. TELEX 05-29672 PATMF SEELBERGSTß. 23/25. TEL. (O7III56 72 6l POSTSCHECK: MÖNCHEN 77062-805 3. A method for producing biologically safe drinking water from natural water, characterized in that the steps of removing the halide ions from the natural water and replacing an anion for these halide ions, which practically maintains the total ionic equilibrium of the water, the introduction of silver ions is essential above 50 ng / l in the resulting water, holding the water containing the silver ions for a period of time sufficient for the silver ions to act as a bactericide, and then reducing the silver ions in the water to no more than 30 μg / l . 4 »Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that there are levels of mercury ion introduction substantially above 2 ug / 1, keeping the These water containing mercury ions for a sufficient period of time to allow the mercury ions to act as a bactericide act, and then involves reducing the mercury ions in the water to no more than 2 / Ug / 1. 5 «Process for the production of biologically safe drinking water from natural water, characterized in that it includes the steps of removing the halide ions from the natural water and the exchange of an anion for these halide ions, which practically maintains the total ionic balance of the water, the introduction of silver ions in the substantially above 50 y ^ g / l, introducing an oxidizing disinfectant or combination of such disinfecting agents, holding the treated water for a sufficient period of time to be bactericidal, and then reducing the silver ions in the water to no more than 50 ug / l and removing the oxidizing disinfectant (s). 809882/0746 6. The method according to claim. 3 »characterized by that the halide ions by passing the water through a bed of halide ion removing, anionic Resin to be removed. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that that the anion resin is regenerated in the bicarbonate form and the "treated water releases bicarbonate ions to the Maintain the natural character of the treated water. 8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that that silver ions are introduced into the water obtained by passing the water through a medium, which contains a silver salt, the solubility product of which gives a silver ion concentration in excess of 50 μg / l. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that that activated charcoal, aluminum oxide, silica gel or diatomaceous earth is used as a medium. Ί0. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that part of the natural water is deionized while the other part of it is not in this way is treated, and that both the deionized portion and the untreated portion prior to halide ion removal be combined. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that part of the natural water is deionized, while the other part of the water contains the halide ions has removed therefrom, and that both portions are brought together before the introduction of the disinfectant therein will. 809882/0745 12. The method according to claim 3 »marked thereby e t that the level of reduction of silver ions is achieved in that the water with an anion exchange resin is brought into contact, which is regenerated with an anion that a silver salt lower Forms solubility and that with the anion exchange resin connected is. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that that the anion resin is in the chloride form. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that that the resin for removing halide ions and the resin for removing silver ions by a silver wash while being regenerated to the bicarbonate form and the chloride form, respectively. 15 · Device for treating natural water for removal of selected impurities therefrom, characterized in that it comprises: container devices, an inlet for introducing natural water into the container, means for exchanging halide ions in the natural water against an anion, which does not have the bactericidal effect of water disinfectants inhibits and the total ionic balance of the treated water essentially maintains facilities in the Container for adding a disinfectant or a combination of disinfectants, facilities in the Container for removing organic components from the treated water and an outlet for dispensing the treated water from the container. 16. Apparatus for treating natural water for removal of selected impurities therefrom, characterized in that it comprises: a container 809882/0745 ter, an inlet for introducing natural water into the container, means for exchanging halide ions in the natural water against an anion which does not inhibit the bactericidal effect of metal ions and substantially maintaining the total ionic balance of the "treated water" means in the container for the addition of metal ions to the treated water essentially in excess of permissible limit values, Means in the container for removing organic Components from the treated water, means in the container for removing metal ions this treated water to reduce the metal ion value below the legal limit values as well as a Outlet for discharging the treated water from the container, the metal ions being the means for removal protect from organic components and residual metal ions to kill bacteria in the treated Water between the organic matter removal device and the degradation device of the metal ion content. 17 · Device for treating natural water for removal of selected impurities therefrom, characterized in that it comprises: a container, an inlet for introducing natural water into this container, means for exchanging halide ions in the natural water against an anion which does not inhibit the bactericidal effect of metal ions and the overall ion balance of the treated water substantially maintains facilities in the tank for Addition of metal ions to the treated water essentially in excess of permissible limit values, facilities in the tank for the addition of chemicals by solution feed of oxidizing disinfectants or a combination of oxidizing disinfectants, facilities 809832/0745 in the container for removing organic constituents from the treated water, devices in the container for removing metal ions from the treated water to reduce the metal ion value below legal limit values, devices in the container for removal
of oxidizing disinfectant or oxidizing disinfectants and an outlet for discharging the treated water from the container, wherein the metal ions protect the means for removing organic components and residual metal ions for killing bacteria in the treated water between the means for removing organic components and supply the device for reducing the metal ions. 18. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that the device for adding metal ions and the device for removing organic constituents consists of a composition or mass which
Silver salts on a medium in the form of activated charcoal or activated charcoal, aluminum oxide, silica gel or
Has adsorbed diatomaceous earth or is impregnated therewith. 19. Apparatus for treating natural water to remove selected contaminants therefrom, characterized in that it comprises: a container, an inlet for introducing natural water into the container, means in the container for removing anions from the treated water, means in the container for adding silver ions to the treated water essentially above 50 μg / 1, means in the container for removing organic constituents
the treated water, facilities for removing
Silver ions from the treated water to reduce the silver ion content below 50 µg / 1 and an outlet 809882 / 074S for dispensing the treated water from the container, the silver ions providing the means for removing organic Protect components and provide residual silver ions to kill bacteria in the water. 20.Vorrichtung according to claim 19 »characterized in that that the device for removing anions anions with a higher exchange potential than bicarbonate anions at their relative concentrations in the treated water. 21. Apparatus for treating natural water for removal of selected impurities therefrom, characterized in that it comprises: a container, an inlet for introducing the natural water into the container, means in the container for removing anions from the treated water, the means for removing anions anions with a higher exchange potential as bicarbonate anions remove another treatment zone in the container, this being further Treatment zone facilities for adding silver ions to it the treated water essentially above 50 Ws / 1 includes and at the same time organic components from the treated Removed water, devices for the partial removal of silver ions to reduce the silver ion content in the treated water to less than 50 mg / 1 and an outlet for discharging the treated water from the container. 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that that they also have a mechanical filter device for removing suspended solids from the natural water prior to introducing that natural water into the tank. 809882/0745 -"· 8th - 23. Device according to. Claim 21, characterized in that that they also have a third treatment station for adding chemicals to oxidizing disinfectants or a combination of oxidizing disinfectants for solution feed includes. 24-, device according to claim 21, characterized in, that they also have a second removal device in the container for removing residual, oxidizing Disinfectants or oxidizing disinfectants from the treated water comprises after the Silver ions have been removed therefrom. 25. Apparatus for the treatment of natural water to remove selected impurities therefrom, characterized in that it comprises: means for removing anions from the treated water which complex silver ions, means for adding silver ions to the water so treated after the removal thereof Anions, the silver ions being added to the water so treated essentially above 50 Iig / 1, means for removing organic material from this treated water and means for removing silver ions from this treated water after a sufficient period of time for the silver ions to be Bactericidal and / or virus-killing substances can act. 26. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that that the means for removing anions and the means for removing silver ions by a silver salt wash while being regenerated into the bicarbonate or chloride form. 27. A method for the production of biologically safe drinking water from natural water, characterized in that that there are steps in the removal of halide ions from the 809882 / 07AB sem natural water and the exchange of halide ions against an anion which essentially maintains the total ionic equilibrium of natural water, to avoid the formation of halogenated, organic components when introducing a strong oxidizing disinfectant to kill bacteria in said water. 28. The method according to claim 27 _s, characterized in that halogenated, organic components, which were formed by pretreatment of the water by a strongly oxidizing disinfectant, are removed beforehand. 809882/0745