DE2751821A1 - Motor vehicle safety system with brake force responsive switch - actuates two phase process applying safety belts and locking vehicle doors - Google Patents

Abstract

When an unusual force is applied to the brake pedal, such as of an accident, a brake force sensitive switch is triggered. The system operates several safety steps, dependent on the braking intensity, actuated directly before and during an accident two segmental safety stages. In the first stage signal lamps are switched on, safety belts are automatically applied and the horn is automatically operated. In the second stage the neck supports are extended into correct protective position, bumper bars are extended from their original position, sun visors are applied, and the vehicle main current circuit (8) is interrupted. The switch may be of multi-function type, mounted on chassis above the brake pedal, and triggered by an actuator moving with the brake pedal.

Description

Vehicle security system

The invention relates to a safety system for motor vehicles that when braking the motor vehicle by a mounted on the brake pedal, with stronger as normal braking to be switched contact device is triggered.

In the event of a dangerous situation, the driver of a vehicle has to meet no possibility of all necessary security measures, since the time span between the perception of the Geiahr and the accident is mostly too short.

It must be assumed that these security measures both his own protection and the protection of others, e.g. vehicles following him and their occupants. Usually the driver operates in one In a dangerous situation, press the brake and / or hold on to the steering wheel. The known Safety measures, e.g. putting on a seat belt, are only for his own use Your own protection and must be taken before you start your journey. Forgets the driver has to put on the seat belt before starting the journey, he has during the dangerous situation no possibility of catching up on this. Also the introduction of automatic Restraint systems, e.g. air cushions, which in the event of an impact of a certain hardness in front of the Inflating occupants and absorbing the impact energy requires at least one at the same time the installation of a waist belt. If you forget the If you put on the waist belt, the effect of the airbag is correspondingly less.

The object of the present invention is now to provide one automatic vehicle security system that works with the help of the human reflex can be operated in a hazardous situation. The security system according to the invention is based on the fact that in such a situation the driver applies the brake will.

This object was achieved according to the invention in that the security system two safety measures to be triggered depending on the braking intensity contains, in the event of a risk of accident and immediately before the accident occurs in at least two phases A and B in quick succession are actuated. The other embodiments are explained in the subclaims 1 to 12.

However, the system according to the invention preferably contains eight security elements, which are triggered when the brake is applied. At a certain level of activity of the brake, i.e. at a certain speed reduction, are activated in a first phase A (1) to warn the following vehicles signal lamps switched on (German patent application P 26 40 173.0 and DT-OS 2 046 065), (2) the automatic Seat belts worn if you forget to do so before setting off (German patent application P 27 04 145.8), (3) the doors locked so during of the collision, the occupants cannot be thrown out, (4) automatically the horn is activated and the high beam is switched on and in a second phase B (5) the neck rests placed in the correct position to protect the head, (6) the bumpers are extended from the initially normal position and it will this enables the impact energy to be elastically absorbed (7) by the sun visors shut down so that the front surfaces of the driver and front passenger at one do not collide directly with the windshield in the event of a collision, (8) the main circuit is interrupted to prevent a possible fire hazard from leaking Fuel and exposed cables can be turned away.

The security system according to the invention can also optionally have more or contain less than the security elements specified above. One on the dashboard attached signal lamp can indicate the functionality of the system. That The system according to the invention does not necessarily have to be actuated either. For shorter journeys it can be parked before the start of the journey. The individual security elements can also be operated manually using the corresponding control buttons on the dashboard whenever it seems appropriate.

Although the main circuit - as explained in more detail below -approx. If the brake is interrupted 2 seconds after applying the brake, it can go through Manual control can be closed again.

The eight security elements mentioned above are preferably used in two Phases operated. Phase A includes the security elements necessary to prevent an accident and to warn other road users while the Phase B safeguards are in place if a Accident is inevitable. The grouping indicated above can optionally be arbitrary be modified.

All eight security elements of the system according to the invention are consequently not operated at the same time, but as a function of the speed factor. This means that at a certain and predetermined degree of activity of the brake only the safety elements mentioned in phase A are triggered, while the security measures mentioned in phase B only apply to an even more extensive one Braking, or when the vehicle's speedometer is in the zero position shows, but the vehicle is still rolling. The security elements of phase B are therefore not actuated if after the first abrupt braking process the risk of an accident is over and the vehicle can continue its journey.

The invention is explained in more detail by the accompanying drawings. In these drawings, FIG. 1 shows in a schematic simplification. the way it works the security system according to the invention, Figure 2 a-c the invention Multiple switches in connection with the brake pedal, in longitudinal section and from above, FIG. 3 shows the multiple switch and the circuit arrangements associated with phases A and B, FIG. 4 shows the circuit coupled to the speedometer of the vehicle, FIG 5 a and b the speed curves and the braking areas in which the inventive System cannot be operated, Figure 6 a and b the automatic creation Device required for seat belts, FIG. 7 the device required to lock the doors Device, Figure 8, the operation of the horn and the switching on of the high beam, FIG. 9 the neck supports according to the invention, FIGS. 10 a-c those according to the invention Bumpers, Figure 11 a-c the sun visors according to the invention, Figure 12 the interruption of the main circuit.

For the automatic attachment of seat belts, the German patent application P 27 04 145.H is referred to as the one shown in Figure 6b Device can only be operated with the arrangement described in this application can.

In Figure 1, the time phases are shown schematically, from of perception the dangerous situation up to the gradual release of the security system. The first phase represents the normal state. The effect of the object and the subsequent reaction of the driver are through straight arrows indicated. The following second phase will be an extraordinary one Perceived situation that could lead to an accident. The third phase will the driver, who has already noticed the danger situation, immediately applies the brakes step. In this phase, the driver's reflex movement, namely the actuation the brake, transferred to the system according to the invention. In the fourth phase, cares the central control device of the system according to the invention for operation of the eight security elements specified above. In the following fifth phase are finally in two stages, depending on the actuation of the brake or when the specified speed limits are reached, which are the ones on the Speedometer of the vehicle displayed or selected speeds correspond, the mentioned security elements triggered or switched on.

The time from the perception of the dangerous situation to the triggering the security measures required is no more than a second.

Only the interruption of the main circuit to prevent it of a fire breaking out due to leaking fuel and exposed cables after an accident, namely the switching on of the safety element 8, it takes some time longer than a second.

In Figures 2a to c, the multiple switch according to the invention, which is attached above the brake pedal, shown schematically. This multiple switch can of course also be replaced by other similar facilities, e.g. by the contact device described in the German patent application P 26 40 173.0 with appropriate modification From Figure 2a it can be seen that the multiple switch 2 is firmly mounted on the body 3 above the brake pedal 1. When the brake Pressing only the distance "n" will turn the rear-facing red brake lights switched on. When the brake is depressed more than the distance "n", and although up to point "K", the security system according to the invention is in operation set.

In Figure 2b, the multiple switch 2 according to the invention is shown in a longitudinal section reproduced (a-a-section in Figure 2c). When the brake is actuated by the distance "n" becomes the actuator 4, e.g., a plastic rod, by means of a spring 5 depressed. In this way, the contact tongue 6 touches the contact plate 7 and is connected with the screw 8 to the line leading to the rear red Brake lights leads. This closes the circuit between 8 and 17.

When the brake is abruptly depressed by more than distance "n" will, e.g. when perceiving a dangerous situation when the point K is reached, the contact tongue 9, the contact plate 10. Since the contact tongues 9 and 19 are in contact at all times' thus the circuit between the screws 11 and 18 closed. The current is via the cable outputs 11 and 18 to the central distribution board, which the corresponding security elements actuated.

To adjust the contact point between the contact tongue 9 and Contact plate 10 serves the adjustment screw 12 in connection with the transmission element 13. As a result, the contact plate 10 can be brought into the desired position.

The multiple switch is on the body 3 above the brake pedal 2 mounted by means of bearing elements 15 and 16.

In Figure 2c, the device according to the invention from the top view shown, but the bearing elements 15 and 16 are not shown. The cable outlets 18 lead to the central distribution board for the individual security elements.

From Figure 3, the functioning of the security system goes through actuation of the brake lever 2. As explained above, light up when pressed the brake by the distance "n", first the red brake lights 12th on. The circuit A leads via a voltage regulator 10 to the distribution board 11, which distributes the security elements.

The safety precautions of the phase feed through the circuit A. A met. These are the automatic signals of heavy braking Fastening the seat belts, locking the doors and switching on the Fornlichts as well as the operation of the horn.

The circuit B leads over the speedometer 7 and the regulator 10 also to the distribution board 11, where the safety precautions of the phase B to be taken. These consist of the height adjustment of the neck supports, extending bumpers, sliding down sun visors and the Main circuit interruption. The circuit B is only then and dependent closed by the speed factor when the brake pedal is longer and harder is depressed. The current is passed through line B to the speedometer 7 headed. The modification of the speedometer for this purpose is in Figure 4 explained in more detail. Next to the speedometer 7 is a magnetic one Switch (S1) 4, which is operated by a magnet attached to the speedometer needle is mounted. If the pointer of the speedometer 8 moves as a result of braking, E.g. moved from 80 km / h to the 30 km / h limit, it closes the by magnetism Switch 4. The current from here becomes a thermal or electronic one Time switch 5 passed. This timer closes the circuit in maximum 1/4 second. Then he opens the circuit again. When the pointer 8 of the speedometer shows 10 km / h while the timer 5 is closed is, the circuit is - just as with switch 4 - through switch 6 magnetically closed. Phase B is thus completed. The current flowing from from here to the regulator 10, after making the necessary voltage changes routed to the distribution board 11 and the security elements 5 to 8 are triggered. A light or sound signal 9, which can be connected to the distribution board 11 indicate that the security elements have been triggered.

The diagram of the speedometer is reproduced in FIG. 5a.

In this diagram, line I corresponds to the speed of the Vehicle.

At point 1, the risk of an accident is perceived. At point 2 resp. 3 no more gas is given and at point HB the brake is abruptly applied. At this moment the speedometer pointer will quickly move to the zero position go back. This process is faster with an abrupt braking process than with slow braking. The pointer that is at point M, the a speed of approx.

30 km / h, the circuit closes with switch 4. When the pointer falls with k = 0.25 sec. To 10 km / h or is at that point max of the diagram, the safety system is activated because the timer 5 conducts the current to switch 6, thereby closing the circuit. That Rectangle M 'M N'N indicates the area in which the Triangle MNK, that varies depending on the speed and the field of activity of the security system represents for phase B, can be located. k is a maximum of 0.25 seconds. L is the time it takes to trigger the safety system. she is the shorter the more abrupt the braking process.

In this diagram, dashed lines II, III, IV and V represent speed curves represent, in which the system according to the invention cannot be triggered.

Line II shows that the brake is on before the 30 km / h limit is reached has been released again .. The line III shows that no hard or abrupt Braking process has taken place. In this case the time N "K 'is greater than k resp. NK. This means that the time switch 5 is interrupted again, although the switch 4 is still closed. The circuit is therefore interrupted at point K '. It follows that with a normal, i.e. soft braking process, the inventive System cannot work. Line IV shows that the vehicle is through a violent braking has a speed of less than 30 km / h, but the braking process has been interrupted. Because in this case the pointer does not exceed the 10 krn / h limit can reach, the security system cannot be triggered because the switch 6 was not closed. Line V shows that if at a speed the brake pedal is depressed at a speed of less than 30 km / h is, the inventive System cannot work because switch 4 is not closed.

In FIG. 5a, the time for the automatic switching on and off is of the timer 5 0.25 seconds. The distance L depends on the hardness of the Braking process, i.e. it is shorter the harder the braking process is.

In FIG. 5b, the speed curve is shown when the brake is actuated and the operating range of the security system according to the invention is shown.

Line I represents the speed of the vehicle at 80 km / h. When braking hard, i.e. at point HB, the pointer of the speedometer falls return to the zero position via points M and K. The actual speed of the vehicle, however, corresponds to the curve shown by line III. this means that although the speedometer pointer is abrupt braking falls quickly to 30 km / h, then to 10 km / h and the zero position of the instrument, the speed of the vehicle is actually higher. The vehicle rolls even if the pointer of the measuring device has already reached the zero position.

The triangle MNK in Figure 5b indicates the area in which the inventive Security system is triggered. However, as the actual speed is greater is, the security system is already activated at point K ', namely at a Speed of 60 km / h, while in the measuring instrument a speed of 10 km / h is displayed.

The following are those for actuating individual safety elements provided facilities or modifications of those already in the vehicle Devices are explained schematically on the basis of the enclosed FIGS. 6 to 12.

To warn the following vehicles by switching on signal lights (Direction indicator) when braking hard, a cable is removed from the screw 8 and 17 in Figure 2c with the corresponding lines for the rear yellow signal lamps tied together. For this purpose, reference is made in particular to German patent application P 26 40 173.0 pointed out.

For the automatic application of the seat belts, i.e. for actuation of the security element 2, reference is made in particular to the German patent application P 27 04 145.8 pointed out. From Figure 6a and b it can be seen that the seat belt can also be created automatically in a dangerous situation if this has been forgotten before starting the journey. The lower strap end point is used for this 1 (Figure 6a) attached to the body floor and the upper belt end point 6 in a Rail 7 or 8 attached movably and lockable.

The rail runs from the front side post to the roof end point of the door post. The starting position of the rail 9 has a locking device 11 and a release device 10. A spool tensioning device is in the end position of the rail 14 attached and the upper Gurtendpunkt 6 is by means of a rope train 12 with the Coil tensioning device 14 connected. The upper strap part is by means of an insert part 5 with snap lock 4 connected to the upper strap end point 6, the shape of the upper Gurtendpunktes 6 adapted to the shape of the rail guide is.

From Figure 6 it can be seen that in a dangerous situation, the electromagnet 19 pulls the locking spring 6, the spool tensioning device 14 at the end of the Rail pulls the cable pull 12 through the rail and thus tensions the seat belt in the right position. The release of the seat belt can if necessary can also be done by pressing a release button 10 at the upper end point of the belt.

FIG. 7 shows the device required to lock the doors shown schematically. A coming from the multiple switch according to the invention Cable 2 leads to the electromagnet 3. This pulls on the safety spring and releases the lever 5 free, which is moved by a tension spring 4 in the direction of the arrow and thus acts on the door locking mechanism.

To unlock the lock, the door lock button 1 is used as usual pulled up. This device is provided for all doors of the vehicle.

This device can can also be operated arbitrarily. The cable outlets 8 lead to the control button on the dashboard.

FIG. 8 shows the operation of the horn and activation of the high beam. The line 1 from the multiple switch according to the invention will connected to the horn and the high beam. In the event of an abrupt braking process, the horn 4 is actuated and the high beam 5 is switched on. The horn is with the line 6 connected in parallel, the line 7 leads to the usual button for the high beam.

In Figure 9, the functioning of the actuation of the neck rests shown. The neck rests severely narrow the view of the passengers. By this device is made possible that it can only be used in a dangerous situation or if the accident is unavoidable, in a proper position to protect the neck to be brought. In the normal position they are in the corresponding Backrests. By the electric current via line 2 from the distribution board 11, the safety spring 4 is attracted by the electromagnet 3. The rod 6 has a stop 5. When the stop 5 is released, the spring pushes 7 the bars 8 high and the neck support is raised by the distance 9 drove.

This mechanism is with the help of the bracket 10 on the elements II connected to the tubes 12 of the backrest and covered by a plastic protector 13 covered. To put the extended neck rests back in the backrest, these are pressed down by hand.

In figure tO a to c the bumpers are shown schematically, the system according to the invention extended by approx. 15 cm in the event of an acute risk of accident will, in order to make the impact energy more elastic in frontal collisions or rear-end collisions to be able to catch.

In Figure 10a and b it is shown that the electric current 1 from the system according to the invention leads to four electromagnets, with for each bumper two electromagnets are provided. The springs 3 are located between the bumper and body and slide through one another after releasing the locking element movable pipes 5 and 8 the bumpers in position 7. These pipes 5 and 8 suck via valves 9 when extending the bumpers to air, which in the event of a collision can only escape between the two pipes in a controlled manner. Thus, the impact energy partially destroyed.

In Figure 10c, the device is shown through which the extended Bumpers can be returned to their original position. Therefor ring 1 or 2 for the front or rear bumper using the handle 3 of the handbrake 4 pulled up. As a result, the cable 11 pulls the coil 12 over the Tube 5 back. This is in the starting position by the locking element held.

In Figure 11a to c, the sun visors are shown schematically, which are brought to the driver's or front passenger's forehead in the event of an accident to protect the end faces from impact with the windshield. figure 11a shows the sun visors 1, which are mounted over the windshield by means of fastening rods 6 are mounted on the door frame above the door 7.

They can be moved upwards or downwards in the rails 5. That means that the sun visors according to the invention are not folded down, but rather can be moved down or up in the rail.

The sun visors can be operated manually by means of the clamping device 2 will. By pulling the actuating cams together by hand, the spring elements pull 4 the sun visors down.

The left sun visor is shown schematically in FIG. Under the car ceiling 13 are two fastening rods 6 above the door frame 7 mounted by adjusting screws 12. The panels are movable in the rails 9, which are connected to the rod 6 by sleeves 8. Figure 11c shows the detailed representation the rail and the clamping device 21. A cable 15 from the inventive The system is used for the automatic actuation of the clamping device 21. The electromagnet 16 unlocks the lever 17. The spring elements 18 pull the cams 19 of the clamping device 21 together.

This moves the rods 20 in the direction of the arrow. With Rubber-coated end points 11 of the rods 20 are thus made of the rails 5 or

9 pulled out and allow the sun visors to move freely. the Spring elements 4 shown in FIG. 11a pull the sun visors down.

To reverse the unlocking, the button 14 must be in the Direction of arrow to be turned around. The cams 19 are pulled together by hand and at the same time pushed up the sun visors in the rails.

To interrupt the main circuit to prevent fire after accidents, a device shown in FIG. 12 is used. This device is mounted on one pole of the battery. It is made so that a short circuit can be excluded.

Lead the cables 3 out of the safety device according to the invention to an electronic, time-delaying device 4, the time delay is set to 1 to 2 seconds. The current will be with the desired delay passed to the electromagnet 5, which releases the lever 6. The lever 6 is through a spring moved up. Thus, the electrical contacts 7 and 8 are canceled and the main circuit interrupted.

To close the main circuit again and move the lever 6 to the To bring the original position, the cable 13 is pulled by a button.

Lee on the side

Claims (13)

Claims 1. Safety system for motor vehicles that when Braking of the motor vehicle by a mounted on the brake pedal, with stronger than contact device to be switched during normal braking is triggered, characterized in that that there are at least two safety measures to be triggered depending on the braking intensity contains that in the event of a risk of accident and immediately prior to the occurrence of the accident operated in at least two phases A and B in quick succession. 2. Safety system according to claim 1, characterized in that it as phase A safety measures, the switching on of signal lamps, the automatic Fastening seat belts, locking doors, automatic actuation the horn, the switching on of the high beam and as safety measures the phase B, the extension of the neck supports into a correct position to protect the neck, the extension of bumpers from their original, normal position, Shutting down sun visors and breaking the main circuit includes. 3. Safety system according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that a multiple switch is used as a contact device, which is above the Brake pedals is fixedly attached to the chassis and has at least two switches that go through an actuator (4) which moves with the respective brake pedal travel, switched and that the first switch (7, 16) for switching on the rear brake lights and the second switch (9, 10) to be switched when the braking is even stronger for triggering the security elements are provided. 4. Safety system according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that that an adjusting element (12, 13) on the second switch (9, 10) of the multiple switch is provided. 5. Safety system according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a line from the second switch (9, 10) of the multiple switch for the safety measures phase A is provided. 6. Security system according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that that a second line from the second switch (9, 10) to the speedometer is guided, and next to the speedometer, at the height previously set Speeds two switches (4, 6) are attached, which are activated by the speedometer needle can be operated, and between which there is a timer (5) and one line from one switch (6) for the phase safety measures B is provided. 7. Safety system according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that that to lock the doors an electromagnet (3) and a tension spring (4) upwards movable and at its other end with the rod of the door lock button (1) connected lever (5) are provided. 8. Safety system according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that that the neck rest (1) is mounted in the backrest (14), and that it is through an electromagnetic release (3, 4, 5) via a compression spring (7) in the safety position is removable. '3. Security system according to Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the bumpers (6) via two telescopic tubes (5, 8) with the body are connected, the pipes via a valve (9) when extending the bumpers (6) suck in air that can escape in a controlled manner in the event of a collision, and that to release the bumpers electromagnets (2) and springs (3) are provided. 10. Safety system according to claim 9, characterized in that a cable (11) connected to the outer tube (5) is provided, which brings the bumpers to their original position by pulling by hand. 11. Security system according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that that the sun visors (1) in the rails (5, 9) extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle are attached under the roof, are movable, and a clamping device (2, 21) is provided, the via an electromagnet (16) Move the sun visors to avoid injuries from colliding with the windshield releases. 12. Safety system according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that that to interrupt the main circuit a device at one pole of the battery attached by electromagnetic unlocking (5) of a lever (6) interrupts a contact (7, 8). 13. Safety system according to claim 12, characterized in that a time-delaying device (4) in front of the electromagnetic release (5) is provided, which causes a time delay of 1 to 3 seconds.