DE2703080A1 - Bottle crate loading mechanism on pallets - has two grabs handling alternate layers and moving independently - Google Patents

Abstract

The mechanism loads and unloads layers of bottle crates on pallets, the pallet being kept at constant level while the loading or unloading platform is kept level with the empty surface, there being two grabs working alternately on the pallet. The two grabs (5, 6) while not interfering with each other, move independently both in the vertical and the horizontal directions, the first one (5) handling the odd layers of crates (I, III, V) and the second the even ones (II, IV). On changing pallets the first grab starts work if there has been an even number of layers on the preceding pallet (1), but if there was an odd number the second grab starts work.

Description

Verrahren for loading and unpalletizing

Bottle boxes or the like. Block-shaped piece goods The invention relates to a method for loading and depalletizing bottle branches in layers or similar cuboid piece goods between a constant level Pallet and at least one preferably level with the top of the pallet arranged supply or unloading area for the layers, each on the shortest Ways, using two layer grippers.

Almost from the very beginning of palletizing there are two different ones Process known (DT-PS 11 24 880). In one, the layers are essentially only horizontally between one at the level of the top layer of a full pallet load arranged supply or unloading surface and on a lifting device gradually lowered or raised pallet.

In the case of the other, the layers between one level are constant on the pallet and a staging area that is also at a constant level or unloading area spent on paths of different lengths, the more horizontal Share remains the same, but its vertical share increases or decreases from layer to layer. decreases.

The first-mentioned procedure, which due to the short transport route which offers the prerequisites for high performance, on the other hand but ftlr lifting and lowering the pallet and moving the layers between the Floor level and the staging or unloading area arranged around the load height Requiring a great deal of effort is increased at the expense of great effort Performance has been further developed (e.g. DT-OS 23 12 o48).

The second method, which is due to the holding of the pallet in the corridor level and the provision or unloading of the layers also in the corridor level low in effort, but on the other hand low in output due to the large distances traveled is limited, is limited to small and medium-sized services further developed with reduced effort (e.g.

DT-AS 25 19 565).

The DT-OS 2) 12 o48 sees next to two to avoid dead times synchronously back and forth moving grippers also have one above the pallet lifting platform liftable and lowerable intermediate storage trolleys. For the purpose of transferring the cached These layers are held by a special jaw holding device that can also be raised and lowered fused, and the two HXlRten of the two-part intermediate storage car moved laterally out of the area of the layers and in this position into the upper starting position back process. It is obvious that such a complex System is not only very expensive, but also more prone to failure.

The DT-AS 25 19 563 provides a low cost Gripper head by means of several, synchronously rotating, endless chain drives between the staging and unloading area arranged at constant level and close to the floor and which is also constant in level and pallet lying close to the floor and move here.

It is true that the space and space-saving, low-cost construction of the chain drive exploited. On the other hand, the horizontal one remains Moving section of the gripper head regardless of the loading or unloading status of the The pallet is always at the level corresponding to the highest pallet load, so that the reduction in effort is bought with a significant loss of performance is.

The object of the invention is to provide a locking mechanism for loading and unloading To create depalletizing of bottle crates or similar block-shaped piece goods, by providing the greatest possible performance with little effort and with a great deal of effort Operational safety is achievable.

In order to solve the problem, the invention is based on the vertical method the pallet and, if necessary, an intermediate storage trolley, for higher performance and the pallet support area as well as keeping the staging and unloading area at a constant level, rUr lower Procedures provided for.

The invention takes over what is intended for the only higher performance Method applied principle that two layer grippers alternately on a pallet work. In this case, the two grippers are according to the invention, as far as they are not interfere with each other, both vertically and horizontally independently of each other moved in such a way that the one ore (anticipatory gripper) the odd and the other grippers (follow-up grippers) palletize or depalletize the even-numbered layers and when changing pallets in the case of an even number of layers the previously treated pallet the previous anticipatory gripper and in the case of an odd number Number of previous follow-up grippers starts.

The method according to ErrinduR3 allows a first gripper to move horizontally into or out of the area of the pallet, while a second gripper is still vertically above the provisioning area assigned to it. respectively.

Unloading area is moved. This is done with little effort and more extensive Reliability a relatively high performance can be achieved.

Especially when loading and depalletizing bottle crates with a arranged below centering, it is also advantageous that during the compared to mere grasping or

Buses of a box layer on the staging or unloading area additional dwell time above the pallet for one of the grippers that sink in or lifting out of the box with its centering attachment is required, the other gripper already further vertically to the level for the next horizontal travel on the Pallet can be moved.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the two Empty gripper moves so quickly that at least approximately one hand when palletizing at the same time one of the grippers makes the loaded entrance over the pallet and the other gripper start the empty exit from the area of the pallet and on the other hand when depalletizing, one gripper takes the loaded exit at the same time from the area of the pallet and the other gripper the empty driveway over the pallet break up.

The further invention makes use of the difference in the one to be moved Mass between the loaded and the empty state of the grapple, which it is at certain installed drive powers for the gripper allow the idle movement if necessary, each with greater acceleration and higher average speed than to carry out the load movement.

By means of the further invention, the method can be used for layer-wise Palletizing and depalletizing of bottle crates or similar cuboid items between a level constant on the legend palette and also level constant arranged provision or

Unloading area even further the level of performance for high performance So far only considered, the raising and lowering of the pallet and, if necessary of a temporary storage car including the method.

This success is associated with little effort and extensive operational reliability to the side.

The use of two grippers in stacking them from one another Set sheets formed with ceramic briquettes or clearing of sheet stacks with Stacking base arranged at a constant level and also provided at a constant level The staging or unloading area is known per se.

According to DT-PS 11 55 722, one kiln car is alternated between two Layers loaded with ceramic moldings.

The two grippers, which otherwise move horizontally completely synchronously are due to the fact that the briquettes move from layer to layer by 900 mutually pivoted alignment and the organs of the one Gripper in one direction and the gripping organs of the other gripper in the other direction the briquettes are set firmly. Achievement high performance through the use of two grippers in the sense of the invention is with The known facility is not intended as the shifts are time-consuming are only formed on the staging area.

Through "Maschlnenmarkt", Würzburg, year 73 (1967) no .: 24 - FT 50, Page 459, especially pictures 10a and a1, is an automatic plate translation device previously known, in which a roller conveyor leading to a GlUhofen by means of two synchronously horizontally moved gripper alternately from two sheet stacks with closed red-hot metal sheets are charged. The only thing here is to load one high-speed roller conveyor, several individual grippers, each with a stack of sheets, must be provided. Depending on whether the sheet metal stacks are on both sides of the roller conveyor or only on one Side of it, grippers work from both sides or only from one side onto the roller conveyor. It is the more well-known multiple arrangement Engaging devices, each of which has a sheet metal stack assigned only to them clear away. The last-mentioned reference therefore only provides further confirmation that the conventional depalletizing process, in which both the pallet support area as well as the unloading area are arranged at a constant level, limited in performance is. Deviating from this, the invention is based on the performance idea, that two both vertically and horizontally independently moved grippers alternately only one pallet load assigned to them as quickly as possible clear or load.

Further features and advantages of the invention are an exemplary embodiment refer to, which is shown schematically in the drawing and in more detail below is described.

The exemplary embodiment relates to non-palletizing. But it is It is obvious that the processes shown are reversed when palletizing. Included the application of the invention when palletizing is even simpler to the extent that as a rule, the pallets are each loaded with the same number of layers. In contrast, when depalletizing, the number of layers can vary from pallet to pallet fluctuate thoroughly.

FIGS. 1 to 9 represent stages following one another in time of the palletizing according to the invention.

The plant for performing the method according to the invention, the is essentially previously known with regard to its basic elements, is greatly simplified so that the essence of the new procedure is all the more clearly illustrated will.

The pallet 1 is at a constant level and close to that which is not shown in detail In the hallway. A roller conveyor 2, which is also used to convey away the Used for empty pallets and for the delivery of a new full pallet. On both sides of the Roller conveyor 2 is a further roller conveyor 5 or 4, also at a constant level and arranged close to the floor. The funding level is used as the provision or AbladerlKche serving roller conveyors 3 and 4 level with the top of the Pallet 1. Above the roller conveyors 2 to 4 are, for example, as jaw grippers trained layer grippers 5 and 6 can be moved horizontally and vertically, namely independent of each other. For this purpose, the grippers are attached to pulling members 7 and 8. These are not shown in detail Way adjustable in length each arranged on a trolley that can be moved on horizontal guides.

Figure 1 shows the initial situation at. Depalletizing. One with, for example, five layers I to {, for example from bottle crates exist, loaded pallet 1 is on the roller conveyor 2 in the unloading position has been retracted. The gripper 5 (VorgrtRfgrelrer) is with the opened Clamping jaws 9 above the upper layer I. The other gripper 6 (follow-up gripper) stands up with the jaws 9 open above the roller conveyor 4 to the inlet the next upper not II ready.

According to FIG. 2, the look-ahead gripper 5 with the layer I is horizontal Has been moved over the roller conveyor 5. At the same time is the follow-up gripper 6 Arrived over Layer II.

According to F1s. 3, the anticipatory gripper 5 has the layer I just on the Roller conveyor 4 is set down, while the follow-up gripper 6 moves with the shoe II still barked on the horizontal path section after the roller conveyor 4. While the loaded follow-up gripper 6 is still running out of the area of the pallet 1, is the empty anticipatory gripper 5 with increased speed in the level of third upper layer III raised and moved over it. He leads across the way the loaded follow-up gripper 6 from a dinholhub. This can be measured that when the follow-up gripper 6 is in its starting position for lowering above the Rollefdrderers 4 has reached, the anticipatory gripper 5 just about the third upper one Layer III has arrived.

According to FIG. 4, the anticipatory gripper 5 has the third upper layer III grabbed and lifted from the rest of the pallet load, now to allow the horizontal run-out start from the area of pallet 1.

The follow-up gripper 6 has just the second upper layer II on the Roller conveyor 4 is unloaded and now starts the empty one with increased speed Return to the fourth upper layer IV, whereby it is opposite to the anticipatory gripper V performs a recovery stroke.

Fig. 5 illustrates the situation in which the look-ahead gripper 5 with the third upper layer III still horizontally out of the area of the pallet 1 expires, while the follow-up gripper 6 is already in the area of the pallet 1 in Level above the fourth layer IV. After the follow-up gripper 6 executes this movement at increased speed, it calls the anticipatory gripper 5 and is able to reach completely above the fourth layer IV if the Look ahead gripper 5 has just left the area of the pallet 1.

According to FIG. 6, the anticipatory gripper 5 has the third upper layer III just unloaded onto the roller conveyor 3; the follow-up gripper is at the same time 6 with the fourth top layer IV gripped and lifted off, just finished for that horizontal run-out from the area of pallet 1. At the same time, the Close-up grip gripper 6 with the fourth upper Schioht IV from the area of the pallet 1 out and the empty anticipatory gripper 5 in the area of the pallet 1 in the level above the fifth upper or last layer V a. Figure 7 illustrates the corresponding End positions.

In the position shown in FIG. 7, the anticipatory gripper 5 now engages The five upper or, in this case, the last layer V, lifts it off the pallet 1 and brings it horizontally over the roller conveyor 3.

Meanwhile, the follow-up gripper 6 loads the fourth-upper layer IV on the roller conveyor 4 and then moves empty at increased speed vertically up to the level above the top layer of the next, too unloaded pallet as well as horizontally over this one.

8 shows the situation in which the look-ahead gripper 5 with the last layer V just completely out of the area of the pallet 1 moved and reached the roller conveyor 3. Meanwhile, the follow-up gripper has 6 the fourth upper resp.

in this case penultimate shift IV is unloaded onto the roller conveyor 4 and is on the accelerated empty run to the level above the top one Layer of the next pallet to be unloaded.

As soon as, according to FIG. 8, the anticipatory gripper 5 with the last Layer V is moved out of the area of the pallet 1, the pallet change begins. The new pallet smells under the previous follow-up grab that has already been moved into position 6, which has the pre-handle for the new Sntpalettler cycle. During the pallet change the previous Vorgrirfgreirer 5 has the last layer V on the roller conveyor 3 dumped and is in the level above the second upper layer IIa of the new Pallet la raised.

9 illustrates the initial situation for depalletizing a new range la.

The Ausrührungsbelaplel can generally be seen that depending on whether the previously loaded or unloaded pallet has an even or an odd number of layers has or had the previous one Anticipatory grapple also with the new pallet with the loading or

Unloading begins or the previous catch-up gripper becomes the look-ahead gripper and the loading or unloading of the new pallet begins.

The movements of the two grippers 5, 6 are separate, per se known vertical and horizontal drives caused and by assigned, known Programmschal tmit tel in conjunction with logical links with known Sequential switching controlled, whereby the respective working height through to the bottle crate layer height etc. appealing well-known height sensors, e.g. photoelectric proximity switches or limit switches can be controlled.

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Claims (2)

Patent claims process for loading and unpalletizing of bottle crates or the like. Cuboid piece goods between a constant level on a flying pallet and at least one, preferably with the top of the empty pallet at the same level arranged preparation or unloading area VUr the layers, in each case by the shortest route, using two alternately on the pallet working grippers, characterized in that the two grippers (5, 6), as far as they do not interfere with each other, both vertically and horizontally independently are moved from each other in such a way that the one gripper (5) (Vrgriffgreifer) the odd-numbered (I, III, Vj and the other gripper (6) (NachgrlfRgreifer) the even-numbered Layers (II, IV) loaded or depalletized and when changing pallets (1, la) in the case an even number of layers of the previously treated pallet (1) the previous one Gripper and in the case of an odd number (I to V) the previous one Follow-up gripper (6) begins. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the two Grippers (5, 6) are moved empty so quickly that at least approximately on the one hand when palletizing, one gripper opens the loaded entrance Uber at the same time the pallet and the other gripper the empty exit from the area of the pallet begin and on the other hand when depalletizing each time simultaneously one gripper takes the loaded exit from the area of the pallet and the other Greirer exit the empty driveway over the pallet.