DE263506C - - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

- ΛΙ 263506 - CLASS 45 #. GROUP

Patented in the German Empire on May 18, 1912.

The well-known centrifugal centrifuges with turbine drive, in which steam is drawn to the Operation of the turbine used and the exhaust steam of the turbine to heat the milk to be treated in the centrifuge ο. like are useless for smaller establishments, once because in such establishments the milk quantity required for continuous operation is not available, but then because

ίο the operation with pressurized steam the presence of a boiler system, which is unbearable for smaller companies legally Is subject to regulations. The hand extractors commonly used for smaller quantities of milk on the other hand, suffer from the disadvantage that they are relatively too expensive to operate; also the skimming is due the inconstancy of human labor versus labor Inadequate spin.

According to the invention, low-pressure steam turbines are to be used to drive centrifuges, the liquid to be treated in the centrifuge being used in the vacuum condenser as a condensing means for the exhaust steam and, as a result, the liquid being heated by the exhaust steam; thereby a device is obtained which has the advantages of hand-driven and motor-driven spinning without having the aforementioned disadvantages. Such low pressure steam turbine can in fact be operated with steam at about atmospheric pressure, which in not requiring a license steam 40

generate of any kind, e.g. B. in so-called steam pot, can be generated as they Must be available in smaller dairies for cleaning purposes and the like. That for Operations of low pressure turbines required pressure drop is made by a vacuum condenser achieved, the pump is driven by the turbine, and in which the milk to be treated in the centrifuge o. is used as a condensing agent so that the milk is preheated.

In the drawing, a low-pressure turbine centrifuge is shown in FIG. 1 in a vertical section shown according to the invention with a milk preheater acting as a condenser, which is provided with an agitator and designed as a sterilization device in the upper part.

Fig. 2 is a section along line 2-2 of Figs

Fig. 3 is a section along line 3-3 of Fig. I.

Fig. 4 shows a section through a low-pressure turbine centrifuge with an as Milk preheater acting as a condenser, with the turbine above a hanging Centrifugal drum is attached. A well-known trickle cooler is included as a milk preheater corrugated jacket is used, the interior of which forms the condensation space.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 3:

A the frame of the apparatus, 1 the centrifuge, 2 the spindle of the centrifugal drum, 3 the centrifugal drum itself, 4 the turbine shaft, 5 the turbine. The spindle 2 is with

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the shaft 4 directly connected. This drives by means of a worm gear 6, 7 an intermediate shaft 8, which in turn by a translation 9, 10, 11, a second intermediate shaft 12 drives; the latter sets a shaft 15 in through a worm gear 13, 14 Revolution which carries the stirrer 16 of a milk warmer acting as a condenser. The stirrer 16 is not shown in FIG. 3.

ίο The condenser preheater consists of a container 17, in the wall of two or more separate steam chambers 18, 19 are provided. The milk enters the container 17 through a pipe 49 and leaves it heated through a pipe 20, which is connected to the upper part of the container and the centrifuge 1.

The low-pressure steam passes from a steam generator that is not illustrated a mouthpiece 21 in the turbine, and the turbine exhaust steam is through a conduit 22 led into the space 18 and there as a result of cooling by the in the container 17 any milk is condensed. The steam jacket space 18 is at the bottom with a Vacuum piston pump 23 in connection, which is driven by the shaft 12 by means of a crank 24 and a connecting rod 25 is driven.

The pump has the usual design for vacuum condenser pumps and is removed from the space 18 the condensation water, air and any non-condensed steam, so that A vacuum is generated in the shell space 18 and consequently also in the turbine housing.

As a result, the jet of steam impinging on the impeller of the turbine has such a shape great speed so that he is able, the turbine and the parts it drives to drive.

The exhaust steam from the turbine has a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C, which is sufficient to bring the milk in the container 17 to a temperature suitable for spinning • to warm up; So it becomes the steam, whichever is used to warm the milk, also to operate the centrifuge, the agitator, the milk warmer and the vacuum pump used.

The pump itself can be of any type, it can be a piston pump or be a centrifugal pump which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine can. Of course, two pumps can also be used, one for removing the condensation water and one for removing steam and air from the steam space of the milk heater serving as a condenser. The condensation water can be fed back to the steam generator if necessary.

In the upper steam chamber 19, live steam can be introduced through a pipe 27, which is drawn off through a pipe 28. Through this steam space 19, the milk can, if necessary, at a higher, z. B. to the sterilization ^{temperature (about 80 c} C.). If such heating is not desired, the steam space 19 is closed off or left out at all.

A milk pump 29 (e.g. a centrifugal pump) is directly connected to the intermediate shaft 8 tied together. This pump pushes her from the centrifugal drum through a pipe 30 flowing in Skimmed milk through a pipe 31 to an unillustrated refrigerator, container or the like

In the case of the low-pressure turbine illustrated in FIG. 4, the parts are mounted on a frame B. The centrifugal drum 3 is suspended from the shaft 4 of the turbine. The shaft 4 of the turbine drives a vertical intermediate shaft 34 by means of a transmission 32, 33, which by means of bevel gears 35, 36 sets a horizontal intermediate shaft 37 in rotation. The shaft 37 drives the vacuum pump 38 and the breast pump 39. The milk warmer acting as a condenser consists of a corrugated cylinder 40 made of sheet metal or the like, which is similar to the usual surface coolers for milk, with the exception, however, that the inner chamber of the cylinder is closed off from the outside air.

The milk is drawn by the pump 39 from the container 41 through a pipe 42 into a bowl 43 conveyed, which is arranged at the top of the milk warmer 40. The milk runs through openings 44 over the outer surface of the heater 40 and runs in a thin layer into a collection tray 48. The through the Condenser preheated milk passes through a pipe 45 into the centrifuge 3. The chamber of the cylinder 40 is at the top by a pipe 46 with the outlet opening of the turbine and at the bottom by a pipe 47 with the vacuum pump 38 in conductive connection. The condensation and the air are removed here exactly as in the apparatus shown in FIG. If the Milk container 41 is arranged high enough so that the milk by itself in the bowl 42, the breast pump 39 can of course be omitted.

The invention primarily enables expensive manual operation to be avoided and at the same time the motive power is kept as good as free, since steam anyway must be generated for heating the milk. In addition, one escapes the legal regulations for the installation of high pressure boilers, in addition, that low pressure boilers are cheaper and easier to handle.

The invention can of course also be applied to apparatus for heating and centrifuging liquids other than milk are used.

Claims (2)

Patent Claims: i. Centrifuge for milk or the like, which is driven by a turbine, whose exhaust steam is used to heat the milk to be spun, characterized by the use of a low-pressure turbine, in the vacuum condenser of which the steam is condensed by the milk or the like to be heated. 2. Slingshot according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum capacitor is partially designed so that the milk can be further heated in it by live steam. 1 sheet of drawings. Printed in the Reichsdruckerei.