DE2628731B2 - Electric resistance heating element - Google Patents
Electric resistance heating elementInfo
- Publication number
- DE2628731B2 DE2628731B2 DE19762628731 DE2628731A DE2628731B2 DE 2628731 B2 DE2628731 B2 DE 2628731B2 DE 19762628731 DE19762628731 DE 19762628731 DE 2628731 A DE2628731 A DE 2628731A DE 2628731 B2 DE2628731 B2 DE 2628731B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- carbon fibers
- heating
- element according
- connection ends
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Widerstands-Heizelement gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an electrical resistance heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.
Es ist bekannt, Metalldrähte oder Mctallbändcr als elektrische Hei/.widcrstände in Heizelementen für Enteisungsanlagen von Flugkörpern zu verwenden. Diese Hei/widerstände sind in einem Trägermaterial angeordnet und werden zusammen mit diesem als fertiges Heizclement auf eine zu enteisende Profilfläche eines Flugzeuges oder eines Hubsehrauberrotorblattcs beispielsweise durch Klebung aufgebracht. Ein Nachteil dieser Heizelemente besteht in der großen Schwierigkeit, mehrfachgekrümmlc Flächen abzudecken. Dies isl nur unter Verwendung von vielen kleinen Segmenten möglich, wodurch erhebliche Herstellungskosten entstehen. It is known to use metal wires or Mctallbändcr as electrical heaters in heating elements for To use missile de-icing systems. These heat resistances are in a carrier material and are arranged together with this as a finished heating element on a profile surface to be de-iced an aircraft or a Hubsehrauberrotorblattcs applied for example by gluing. A disadvantage These heating elements are very difficult to cover multiple curved surfaces. This isl only possible using many small segments, which results in considerable manufacturing costs.
Aus der DE-OS 23 32 264 ist die Verwendung eines auf eine isolierende Un'erlage aufgebrachten und gehärteten Filmes aus einem härtbaren Kunstharz und Kohlenstoff- und/oder Graphitfasern als leitfähige, bei Stromdurchgang wärmeabgehende Schicht bekannt. Der IiIm kann auch aus einem Gemisch aus einem härtbaren Kunstharz und Kiililensli.il· und/oder Graphitfasern bestehen.From DE-OS 23 32 264 is the use of an applied to an insulating Un'erlage and hardened film made of a hardenable synthetic resin and carbon and / or graphite fibers as conductive, at Current passage heat-dissipating layer known. The IiIm can also consist of a mixture of one curable synthetic resin and Kiililensli.il · and / or graphite fibers exist.
Is handelt sich um ein vorgefertigtes Element, ebenso wie bei dem nach einem in der DE-OS 2 J Oh 21JO beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellten elektrischenIs is a prefabricated element, just like the electrical one produced by a method described in DE-OS 2 J Oh 2 1 JO
net, daß man die Oberfläche eines wärmebeständigen elektrisch nicht leitenden Trägers mit einem Gemisch aus einem Organopolysiloxan, Graphitpulver und einem organischen Lösungsmittel beschichtet und den beschichteten Träger erhitzt. Man kann einen Träger aus wärmebeständigem Glas, keramischem Material, wärmebeständigem faserverstärktem Kunststoff oder aus einer Kombination dieser Werkstoffe verwenden.net that the surface of a heat-resistant, electrically non-conductive support with a mixture coated from an organopolysiloxane, graphite powder and an organic solvent and the coated Carrier heated. A carrier made of heat-resistant glass, ceramic material, Use heat-resistant fiber-reinforced plastic or a combination of these materials.
Aus der DE-OS 20 57 Ol 7 ist ein flacher Wärmegenerator entnehmbar, der ein aus Kohlefibrillen hergestelltes Wärmeerzeugniselemer.t in Form eines Blatt Papiers, ein Bindemittel, um die Kohlefibrillen in der gewünschten Lage festzuhalten, einen isolierenden Überzug zur Abdeckung der gesamten Oberfläche des Wärmeerzeugungselementes und mit dem Wärmeerzeugungselement verbundene Anschlußdrähte aufweist. Auch bei diesem Element handelt es sich um ein vorgefertigtes Heizelement, das durch besondere Arbeitsgänge auf einer zu beheizenden Fläche angeordnet werden muß.From DE-OS 20 57 Ol 7 a flat heat generator can be taken, which is made of carbon fibrils Heat product elements.t in the form of a sheet of paper, a binder to hold the carbon fibrils in the to hold the desired location, an insulating coating to cover the entire surface of the Has heat generating element and connecting wires connected to the heat generating element. This element is also a prefabricated heating element that has a special Operations must be arranged on a surface to be heated.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, zunächst auf ein zu enteisendes Profil eine Trägerschicht aus z. B. Kunststoff aufzubringen und anschließend die Heizwiderstände auf dieser Trägerschicht zu befestigen. Hierzu bietet sich das Flammenspritzverfahren an, bei dem das die Heizwiderstände bildende Metall auf eine abf dem Profil befindliche Trägerschicht aufgespritzt wird. Ein auf diese Weise hergestelltes und gleichzeitig auf das Profil eines Flugzeuges oder Hubschrauberrotorblattes aufgebrachtes Heizelement ist in der Herstellung sehr teuer, da hierfür eine große Anzahl lohnintensiver Arbeitsvorgänge notwendig ist.It is also known to first apply a carrier layer of z. B. plastic to apply and then to attach the heating resistors to this carrier layer. To do this, offers the flame spraying process is used, in which the metal forming the heating resistors is applied to a profile located carrier layer is sprayed on. One made in this way and at the same time on the profile An aircraft or helicopter rotor blade applied heating element is very expensive to manufacture, since this requires a large number of labor-intensive work processes.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektrisches Widerstands-Heizelcmenl zu schaffen, das auf einer beliebig gekrümmten Fläche einer Kunststoffkonstruktion angeordnet werden kann, ohne daß gesonderte Arbeitsschritte nach der Herstellung der Kunststoffkonstrukiion erforderlich sind.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating an electrical resistance heating element that can be arranged on any curved surface of a plastic construction without separate work steps are required after the production of the plastic construction.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch I gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by characterizing features of claim I solved.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 1 bis 6 beschrieben.Further refinements of the invention are described in subclaims 1 to 6.
Ein Vorteil der Erfindung ist in der Anbringbarkcit des Heizelementes auf beliebig gekrümmten Oberflächen zu sehen. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, daß das Heizelement als integraler und homogener Bestandteil einer Kunststoffkonstruktion, insbesondere eines Flugzeugprofils oder eines Hubsehrauberrotorblattcs aus Kohlenfasern zusammen mit der Kunststoffkonstruktion in einem Stück hergestellt wird. Eine derartige Herstellung bringt eine beträchtliche Zeitersparnis und damit auch eine erhebliche Einsparung an Herstellungskosten mit sich.One advantage of the invention is the ability to attach the heating element to any curved surface to see. It is also advantageous that the heating element is an integral and homogeneous component a plastic construction, in particular an aircraft profile or a Hubsehrauberrotorblattcs Carbon fiber is made in one piece together with the plastic construction. Such a one Production saves a considerable amount of time and thus also a considerable saving in production costs with himself.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausfi'ihrungsbcispiel nach der Erfindung dargestellt.The drawing shows an example according to the Invention shown.
Mit 1 ist der Tragflügel eines Flugzeuges bezeichnet, an dessen äußerem Ende zwei von mehreren Heizelementen 2 auf der Oberfläche der Tragflügelnase als integrale Bestandteile angeordnet sind. Die Heizelemente 2 weisen zeichnerisch nicht dargestellte Heizwiderstände aus Kohlefasern auf. die beispielsweise auch in Matienform vorliegen können und in glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff oiler in einem Kohkfaserverbundwerkstofl' eingebettet sind. Die llei/widersi.-.'ide sind über ebenfalls zeichnerisch nicht dargestellte Anschlüsse an Zuleitungen angeschlossen, über die von einer Energiequelle gelieferte Hei/energie den Heiz-1 with the wing of an aircraft is referred to, at the outer end of two of several heating elements 2 are arranged on the surface of the wing nose as integral components. The heating elements 2 have heating resistors made of carbon fibers, not shown in the drawing. the example can also be in matienform and in glass fiber reinforced Plastic oiler are embedded in a carbon fiber composite material. The llei / contri .-. 'Ide are connected to supply lines via connections, also not shown in the drawing, via which of heating energy supplied to an energy source the heating
die Heizwiderstande nach einem vorgegebenen Heizzykius nacheinander kurzzeitig beheizt.the heating resistors are briefly heated one after the other according to a specified heating cycle.
Um einen einwandfreien elektrischen Anschluß der Zuleitungen an die Heizwiderstände sicherzustellen, ist es möglich, an den Anschlußenden der Kohlefasern Metallschichten galvanisch aufzubringen bzw. aufzudampfen. Auch können die Anschlußenden der Kohlefasern aus in die Kohlefaser^ einlaminierten mit Metall gefüllten Harzen bestehen. Eine weitere elektrisch leitende Verbindung zwischen den in Rede stehenden Teilen kann durch die Verwendung von Klemmverbindungen hergestellt werden.In order to ensure a perfect electrical connection of the supply lines to the heating resistors, it is possible to apply or vapor-deposit metal layers on the connecting ends of the carbon fibers. The connection ends of the carbon fibers can also be made of metal laminated into the carbon fiber ^ filled resins. Another electrically conductive connection between the two in question Split can be made through the use of clamp connections.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762628731 DE2628731C3 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Electric resistance heating element |
| FR7718939A FR2356336A1 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1977-06-21 | Resistance heating element for aircraft wings and helicopter blades - consists of mat of carbon or boron fibres and glass fibres |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762628731 DE2628731C3 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Electric resistance heating element |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2628731A1 DE2628731A1 (en) | 1977-12-29 |
| DE2628731B2 true DE2628731B2 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
| DE2628731C3 DE2628731C3 (en) | 1981-03-26 |
Family
ID=5981502
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762628731 Expired DE2628731C3 (en) | 1976-06-25 | 1976-06-25 | Electric resistance heating element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2628731C3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3525333A1 (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-01-29 | Edgar Seemann | Electrical resistance heater having carbon and graphite components |
| DE10151298A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-30 | Joerg Runge-Rannow | Multi-layer heating film and process for its production |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4019447A1 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-02-07 | Klaus Dipl Ing Leonhardt | Tyre warm=up bandage - has carbon fibre conductor as heating elements and glass fibres for insulation |
| DE4233118A1 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-01-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Flexible electric heating element esp for motor vehicle seat - comprises woven blanket or resistive fibres with electrode contact wires laid along or around its edges |
| GB2291575A (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 1996-01-24 | Dowty Aerospace Gloucester | Heating element for aircraft surface. |
| DE19904076A1 (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-03 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Vehicle molded part made of a composite material with unidirectionally arranged carbon fibers |
| DE10015158B4 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2011-05-05 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Mold carrier part with integrated heating element and method for producing the same |
| US20090078690A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2009-03-26 | Mi-Ae Lee | Fiber reinforced heating unit and mattress with thereof |
| EP3147216B1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-08-07 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Electrical de-icing for aircraft |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2306250A1 (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1974-08-15 | Donetsu Kogyo K K | Electrical heating element prodn. - by coating heat-resistant non-conductive support with mixt of organopolysiloxane, graphite powder and organic solvent |
| DE2332264A1 (en) * | 1973-06-25 | 1975-01-23 | Basf Farben & Fasern | Carbon fibre and resin corrosion-resistant coating - used as electrical resistance heating layer e.g. on metals |
-
1976
- 1976-06-25 DE DE19762628731 patent/DE2628731C3/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3525333A1 (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-01-29 | Edgar Seemann | Electrical resistance heater having carbon and graphite components |
| DE10151298A1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-30 | Joerg Runge-Rannow | Multi-layer heating film and process for its production |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2628731C3 (en) | 1981-03-26 |
| DE2628731A1 (en) | 1977-12-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |