DE2622859A1 - PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HEAVY, THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURES IN THE CASE OF TWO-STORY APARTMENTS - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS DR. KADOR & DR. KLUNKER

Patent attorneys Kador & Klunker Knoebelstr. 36 8 Munich 22

DR. ING. H. F. KLUNKER (DIPL. ING.) DR. RER. ΝΛΤ. U. KADOR (DIPL.CIIKM.)

KnoebeIstraBse36

D-8 Munich 22

At the Max II monument

Phone: 089-224164

Telegram: helpat

Telex: 5-22903

Your Ze! chen: / Your ref .: Re.:/Re:

Our reference: / Our ref .: K 11 434/7 Tag / Date 21. 5 «1976

Jacques Ferry 19, rue de la Treille 60300 Senlis / France

Methods and equipment for the manufacture of heavy, three-dimensional elements and methods in the case of two-story Apartments

The invention relates to the production of three-dimensional components. The known processes for the production of Heavy reinforced concrete cells can be roughly divided into two categories:

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1. Process in which most of the cell is in molding machines or is concreted on mold formwork. These procedures ensure a good monolithic Building up the volume - If the floor is provided with two longitudinal beams, and in this way forms a "frame", very long cells can be produced and, if necessary, very large openings can be formed in the long sides will.

2. Method in which six prefabricated panels are connected to one another, which in this way "form box cells ¹¹ and are thus limited in the length and dimensions of the openings. Theoretically, it would be possible to use a" frame base ". This would only be for Increasing the length expediently, but the behavior of the connections during the manipulation would become unsafe.

The common features of these two categories are:

a) some limitation in the shapes and dimensions of the cells, which limits the scope and severe restrictions are imposed on the architect (as there is a whole range of products to be manufactured).

b) A significant amount of work behind the assembly or forming station in the case of apartments.

The first part of the invention has the following objectives:

1. The manufacture of a diverse range of heavy construction cells wholly or partially made of reinforced concrete for housing or other purposes using a single To allow a range of versatile facilities in a factory.

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2. To offer the architect the possibility of the dimensions modulate (in an appropriate manner) so that they are for everyone Building type can plan an interior layout with the prefabrication of elaborated and a maximum of facilities Comprehensive components to complete the cell is to be agreed · If one adds the components the individual building types must form a simple "family" in order to avoid too great a diversity of bearings, one understands the need to free the architect from one limitation, along with other limitations makes the above goals unattainable.

3. The introduction of new cell types based on the same Plants are manufactured without disturbing the production rhythm in a scale of currently in production Products, with the (simple) preparations going on outside the circle.

The inventive work comprises four parts, their arrangement can adapt to each other to the available terrain and to the conditions of access (Fig. 1):

1. A zone ΊΑ for the production of flat reinforced concrete elements to be incorporated into the cells, mainly the vertical sides or the elements that make them up and the front plates.

2. A zone Z2 in which these elements and externally purchased components are stored. There could be elements in this zone be partially put together so that complex sub-units (for example "technical" blocks) are obtained, the to be incorporated into the cells in the third zone.

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3. A zone Z3 for the production of heavy cells and

4 ·. a zone Z4-, in which light cells are produced, which are either autonomous or complement the heavy cells.

The third and fourth zones have a common exit. The second zone can partially serve the fourth zone.

The third zone, which will now be described, has essentially a closed production line with a large Performance (see. Fig. 1), the production of all possible, above-mentioned cell types with the most varied Dimensions allowed using a unified tool. One can easily manufacture in the production cycle turn on cells made entirely of prefabricated panels laid with the help of the same tool and be connected.

In most cells, however, the floors fall by the wayside poured because these are heavy and large parts. Likewise, the blankets, if they exist, are generally Finished on the line from pre-plates to meet the following requirements: Finishing the bottom, rapid closure of the ceiling on an equipped cell, possibility of a full electrical Integrate system, monolithic structure. Let us now use the example of cast on the route Cells with "frame floors" and ceilings with front panels described. About the nature and position of the thermal insulation Nothing is said of the outgoing sides, because on the one hand the procedure is suitable for all arrangements and on the other hand, the technology of insulation and finishes is changing rapidly. As can be seen from the following

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Description results, allows the method in addition to reinforced concrete also the use of other materials, especially for the side surfaces.

In Fig. 1, a circuit was chosen which is parallel to the largest dimension of the cells. However, the method is suitable also for the reverse arrangement. The letters denote workstations.

A: Production of the formwork and reinforcement of the floors.

B: Composition of the long sides.

G: List of the long sides and the left front plate.

Execution of the vertical connections. D: Concreting the ground.
D ¹ : Insertion of the right face plate. E: Insertion of the internal components.
Q: Closing the ceiling and concreting. G: discharge of the product and recycling of the moving tool.

H: Area for reshaping the mold bases, if necessary.

This tool has one carriage, two frames and a mold base for each cell to be produced. Carriages and scaffolding make up that Universal tool suitable for making all types of cells. The shaped bases are versatile: they are suitable for the production of cells with "frame bottom" with any dimensions, but can also be used in other cases to be used.

The carriages, which are designed in the same way, have dimensions in plan view which correspond to those of the largest cells, that are to be produced. Each carriage has four rollers, two longitudinal beams that take the place of the rollers are doubled, and seven transverse beams by three ^ hre are braced (see. Fig. 3 and 4). The two outer U-shaped

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shaped cross members with inwardly directed legs are absolutely parallel.

Each car has a removable molded floor. In the case of cells with "frame ^{bottom 11} " this mold bottom forms a formwork of three parts (Fig. 4), namely an axial formwork band that is screwed and rarely dismantled, and two mold halves whose protruding crossbeams cross in the axial band. Positioning is ensured by means of latches Λ and locking is ensured by screwing at 2 via double-acting rubber springs, the flexibility of which becomes practically zero when the load is equal to the weight of the floor plus the centrifugal force of the external vibration (which will be discussed later). The right half of the section of Fig. 4 shows the bottom of the mold in the position of the smallest cell width. The left half of the section corresponds to the widest cells, with an additional formwork panel being added .

The trolley and bottom of the mold form the permanent, mobile tool. This unit is released at G on the "Outward" section transferred to the production line. Fig. 1 shows very simple Means for transferring from one section to another which are not described here. They are safe and economical and do not interrupt traffic on the ground.

If it is a question of cells, the bottom of which is poured on the line, the movable support first arrives at station A in order to receive the insulation under the plate and the reinforcement of the bottom and the longitudinal plates. If it is a prefabricated floor made of reinforced concrete or another material, the beam goes directly to A ¹ ,

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where the laying of the floor takes place. In all cases, the laying of the long sides and the made of reinforced concrete, which were prefabricated in zone Z1 of the factory. The long sides practically never consist of a single part. They are made up of unified elements, as shown, for example, in FIG. 2, the detail made in this illustration the elimination of the distinction between left and right allowed (standardization of camps). The composition is previously made at station B, located on either side of the track, by hooking on the movable ones Frameworks that are returned at F ".

Stations A ¹ and B are not described. Station A will be described later.

The frames, which are all designed in the same way, allow the components of the long sides to be suspended with any cut-outs and dimensions and the attachment of the additional devices for guiding and blocking the secondary components, which are incorporated at station E, and possibly the support pins for the horizontal support of the Ceiling facing plates (Fig. 5, right section half, and Fig. 6).

The main skeleton of a framework consists of the following parts:

1. Two lateral end posts 1, the horizontal crossbeams of which are supported on two horizontal bolts on the trolley. The ^s tege the outermost cross bars of the wagons are provided for this purpose with four rows of bolts. The width of each row is equal to half the difference between the largest and smallest cell widths.

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2. Two intermediate posts 2, which are attached to the crossbeams no. 3 and the chariot & support.

3. A horizontal beam 4, the bottom of which is about 8 cm from

the top of the plate of the bottom is removed "

4 ·. Iron a very rigid horizontal beam 5? which is slightly deeper than the door and window lintels on the long sides of the common cells lies.

This main frame is made by a bracing, not shown and completed by three posts 3 which extend down to the support 4 · so that a passage for the three boxes of the shuttering wall for cladding the flanks of the longitudinal beams of the floor remains free (the one at station D. Formwork wall).

A strut connects them to the rear leg of the girder 5 <

The carrier 5 serves as a framework for a very narrow catwalk. The seven posts receive at their head end either a tubular beam which is attached so that it is free can expand, and if necessary serve to "clad the sand of the ceiling slab, or an increase for special lines (e.g. classroom).

The walls and posts forming the long sides have holes at the level of the plinth which allow them to be hooked onto the scaffolding (FIG. 7) via pins suspended from the support 4. In order to avoid trial and error, however, it is necessary to provide a basic module m in the direction of the length, which corresponds to the horizontal division of the reinforcement of the long sides (for example 12.5 or 15 cm). The carrier 4 thus has inserts in the front and back with snap-in connections in the model _? & i _e ai _e placement of the pins without

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Allow measurements to be taken. Own the pins (Fig.7) at the back several incisions that correspond to the thickness of the walls.

The same principle is used in the upper part for hanging the posts, for laying the window and door lintels and for clipping the cladding elements used, which prevents tilting.

The scaffolding, equipped with long sides, is placed on the trolley that has arrived at station C. When the floor is prefabricated or if the longitudinal beams form part of the prefabricated long sides, the final phase of laying is in a horizontal approximation. Otherwise the approach is vertical, taking the controlled downward movement with the help of very simple additional devices. After this operation, the long side elements are thus with the help the scaffolding is suspended over the reinforcement of the longitudinal beams, with their lower approaches entering the interior of this reinforcement. 6 shows a frame placed on a carriage, the bottom of the mold and the long side for the sake of clarity removed. The attachment is made by a lock at 6 and a pinning at 7 completed. Then the one on the side of station A. Front plate set up. It is attached to the framework with the help of special pins. The arrangement of the left half of FIG. 5.

The erected vertical elements must be connected to one another will. In the case of reinforced concrete elements, the procedure described in French patent application 74.30713 methods of sewing and bandaging described are used. This method allows a simple and quick Compound, due to its quality, is compatible with a high degree of finishing of the prefabricated components and, if necessary, allows the production of long pages,

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which consist exclusively of posts and window and door lintels exist, eliminating the unnecessary double walls.

These vertical connections can be made at station G if one has the waiting time available for Hardening of the mortar before concreting the floor at station D is required. Otherwise all seam connections made at E.

Station D has a device for dispensing the concrete and two movable lateral shuttering walls (Fig. 9). The formwork wall located between D and D ¹ can be moved away along the chassis of the concrete delivery device, so that the passage for the transfer from D to E is cleared.

Each formwork wall has three parts that are connected to form a monolithic unit of the same length as the carriages are. They carry four vibrators and are fastened metal against metal at four points on the mold half of the mold bottom. The connection on the circumference is made via rubber-metal connections (Posts of the scaffolding) or on concrete (long sides) in front of you. The additional attachment to the scaffolding is elastic · This arrangement, which ensures a good seal, allows the vibrating mass to be constrained on the fresh concrete, on the formwork walls and on the molds. The carriage, the scaffolding and the long sides form one inert mass, which reduces the forces and the risk of metal fatigue and the required vibration power is reduced. The formwork of the floor on the side of the front wall, the erection of which was postponed, is designed so that early stripping is possible.

The concrete delivery device has a frame that holds the receiving funnel carries, and a telescopic belt conveyor, which is balanced by a movable counterweight, so

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that the force that is required to get to the end support, is very low and little changeable. The concrete is discharged through two symmetrical gutters, each of which can pivot by 90 ° about a vertical axis which is attached to the end of the conveyor (Fig. 10 and 11). An additional movable frame slides at the end of the conveyor and thereby controls the rotation of the chutes. Its width can be to be adapted to the cell to be concreted. It takes a light platform (control station) and two runners, which are guided by the pins holding the long sides and in this way an absolutely horizontal movement guarantee. Only the movement of the conveyor is motorized. The sliding of the scaffolding on the conveyor and the Runners on the bolt can be blocked by electric brakes, which are mutually exclusive. One can access this Block the gutters at the desired angle at will or cross-coat them. The scaffolding supports finally the one consisting of vibrating rails and a vibrating system Unit.

There are thus two vibration systems: the first for compaction the concrete of the long side and the second for the concrete of the slab. Between the first and the second round the vibrating rail, the two by four vibrators for the longitudinal beams are briefly put into operation, so that a good one Contact guaranteed under the vertical prefabricated elements will. In the upper part of the lateral formwork walls there are air holes that allow the air bubbles to escape.

In order to selectively accelerate setting and hardening, drying is done by heating the shuttering walls (steam circulation or the like) in two stages themselves (Fig. 9). You can start drying the lower part

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the stringers begin before the concrete application of the slab has been completed. This slight shift in the Sequence of 10 minutes is sufficient to allow quasi-immediate stripping without the application of the Concrete in the upper part is affected. With the concrete of the slab there is a completely different problem: less hurry than there is it is not necessary to release station D; Difficulties due to the insulation material provided under the plate; Risk of a sharp temperature drop in the Thickness. Therefore, lukewarm concrete (about 50 °) must be used, and only for half of the concrete delivered at station D. The previous description of the concrete dispenser must therefore be corrected as follows: the standby funnel can either be placed directly on the belt give off or pour into a heating mixer, which can also be fed directly. This is the best way in order to achieve the required heating power and avoid excessive heat losses. The supply of the belt is through a system for regulating the concrete flow ensures that the amount of concrete storage and the plasticity of the concrete is not very sensitive.

The work carried out at station D involves the use of highly mechanized facilities that support the Allow this extensive and complex work to be carried out with a small staff and in a very short time. Of the The internal structure of the process requires this key station to be saturated, i.e. to proceed in such a way that the duration of the Work steps on all stations in front of and behind it is much shorter. This is one of the reasons that lead to a decrease which subsequently leads to secondary components to be incorporated by forming large subunits. Around to increase the production capacity if necessary, it is sufficient apart from a few arrangements to be made beforehand.

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gen to double station D by concreting the floors at another point on the circle, with the help of a set of additional formwork walls for the longitudinal beams and a branch for the concrete feed.

i "ig. 1 shows to the left of D-E a transfer through which the Short-circuit station D cells with a prefabricated base can.

On the "return trip" portion of the circle, two sets of operations are performed. The first row consists of following works:

1 · Installation of the right front wall and connection.

2. Attachment of the secondary components inside the cell. In the lower part the connection of the vertical Walls with the floor are expediently, but not necessarily, made as in Fig. 12 is shown.

3 · If necessary, some dressing of the surface of the floor.

4. Put on heating caps to accelerate hardening. These have a selective effect, so that a circulation path is determined on the surface of the base and the caps can be removed without having to wait for the entire surface to harden. The second series of operations concerns the closure of the cell in the upper part. The classic cell type we have chosen as an example involves the following operations:
1. Attachment of light, telescopic support beams, which are supported on the vertical walls on the circumference and inside.

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2. Laying the front panels.

3- Laying the electrical system. The vertical. Walls thus have, if they are made of reinforced concrete, recesses with a diameter that is slightly larger than that of the channel, and a conical one Expansion in the upper part, as well as a cylindrical hole that corresponds to the housing in the lower part. A wall element that is used in several types of cells or in different positions Recesses, which correspond to the cases of all figures, so that those prefabricated in zone 1 are flat Elements can be standardized as much as possible. The ends of the channels are made with reusable tapered pipe pieces to facilitate the introduction into the selected recesses.

4 ·. If necessary, attaching reserves and connecting pieces to the front plates.
5 «Laying of some steels to connect the wall to the ceiling.

6. Concreting the ground.

The first series of operations is carried out from D ^r and the second from F on.

In these operations, elements are placed on the floor at the edge of the "Return" leg taken up and guided under the walls or introduced into the interior of the cells. These items with very various forms must be accompanied and guided. It is therefore advisable to use the transport device with an in Fig. 13 to provide the device shown schematically. Of the horizontally movable carriage 1 in two directions carries a ring 2 with ball bearings. There is a Mounted support 3, in which a downwardly directed, vertical arm is attached, on which a hollow arm 4- slides,

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who carries a catwalk 5. A circular channel is permitted the supply of the gear motor of the vertical telescopic movement and the connection of the remote control (from the walkway) of other movements · A safety ramp is attached under the catwalk, which stops any movement in the event of one wrong maneuver. At the point of attachment of the fixed arm to the support 3 is also a safety system provided, which is coupled to two bending stress limiters. The elements are transported with a gear motor 6 made, the rope runs in the axis of the ball bearing ring. The traverse 7 is designed so that it if necessary, can be attached in the upper part of the arm 4, This allows very large elements to be attached and set up with the aid of the arm 4 when the rope is unhooked.

Fig. 1 shows an overall arrangement of other arrangements suitable for the method. It is assumed that the The "way there" and "way back" sections are located in two adjacent halls, each of which has a walkway. There is thus a number of building posts between the two sections. This way you can comfortably in the "way back" hall a path at the level of the ceiling of the cells can be created (Fig. 14) and the operations can be carried out with Using a half bridge can be done that with the above described facility is equipped. Fig. 1 shows a junction F-F'-F ", the implementation of the concreting of the Ceiling allowed in the "one way" hall, which makes it easier to feed the concrete. F "is the station at which the ceiling is dried and at the exit of which the scaffolding is recycled at B.

Motorization of movement of heavy mobile devices can be done in a number of ways and is not described here.

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1 /: 8

In order to guarantee its constant performance, station λ may just as well ->? Xe station Q only a minimal waiting time ~ / erurijv-jwsa » Is \ ri? A, therefore a! Facility ^ is seen, whose reimbursement is up to 5" - -ϊ Reach dar τ © 11 © η working speed ai? fge- -Siil :; ": jii";?.:? · 5, -ι? η I ^ aan ^ 2,4 the siar manufacture of the reinforcement d @ r - S ^ '::: i dix: "Ji s2z;: 3 ί, ^, β A2: lsimf" fe d ^ r iP © rabödea to wait *, Zur ITar-ι-ι.': 2 - ί · ^ " -2 dr.s' 3s: -; iG'.i't; 3 der Fl ^ tts ₀ siuii? SrSioixiag ilir @ r St@ifb.git; :: ". De ^^ / ir-l'üs-gei-wiig the stiffness of the Ssasa is ®s © rforder-Li,; - ': .- · £ - :: ,: _ ϊ; iait Sippen Terseiiene Platte for example axt © i- _.eJi I \ ippenaostana von gleioii two modules τογIs it is assumed that the formwork elements on the underside (boxes not connected to the floor of the formwork) or the heat insulation elements integrated on the underside are self-supporting are, ie laii they -Jar dead weight ΐΐηά the weight of the reinforcement grid ::::! /; ■ sdz.-a ^ ra & ^ ollen D »i3? CiiM« gi2ne 7021 stwa 1/5 ^ cL @ r span tr-igoii » dd-ϊ ISisirioIitiiag "iesitst on ^ ade of the umlauf-Me-, 59s of the l? ormbÖden ^ in 3 i G-erÜ3t extending in the longitudinal direction, read from a Hohr 1 (j? ig _e 15)« 9lneai! «Aufsteg 2 in a stage 3 consists of "The unit rests on two * bars 4, should be allowed to move in a straight line" on a rail 5 as much as half the difference between the outermost widths of the cells Aubung can be attached and adjusted to the Hohr "brackets 6, which support the reinforcement of the longitudinal bar 10 via adapters 7 and the self-supporting insulation 9 via a steel rod 8 that is temporarily attached (Fig. 16). If the mold base -11 is inserted, is @s sufficient _? move down the facility. The two Hader sines TTägers% are mounted on eccentrics, which are operated by a common lever, so that the fitting pieces 7 are released and only a small weight remains on the rods 8.

For the production of the flat elements from reinforced concrete in zone 1 known "/ experienced" how the concreting in vertical Batteries or on horizontal foldable tables

B O 9 S 5 O / O 7 1 2

However, these procedures are used in an appropriate manner improved »

DI® integration of the electrical channel in the dünns-ri steel "concrete plates has disadvantages" Bas ArEisrnngsgitter is located approximately in the center of the W & iidLs ^ ärlc®, z2 that dii channel recesses pears, the Nejis? ε :: ΐ aoz? eissn Found as is another lie, "In other cases, dr-ücl't c.or Sanal the Gittss ¹ to the other wall to" bite verurg & e-Lrj one Sslit? äaht = ng of the plates and a bad Umhülliiag dsr · Stähla? which can only vsrmieden _s when Gins üoarEäßig strong Diölrs "Orsisht _a Ss could-i? 5th very thin Plattsri mt'c well sr quality trots the presence of electrical AtisspariiEgan tart Provides werdsn _f by the following Anordmmg teniitzi- MRDS he erungsgxtt dia bsrisontalon wires of Arsii ο be AAF dsr Maseiiia® g®- measured FIG _o 17 bent (known Gittsr) cäsp ffian provides sin grating prepared by the same bent wire are bsimtst »© di sn but alternately over and under & ggradlinigen Settdr- äkt-sn are arranged (Fig.-iS). in both cases artält sin © accurate positioning of the Kettdräfcts CLSR in center of the wall thickness and cut-outs for performing DER channel. the distance between the warp wires is equal to the modulus in the direction of the Long sides of the cells is used

There are numerous procedures for concreting made panels with fixed tables in the horizontal plane, Tables that can be folded up but cannot be shifted or movable tables that cross a drying area and at the exit be taken up by a pivoting odsr HebeToi ^ direction. In the latter case, the tables are then returned to their starting point for a new cycle. Bas Folding up the tables is interrupted a little in front of the vertical, whereby the lower formwork cheek that connects to the table is firmly connected, prevents the product from sliding. In this inclined position, the product is lifted by a lifting device recorded. The system that will now be described

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relies on three specific arrangements that make it one correct method of making panels in the Make horizontals.

The first arrangement concerns the type of _{formwork β} The 3KeIetr-u.es Schaltiseiies is with two subframes. firmly connected *, the upper part of which protrudes beyond a cross connection and. closes above this (Fig. 19) · The table is not tror. added a pivoting device, but is hooked directly "Sr is therefore autonomous iincL turning up can goer ^ o at any point national accounts There is on the one at any point on the one flat construction site or in fine labriksboden? ts.tt urine, is in general, oosröii two level Bnter-iags = - '. "äiidfe ^ made of HgIs ₅ concrete or- Staiil improved _o Big lower ash?" * and the upper ^ aHgS _5, which are shown in simplified form in Fig. 19, have a® length _c Si ® is equal to the width of the? Js.ttfi is = 7 & r the kussoheXmis is the under® Wang® entfsr ^ to Wen: i üLfLs inner seat of the Bstoaplatte is ₉ must be a eisitsi ^ dss WsEkstiislrs: £ Π Esds iss Sskwenk ^ rorgangg through di © 8ei-'SeE.waiigen (not shown) can be prevented. In these S ¹ CiIl the pages long are first removed in the case of their Befes-vi ^ rias ^ Lrä. the little strength of öerüeks lives which they can hold back. habsn ₉ and in some very rare cases, it may be necessary Being united © Einhakpnnkte durüli inner A = zn were creating · Ln of the location of the lower t ^ - ^ gg are 'iif cleri. 'I'Tisch swei Spar-i ^ es iron placed about vO cm in length, ■ ilis är: ?? i an easy to attach device; _; that sis at the d®r-ünterkants- of the table blsintri ^ c S $ .: iacQ the bel & GLezis "Tissäi is upturned in the vertical upt _a In ö.ei £ laststg.-r; part of the pivoting step the rafters and the concrete Platts the place of the base © ₅ so that these dis pad no longer touch (See _e F'ig "2G) _o in general, this operation moves inside a double upright (Fig. 21) in front of which permits the implementation of a cross bar to which the plate is attached «.

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After releasing the side cheeks, the empty shape is in the opposite direction Swiveled direction. From the start of this movement, the underframes are back on the supports and a second safety crossbar is introduced to the plate in the vertical suaalten, in this way goes the formwork can be removed in a single operation «3a the plate is not hung up - neither is it pulled by pulling it still stressed by the frictional force of the transport bars, but only on compression and shear.

The transfer of the lest will be through the rafters to the ground. facilitated by a significant improvement: the broken line visible in FIG. 20 shows a concrete block which is placed against the inner surface of the lower cheek before the concreting. The cheek is provided with two rectangular openings, so that it is impossible to forget _s substituting these concrete blocks. 2? Ij. 22 is a sample of a concrete block. The Stak 'sections incorporated in the concrete blocks, which engage in the normal reinforcement of the base of the slab, cause a considerable reinforcement of the zone in which the forces are concentrated, which allows early stripping.

The second feature relates to the arrangements by which each shape is intended to be versatile, i.e. the one A very large number of different plates are to be produced, which are subject to a certain system. Like Fig. 19 shows the main skeleton; the table consists of the two Underframes and "primary" cross-connections arranged fairly close to one another (in Fig. 6 cross-connections), while the "secondary" ribs are located on the top. In the plate that consists of the "skin" and the secondary ribs, a recessed zone is provided, the height of which is the same as that provided in the plates Corresponds to passages and whose width is smaller than that

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Width of the narrowest panels that are manufactured
should. If you have several shapes available, the recesses are the same and a very low, exclusively positive tolerance must be observed. This allows the shapes to be supplemented with counter-shapes (generally in two parts, exceptionally also in three parts) which, thanks to the numerous supports provided by the "primary" cross-connections of FIG. 19, can be fairly easy. Figure 23 shows how the connection can be made on the perimeter. Man
sees that the concrete edges always correspond to a bend in the sheet metal of the counter-forms. Each set is made with a very small negative tolerance. It shows a good adaptation to all shapes, so that any shape
is suitable for the production of any plate.
One can exchange the elements that have a counter-shape set
form, so that with the asymmetrical plates a set can be used to produce the "right" and the "left" plates. The sidewalls have two, three or four different positions. In this way, panels of different widths can be produced. On the other hand, the position of the openings can be changed even with the same width. It should also be noted that the system is based on essential
A simpler way of producing panels with protruding window parapets or door sills. This arrangement (standardized forms and interchangeable counter-forms) allows prefabrication to be carried out
a mini-room of facilities. It also facilitates the
Carry out programming as any shape to it
is ready at any time for the production of any type of plate, provided that a corresponding counter-mold is available.

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The third characteristic is that the tables that Counter-shapes and the cheeks are capped (Oaissonner) so that a moderate drying is started can be done before the manufacture of the panels is finished. You begin to apply the last layer of concrete as well as the finishing of the free surface over the zone adjacent to the lower cheek so that selective drying is carried out in favor of the support zone · This arrangement allows together one with the type of formwork through direct support in the vertical and with the reinforcement through concrete blocks early stripping, which considerably shortens the cycle time for each shape.

Due to the arrangements described above, the usual conception of a flat manufacturing chain can be used dispense with which the molds run in a closed circle and in particular a drying tunnel cross, which occupies part of this circle. A light infrastructure is preferably provided, which ensures a relative autonomy for every form. Because the panels turned off in this "soft" technique too are "fresh" to be transported hanging, the stand arranged in front of the production zone is a storage stand (except in the case of external prefabrication, where it is advisable to work under the installation crane). In the factory (Fig. 24) a stand with a small capacity is used in the axis of the mold in the production position (on the left a heating cap in standby mode). The two underlay belts have an axial groove that forms a guide for the wheels with which the mold is equipped is. The interval between the stored plates is large enough to allow a control of the execution and if necessary Allow rework. However, the entire system is very compact. The forms are "parallel", only the opposite

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they have one thing in common.

For the production of buildings with two floors (ground floor plus first floor) and especially of apartments, a light first floor cell is often replaced by a heavy first floor cell set. The second part of the invention concerns the problem of this increase. There are various Difficulties on:

Degree of finishing and equipment of the upper floor, protection against the effects of the weather between the exit the factory and the finishing at the construction site and high costs due to the doubling of the storage, des Transports and manipulations on the construction site.

There is no solution in which all of these difficulties are satisfactory be eliminated. In the now described solution

deci

Priority is given to economic efficiency / transport and installation costs. It also solves the problem of protection. With regard to the level of equipment on the upper floor, it is suitable for some types, while for other types there are facilities to simplify and reduce the cost of the equipment still to be carried out _{or the like}

The system is _? that upper floor cells are produced in the form of a cover without a base, which are longer and wider than the heavy first floor cells and which are attached to them before leaving the factory. In Fig. Λ the line A ^s -G · forms one of the exits of the plant TA for the production of the upper floor ropes. Two lines arranged at a distance from one another represent the rails of a bridge, which is provided with a crossbeam that can carry out this operation as well as the removal of the unit. The sections of FIGS. 25 and 26 aeigen Examples of various possible forms _e For roofs having two roof slopes (right part of Fig. 25) is a part of the sloping roof is pivotable and

609850/0712

2622359

unfolded during the lifting process described below «

Each double cell is transported and set up on blocks. There is a distance of 10 between ground floor cells to be provided up to 20 cm, which corresponds to the thickness of the upper floor walls. Fig. 27 shows a structure with three smile in front the lifting. The upstairs cells, however, butt against each other. Each cell on the upper floor is a few centimeters beforehand to lift off from their carrier, so that the intended lateral play can be exploited. The vertical Lines from Fig. 27 represent winches (the short winches on intermediate supports are quite ordinary screw winches, which can be operated by ratchets). They allow the correct installation of the ground floor with an easy Average tolerance to be obtained, with a small distance between the upper floor cells being maintained. Then will two provisional cables 3-3 were introduced, which can be shortened by connecting the cells at terminals 1 through a Aligns the staple. The points 1 are raised with respect to the points, so that a distance remains at the points 2. When the points 1 are tacked, the line 3 ~ 3 is compressed by controlled pulling of the pulls, gradually increasing the four Corners 3 are lifted so that the connections at points 2 are obtained. After checking these connection points will be the utility connections are carried out and then only the corner winches are acted upon. The intermediate winches are released and the unit consisting of the upper-story cells behaves like a single block attached to the four Corners "floating" around the ground floor cells. One checks the distances between ground floor cells at the level of the Ceiling according to, and in particular the width of the Gesarat (distance between the gables of the lateral cells), so that the telescopic movement by supporting it on the corner winches, the lift of which is greater than the height of the floor, does not present any difficulty. That

H 0 9 8 5 0 / Ü 7 1 2

The upper floor is raised above the final position, then rods for intermediate storage are inserted (Fig. 28). If necessary, inner walls are erected that lay flat on the ceiling of the heavy cell. If applicable, be the necessary documents on intermediate storage and then the tightening of the side fastenings made. Afterward the cables 3 ~ 3 (Fig. 27) and the corner winches are removed.

In this way a significant advantage has been achieved: the upper floor cells (which are stored and brought together separately since they are connected to their lower cell) fit together perfectly without the need for trial and error and without the use of compensating pieces, provided that they are prefabricated taking this necessity into account became. This result can easily be achieved. The upper floor cells consist of elements that are manufactured in series and their assembly is not carried out cell by cell, but on a suitable surface, that of an entire Apartment floor of 2, 3 * 4 or 5 adjoining cells that are produced at the same time. Then the holes for the staples 1 and 2 of Fig. 27 are made. Eventually they will be separated from each other and each upstairs cell is provided with the corresponding ground floor cell.

The formation of the cells must take into account the forces caused by the various transport and assembly phases are, which allows a considerable improvement in their strength and thus the final quality without great effort. FIGS. 25, 26 and 27 show that in some models the rigidity in the plane of the two facades is very great. In other models, the upper floor can be viewed as a unit of three beams (two mezzanine floors and a roof truss), which are connected by roof pillars and roof beams. The flexibility can be determined experimentally. In man-

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In the case of traps, a train is placed in a broken line under 3-3, which is also reusable. In all A wedging, which gives the straightness of the roof, automatically brings about the straightness of the other edges of the cases Roof with itself.

If the upper floor is in a connecting level of the cell is walled, only one of two cells has a wall, as is the case on the ground floor. Preferably the cell that corresponds to the least walled bottom wall is chosen so that the passageways of the ground floor are maximally covered in the transport position.

If no wall is required on the upper floor, the roof beams remain between the first floor cells (Fig. 28) and exceed not the height of the ceiling tile: so they don't have to be cut off

The spaces between the ground floor cells must be lined: their width is about 15 cm instead of 2 or 3 cm as in the known solutions, which simplifies the problem. The insertion of a connecting plate causes namely, that the "difference" is divided by two at each joint. On the other hand, there are differences in height, straightness and warpage weakened over a width of almost 20 cm, so that the known costly compensation work is omitted. This also provides additional habitable space and options for hiding the vertical lines. The fasteners are prefabricated in series. In the case of the floors, the use of a module in the direction of the length allows of the cells on the one hand the standardization of the elements (e.g. elements of three, four and five modules) and on the other hand the formation of depressions in the ground floor cell at fixed intervals, the protrusions on the connecting elements correspond c

609850/07 l-2 patent claims -

Claims (1)

Claims 1.) Method of prefabrication of heavy three-dimensional Cells in the factory, with a series of identical tools circulating in a closed circle when soft is characterized in that each tool consists of several elements, the variable of which Arrangement allows the manufacture of cells of different types and different dimensions, and that the most movable elements of the tool, called frames, are completely unified so that the long sides Prefabricated from the start at the edge of the route Components can be assembled and then assigned to the first rolling tool that is ready can be held with the long sides hanging. 2. Tool according to claim 1 with a carriage with four rollers, a removable mold bottom and two lateral, movable Scaffolding, characterized in that the Mold bottom to achieve a quick width adjustment two side mold halves, the ones provided with latches Cross beams cross each other in an axial formwork band, and fastenings by elastic tight tension under the Has cross members of the car, while each frame has two horizontal end crossbeams, each with two Underframes are provided, one of which has a locking system so that it can be used for width adjustment it is sufficient to choose a position on the rows of bolts with which the end crossbeams of the carriage are provided 3 · Framework according to claim ^A. raid 2 ₅ aas is used to make the long sides at the edge of the route «so that each long side is brought in a single scaffolding maneuver and over the reinforcement 609850/071 2 of the corresponding longitudinal bar or in contact with the prefabricated floor or its reinforcement is held in position, characterized in that, that the quick assembly of any long side with the help of removable, load-bearing pins is achieved, which are hung on the two horizontal beams of the scaffolding and latches according to the have different wall thicknesses, while the carrier latches in a very small module of about 15 cm exhibit. 4. General structure of the route to. Making the heavy Cells in a closed circuit, which has a certain number of work stations in front of which the tools pass by according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tool with two Long sides and a face plate is equipped when it is at the station for producing the bottom, and that the cells in the second part of the circuit are maximally equipped before their closure by the Cover is made with the help of a special feed and guide device. 5 · Device for dispensing concrete at the production station of the floor according to claims 1 and 4 with a telescopic conveyor with self-balancing feeding two channels with a vertical axis, characterized by that an additional frame slides on the end of the conveyor, which causes the swiveling of the channels, vibrating rails and carries a control platform and in turn slides over runners on the heads of pins of the racks, wherein the alternating blocking of the two sliding movements the transition of the concrete delivery in a line to a transverse bestredc hung allowed. B ü 9 8 5 Π / 0 7 1 2 6. Lateral cheeks for cladding the flanks of longitudinal beams at the station for making the floor, characterized in that it remains the outer Wear vibrators and firmly connected to the mold bottom molds by "hard" clamping and nesting are, while the connections with the scaffolding and the sealing connections are elastic, which together with the elastic connection of the molds with the mold bottom brings a limitation of the vibrating mass with it. 7 · "End" device of a conveyor system according to the claims 1 and 5, serving the "return" section of the route and its access zone, characterized in that the horizontally moving carriage carries a ball bearing ring, in the axis of which the lifting rope runs and on which a vertical, offset, telescopic arm is attached, which is provided in its lower part with a control platform is what the delivery, accompaniment and guidance of the loads during their installation by an operator as well as the Execution of finishes and joints on the fresh concrete of the floor allowed, and that the crane traverse is adapted to be attached to the upper part of the telescopic arm. 8. Equipment for the production of the reinforcement and the lower plate insulation of the floors according to claims 1 and 4, which allows production in a continuous rhythm, without having to wait for the wagons to arrive, characterized in that two movable, racks forming a catwalk carry consoles that reinforce the longitudinal beams via elevations and the Carrying self-supporting insulation over longitudinal steel rods. 609850/0712 2r- \ # -. 9. According to claims 1 and 4 produced cells that are closed on the ceiling by front panels, which are on the vertical peripheral and inner walls as well additional light metal supports of adjustable length, characterized in that the vertical walls have vertical recesses in the desired places, with widened recesses in the upper part, which in connection with the "front plate" system the insertion and insertion of complete electrical systems allowed, and that the horizontal reinforcing bars in the vertical walls are alternately bent, which allows the recesses to be arranged in the middle of the wall thickness, so that thin and strong walls can be formed at where the reinforcement is well embedded. 10. Process for the production of reinforced concrete slabs horizontally on formwork tables mounted on subframes, characterized by a formwork in a single operation, in which the form is lifted in the vertical, reducing the load through the plate and two additional rafters without mutual Sliding is transferred to the ground, the shape initially by a fraction of a millimeter is lifted off the ground and only comes into contact with it again when the shape is in the upper part of the Plate is removed. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that with protruding rods Reinforced mortar blocks are incorporated, which the reaction of the soil in the little solid reinforced concrete mass should be distributed and provided for their installation in the lower cheek rectangular recesses are. 609850/0712 _ 30-2622359 12. Form according to claim 10, with interchangeable counter-forms for cladding the openings of the different types of panels, characterized in that all forms are the same and can be used for different types and have the same cutout in the plate through which the primary in a lower level Cross members pass so that the counter-forms, which generally consist of at least two parts, easily and can be solid, as they are made of bent sheet metal and secondary ribs exist. 13. Horizontal work station and system for concreting according to claims 10 and 12, in which a cover (caissonnage) of the tables, counter-forms and Cheeks as well as a selective drying of the areas most stressed during the formwork at the same time the completion of the concreting and the finishing of the surface through a series arrangement, with the work station, which is also the drying station, is arranged between the ready-made cap and the storage stand and the two underlay belts are provided with grooves for guiding the wheels of the molds. Procedures for the construction of buildings with two floors, characterized in that before leaving the factory for storage, transport and the erection of a relatively light upper cell is connected to a heavy lower cell, the first cell being plugged onto the second cell and the lower cells of a building in one Distance from each other, which is twice the thickness of the upper floor walls plus a game of corresponds to about 3 cm. 609850/071 2 15 · Upper floor cell according to claim 14 in the form of a Lid without bottom, characterized in that that the unit of the cells of a building adjoining each other in the factory in a single operation be made that in this position the holes are drilled by pin connection allow the assembly made in the factory to be restored without adjustment, and that the transverse elements, namely two facades or two lofts and a roof structure, which are connected to one another in the contact levels by non-deformable elements, see above are calculated that the upper floor unit if the Cells at the construction site are brought closer together, connected with pins and put in by two post-tensioning rods At the height of the lower roof, can be lifted at the four corners without creating tension, which reach the elastic limit or subsequent deformations for the maneuvers. 16. Procedure for erecting and securing the upper floor unit a two-story building according to claim 14, according to which the cells with the aid of short winds in the Intermediate levels and long winches are lifted at the four corners, so that a unit according to claim 15 is formed that is attached to the cells floating slightly around the lower cells and through them during the lifting process guided corners is carried, characterized by g e k e η η that the upper storey walls in the end position nor overlap the ground floor over the height of the intermediate roof beams that the fastening in the intermediate levels achieved by crossbars that are supported on the ceilings, and on the circumference by bolts stressed by shear and that this attachment allows the re-use of the tension rods, which are only tools are. 609850/0712