DE2502670A1 - Roof comprising triangular elements for greenhouses - with through ventilation, heating and dust suppression - Google Patents

Abstract

Roof consisting of triangular elements for greenhouses and halls comprises ventilation means disposed on one or both sides of the ridge of the roof, symmetrically to the longitudinal or transverse axis of symmetry of the whole roof, in the form of valves which may act to extract or draw in air without being adjusted, pref. suspension valves, pivot valves or two-way valves. The ventilation means are pref. completely continuous, or at least continuous in sections. The horizontal support determining the height, normally profiled steel or frame work, is provided by latticed cross binders which extend beyond the roof top.

Description

Cap hall roof for greenhouses and halls.

Georg Höntsch D 471 Lüdinghausen Stadtfeld 24 Patent description

Triangular structures of approx. 4 πι are called caps Width and below and above, which - placed parallel to each other - form roofs. The individual ridges run horizontally; with each other they can also be horizontal (Fig. 1) or else weak (Fig. 2) or strong - graded as desk and saw blade roofs (Fig. 3) run (a slight gradient for the water drainage remains not taken into account in this labeling). The triangle of the cap can be symmetrical (Fig. 1) or unevenly asymmetrical at the same time (Fig. 2 + 3) formed aein. The covering is carried out with known, transparent, translucent, opaque, (solid) roofing materials in uniform or mixed Application, - ^ these coverings can be single-shell or ... teaching-shell be designed, for example, for reasons of "poor insulation. Depending Depending on the type of roofing, this is done on battens, rungs, purlins made of wood, - "itahl, aluminum, plastic or also without lip rungs. The roofings either require sealing materials or they can also be laid without sealing material, e.g. without putty. Any corrosion protection is possible, the design is column-supported (Fig. 1) or self-supporting (Fig. 2).

Such a canopy or a canopy is assessed qualitatively after :

1., the ventilation, cooling, dedusting intensity 2., the number d- ~ -r necessary supports, ■

3., the size of the airspace.

The canopy does poorly on these points and it is the purpose of the invention to remedy these drawbacks, in others Regarding, however, especially in the heating costs, Kappendn.ch is downright to be called ideal.

The mentioned disadvantages of the cap design can best be explained recognize it by its technical development t

609835/0389

25Q2670

Pig. 4A) shows the original form t J> m caps (3l) lined up

to a 24 m wide room supported by 7 columns (53). The room can only be accessed lengthways, ie only usable in the width of the cap, because the head height is missing in the transverse direction.
Pig. 4B): The roof of 4mb wide caps (32) already forms one

Improvement, because only 5 columns (53) are necessary, but they still allow the use of space very hinder. The head height has already been improved. Fig. 5A) shows a great advance by supporting a Double cap (3l) by a, in turn supported horizontal lintel (71) «The latter can be used as a profile support or trained as a truss aein. It just sings 3 supports (53) required over a width of 24 m ·.

Fig. 5B): With 4 πι wide caps (32) are according to the same design only 2 rows of supports (53) needed; at the same time, however, the limit of economic viability is also reached the strength of the required fall (7l) «Should the fall consist of profile steel, it must be greatly oversized if visible deflections are to be avoided should be. Because of the question of costs, trusses must therefore be used (71) can be used, the much greater overall height of which restricts the necessary head height. To the latter with. at least 2.0 m, the side walls and all supports and stems must be thick enough to match the height of the Truss (7l) are increased. However, this increase and the resulting increase in price come from the minimum amount not benefit; the use of the hall space remains limited.

However, the ventilation has major disadvantages in all of the versions mentioned. It consists of many individual flaps (41 , 42) in a staggered arrangement, the operation and ventilation of which do not meet the slightest requirements of today's technology. Solving all of this "simply differently" encounters great difficulties of a constructive nature, especially in terms of price.

609835/0389

, 3.

: Shouldn't the cap construction method be a cheap construction in order to cope with the ailing greenhouse horticulture, but especially that To create a livelihood for vegetable growing under glass

a) through cheaper, if possible also improved construction execution,

b) by saving fuel.

By the proposed invention, the shortcomings are not only eliminated, but it -vird the canopy, respectively. the cap hall is at least placed on a par with the normal greenhouse with great demands.
The means for this are the following t

Fig. 6a, 6b, 6C: Only one ventilation is used per cap, (50 $ savings!), But applied in such a way that from the central axis of the room - the .ventilation of the The left side is a mirror image of the ventilation on the right side and the directions of rotation are mirror images Have openings. This enables the ventilation to be completely or almost completely continuous (instead of the 2nd Individual flaps) and thus their ventilation performance to multiply and central operation of the ventilation, possibly even automatically controlled to apply.

Fig. 8: The ventilation -..- effect inside the room is with this arrangement still enormously improved and increased by the fact that the ventilation installed according to the invention inevitably inside ordered, invertebrate, parallel air currents and every possibility of forming a "hot." Exclude the head ". What stands out now is that this work independently and with the same effects, at the same time whether the wind flow at Firatlage north-south of Y / e'dt runs east or east to west. Each of the ventilations can therefore be both as Supply air, like working as an exhaust air opening.

Since these processes only take place in the roof area, it arises no drafts in the floor area; but the cooling air above is probably trickling due to its purely physical nature • Heaviness down and displaces the warm air sitting there.

609835/0389

Fig. 7 »Compare the directly incorrect arrangement, Training and mode of operation of today's room ventilation systems, for example greenhouse vents. One recognizes the /

completely random, mutually influencing and inhibit air movements, because the inlet opening has excess pressure and is not at all able to take in air, respectively. to vent. When there is no wind, the ventilation (better warming) effect becomes even more questionable »Can the outside and therefore cooler outside air penetrate inside at the standing wall ventilation at all if it has to stiffen for this, but is heavier? The only thing that can be said about the ventilation in the second ship is that it is unclear and therefore poor ^ ₁ . In the 6D version, the vents or individual vents can even be set vertically so that the ventilation effect is given even when there is no wind, again in a purely physical way, i.e. by automatically balancing the heavy cooling air with the lighter warm air. 9A, 9b, 9C: If, according to FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, one alternates between caps with brook ventilation (72) and those without roof ventilation (73) and the latter is provided with gable ventilation (49), there is an automatic all-round ventilation, all 9 wind directions EW / EO-NW / SN / S \ 1 - NE / WO / NW - SO / NS / WO - SV /, including all Weßhsel and rotary winches and Z-.vischen positions. There are several forms of gable ventilation. Those are to be selected that are effective both as supply air and exhaust air openings without conversion, ie have the same properties as the original roof air below. Fig.loA is known in the form of the standing flap and the swivel

wing; but does little.
Fig.loC «simple design as a short reversible flap; but good in ventilation, less good in ventilation.

Fig. LoB: As a new embodiment according to the invention, the one according to Fig.loB claimed. The gable wall is expressed above or she is built at an angle from the start and has a veneer flap (49) - ^ s is optional, the gable ventilation only to be attached to the caps (73) or over the entire Hausbr-e.ite to

The interposition of permanently glazed caps brings additional benefits a / reduction of the total costs of the hall.

With such a ventilation, not only is the V / ind, but also the sun is the triggering factor. Behind the sunlit On the surface, the warmest air in the interior must form exactly opposite, and therefore the coolest air in the interior, inevitably Because for physical reasons of weight, the cooler because heavier air will enter and the warm because drive out lighter air, - ^ he inevitability - one can gnaw: the instrumentless automatic - this is the remarkable thing Ventilation that works by itself on normal and weak, alternating, and jJrehv / ina. Should the sun and V / ind now act contrary,

so the greatest influence of both decides. f

The all-round ventilation is at the same time equal to itself; na3siry on -the Flat and evenly thick area ventilation, completely independent of the number of caps respectively. Size of the area, (in contrast to ventilation Fig. 7)

II. ',

With regard to ventilation, all questions appear to be resolved by the idea according to the invention. The structural relationships in -ciezug auf! 'Angel at head height due to the horizontal lintel and the still limited, “unsupported width of the ^i; aumes, connected with relative # r ° ^sser ^ number of supports. There is the rule of thumb that the - ^ reite height of a. ^ itterbinder must have l / lo to l / l2 of the self-supporting span in order to be statically sufficient. In the following we take the smock who l / ll and assume the minimum head height of 2.o. m ^ from, then get: ■ itself »... -

a.) in iffig. 5B with 2 pieces of 4m caps there is a self-supporting tower length of 8 m. With a minimum head height of 2.oo m with a lintel profile of I 14o minimum, this results in a real eaves height of 2.14 m. _Q

' OO

b) If a truss is used, it is 11 = ο 73 wide, i.e. the head height of 2.oo m necessitates an increase in eaves 0.73 · -Uie costs by increasing the glass surface, the Tie rods and the supports - and thus also the borrowing costs look yourself. Additional loads have to be taken into account and cannot reduce loads (snow, Vfind, DIN 11535) » be claimed, then it will be unfavorable

Hoch -rü3 «er, rl.h. it · ή.τά recognizable that a self-supporting structure of 12 m cannot be achieved with this type of construction, because it is necessary to glue an outer girder width of 12/11 = I.o9 -, "". right.

The present invention also solves the remaining pulpit. ^r iit folc; onden means.

1.) The horizontal lintels restricting the head height - yeii = n es those made of profile steel or half-timbered, v; earth replaced by, ^ itterbinder, which according to the invention ran in the Kappenraura, i.e. above head height and an underside strap at eaves height and one in ο on capped peaks current top chord beuitzon.iJie the Λ-raftpunkte diagonals connecting pre-run thus in "accordance nit the Kappen pros sen, be betw ... they can even be used as a cap sprouts, who · .e'n;.. the result is (Jas η I self-supporting cap roof au3, for example Fig.HA, 113): 3 caps each 4 πι wide. ■ ■■ - ■

It is now on ^u around f; rö3serer keys,. ^ Rösserer opann.veiten, etc. Ciie 'Jeaetzi ^ ity between cap hones and lattice trusses not comes to a: / ceonetrischen penetration of the cap cross-sections with egg jflbene ucr ⁽ ^ itterbinder (Fig. HD).
2.)! -Yes.

a) the continuous inside lies on the lower belt (Fig, HB or hanging on the lower chord (Fig. 'HD, 12 A)

b) dor - '' the red of the cap hangs on the upper strap (Fig. 12B)

c) the jury ring lies between the upper and lower chords (Fig. 12C). This influences the length of the rotating shaft for the cap ventilation, be it that it is at the ^ itterbinderdiago-; nale hangs (Fig. 12A), or lies on the same (Fig. 12B), or passes through the point of contraction (Fig. 12C).

d) The distance dependencies between ünter _o -urt (8o) to the upper chord (Bl) at constant cap shape, or different spans shows Fi -.- ur 13, wherein the cap is assumed to be sitting on hanging girder (3o) or on the latter.

e) Figure 14 A. and 14 B show the longitudinal views of X ¹ Ig. 13. Fieren 14 C and I4D the gl-.iiche -iber in Jer variant that the cap on the upper _; - urt (81) of the tether binder hangs according to the execution. 12 B.

onnoOC / η O O Q

3.) This system is of course also determined by the shape, design, pitch of the canopy and size of the canopy, by the weight of the Xanppenein ·! the coverage and the length / length of the self-supporting caps. Kan can push the development as far as he likes 1 for this is irtochaftlichkeit, architecture et al. Ma.:givend. ^ is about 2om = 5 ^x 4 m caps, the ^ experienced but unbeatable economically nit 3 roof and gable ventilation or

2 roof and 3 gable ventilation holes.

4.) From 24 π you can e.g. 2 cap holes of 12 m each in 3m caps Use with a center support. (Pig. I5) in this case nit

3 caps, (Fig. 17C) here - the advantage of the invention (ioda-'kens kraas. I. But even more if one compares the with the normal house from 2 ships each 12m- draws.

üeisp.el: 6x4 caps 2x (3x) 4 caps 2xl2m house

w. supports w. ^ itterbinder normal construction

Base 0.26 0.26 0.26

31 ehwand 1.74 -. 1.74 1.74

Eaves or

Head height 2.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m

Height -.85 -.85 " -3.6ö

Total height 2.05 m 2.85 m 5 οο m

The height difference 2.15 to 2. ^ο βίίβη corresponds to a ffias area of 4 x 2.I5 x 1.2 - I0.3 square meters of glass surface per 1 running meter house; only at + 18 ° and ^inner: only - lo ° outside and 3o Hauslän rm .-: e corresponds to a heat of Windeutzug I0.3 6 χ χ χ 3ο 28 = about 54 ° ^f o ° VVlD per hour. According to the current provisions of the laws in most German countries, Kauten with -jiner Firath .he of 3 · 5πι without a building permit; -and thus without statues and building blocks that are very expensive _; ravens are erected, but there are already countries which have raised the limit to 4 · o m.

The last step follows from this: the ^x 'r. This gives Ilan a "rooftop air hall with a larger head height than the! Ornalhaus, but retains a fuel; t & u enta .eht do.s passable Ern oe ^ dw-vvciishaus, l .-. ngs,.: uer umi \ dinrorial with iii,; ün and machines for -rdwecliuel, JJ. n.; ung, "i5p ''lati2; un. - ^ rdamping u.jw. almost ./iü in fr-: iem field.

R 0 9 8 3 B / Π 3 8 9

Z3UZ0 / U page if

For this purpose the corresponding Einfahrtmcglichkeiten as'i'ore or hocziehbare gable or the like to be created Of course, in order to achieve the V lleffekt _o.

5.) In terms of construction can gutters - "reiecksform or ^ nstenform plastic, otahl or any materials are selected ^ ic .Diagonalen the" itter binder made the ^w economic, bumpers, - / inkelhebel us. the flap or swing wing or end flap vent.

^ ie ** i Lterbinder can also be made from Kohrprofile, and then by means of hot air or hot water of the room heating or. serve to cool the room by means of cooled air.

6.) In the same doorway between Kappenhäuserri, Kappenhallen and In normal greenhouses, note the much more effective ventilation, which is fully equivalent to multi-aisled houses lends, at.-rösster; 2inspatorung of the built-up area. On the Partition wall ventilation can and should without restriction of ventilation ■ effect can be dispensed with entirely.

7.) One or more supports are required due to the width and

if these are not exactly in the middle axis of symmetry, either an asymmetrical installation must be accepted or the support design can be selected in a T-shape (Fig. 9A).

8.) 'More advantages * Today The halls require aeration and ventilation, With you tungjKlimatiijierung, automation of extensive electrical Installations with lamp suspensions, "Vorschalttferägen, Call cable trays with bundles of cables etc. their installations enormous shadow effects Light diminution in the Kappenhalle offers the already necessary channels for this, which in contrast to the previous method, the shadowless'

• -ν-.

Greenhouse is created (Pig. 17C). '

■ "he undesired warming by the Lanpen and their transformer devices In most cases it forces the front-end devices to be installed outside the room, which increases the installation costs. They stay at the Kappenhalle Switchgear on and above the lamp, because its heat will be immediately and automatically discharged through the roof ventilation.

9 ») 0ft certain sky directions are ^preferred: those preferred - ^ ei glass houses, for example the Kord-Süd axis.Zwin,; t now the" rundatück! " This is different with the cap, the cap direction can be in any axis or in

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• 5.

advertise the set to Sun rotated axis.

lo.) Fig. 16 shows an approx. d / \. m wide hall in which instead of 6 pieces of 4 m caps 8 pieces of 3 m caps are used. 18t -Ihe inclined walls offering additional ventilation allow, according to FIG. 18, the use of 4 ventilating caps and 2 ventilating caps FIG. 22 compared to 4 ventilating and 2 ventilating caps (FIG. 22), that is, a reduction in price.

Fig.2o marks the erfinungsgemässen thought of G _r osskappen (junction to ships) on the basis of 4 ^ Tück large caps to 6m = 24 π · Here the ventilation on ^ is approximately the length of the roof side no longer perform einscheibig, rather zweischeibig or einscheibig + 1 fixed field. ^ ■ ^ he ventilation quality is already somewhat reduced. .. · ■ 4 ^ rosskapappen is the maximum that can be achieved on this construction basis. The savings in heating are lower than with the normal cap.

Fig. 19 - ^ i e ^ chwingflugistteilung (45) moves between Upper and lower belt, - ^ ie up to the vertical itself opening reversible flap ventilation (46) exceeds upper. , and lower chord. It must therefore split according to Fig. 19 . either in the lower or in the upper area. If you want to avoid this, then the "end flap hung between the binders. (Fig. 191 left).

ll.) * Great progress can also be made with space. For example, the design 21 BBB missing in Palm houses often \ the desired high space in midfield. A horizontal bridge made of caps can remedy this deficiency in a simple and inexpensive way. (Fig. 21A. .. ■ -....

12.) ^ He standing walls can be vertical, inclined inwards or inclined to be built to the outside. In the latter case, the installation of allows additional ventilation (Fig. 2o, 21,22).

13 ·) Sinngeraäss can also use this type of construction for exposable or ventilated or halls that can be exposed and ventilated can be used in pure solid construction or in mixed solid construction (Fig. 22), parts (90) can be wall surfaces, parts (89) can be solid surfaces. 14.) The fuel costs force horticulture, for example Closing down of houses in the cold months. Such houses are threatening a snow load that is not taken into account in the statics.

The design Fig. 23 · "" helps here by permanently opening the 2 vents a snow bag cannot form anywhere.

15.) Fig. 24 allows the height comparison of self-supporting cap halls 8 m, 12 m, 16 m and 2 m with corresponding normal buildings to and thus also a heating co3tenver., slightly | because the latter are proportional to the overall height.

AA

List of drawings and figures, abbreviations. Sheet 1 Figure 1 -.

■ ι

3 ■ - · ■ " ¹¹ 4 A 4 B ■ '-'

page 2

Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6

dd 5A 9A 5B 6C 6D 6CD Figure 6a
7th
" 8th loA
HA 6B 90 Il HD
12A 9B loC
HC ti 13th
14A praise
HB 12C It
It 12B 14C 14D ti
Il 14B

ßj att 7 " Digits » >. ■ ■ - * ^ ·
3m cap 15th * 31 4m cap 16 32 17A 17B 17C 33 18th ti 34 19th It 35 2o Il 36 21A 21B Sheet 8 " 37 22nd 38 23 39 24 4o ti ti It 6m cap / ship Sheet 9 " 8m cap / ship 12ra -. '5chiff ti 16m boat 2om ship • 'Rosshalle

41 small hanging flap on both sides

42 gross ""

43 small "one-sided

44 Krusty "two-sided

45 continuous double wing or reversible flap on one side

46 full-length reversible flap on one side

47 Standing wall ventilation

48 roof area

49 Gable ventilation

50 binders

enoon

Room ffern 51 Tie handle 52 Tie bar 53 support 54 T-shaped support 55 Drawstring 56 ! '' irs t. 57 '.iinne 58 Purlin 59 ^; '.T) axle rungs 6ο Upright / and rung 61 Rotating shaft

70 profile lintel

71 timber lintel

72 Canopy ventilates

73 "not ventilating

80 Lower chord .-. ■ ···. ■

81 Upper chord _: ■

82 diagonals -

83 ^ itterbinder

84 Sloping wall · on the gable

85 "on longitudinal wall 06 Over slope · - - - <- ■

87 Irradiation + electrical installation

88 cones of light

89 Fund coverage

90 Wall "■ '·" · ·

Abbreviations "Wind Wi = -East 0 south S. West "'; V! ■ '- North N Southwest SV / '- 'Kord-Ost NO '' ■ - Measure of length χ = "'■ Ilaster ϊϊ Glass Eq. =

Claims (1)

Patent application: Kapt> clad roof for greenhouses and halls. Patent to speak Cap hall roof for greenhouses and halls, not one-sided to the ridges and opposite the longitudinal or transversal symmetry line of the Ge-santdacnes side quality exchanged biizw. ! mirror-inverted ventilation, which means that each flap can have a ventilating or venting effect without having to be changed (Fig. 6k- 6Ώ, 8) ah, s, . for ySL. .Cap hall roof patent claim /, characterized in that the ventilation can be designed as Jan ^ ekläppen, as swing wings or as -'endeklappen. (Fig. Βλ - 6d) L'appen hall roof - patent claim ^^^ characterized in that the ventilation is completely continuous, but at least in sections is completely continuous (Fig. 6A - 6B) Cap hall roof named also Patentansp ^ rxn5? P, characterized in that Except for caps with ventilation, those without ventilation can be installed (Fig. 9A) ^ __ ^. Cap hall roof claim, thereby g-ekonnzeiclinet that these ventilation-less caps have no gable vent holes on both sides pass away, so that one triggered by the sun and / or wind automatically working all-round ventilation and surface ventilation together with the roof ventilation gaps, because the gable ventilation gaps also arise without Uras division ventilation and exhausting are built. (Fi;?. 9B 9C ΙοΛ Β C) Cap hall roof 'claim, characterized in that that these loading and cntli: f tending Giefcelflachen formed inclined-standing or can be brought into this inclined position by pushing them out, be it in single or continuous form construction (Fig. 49 Io3) Jet. Caps / allendach according to ji & fif patent claim ^ characterized by the fact that small fundamentals are available and supports made of ear and the like are available to wedge the latter under beams, legs, nodes, etc., in order to prevent disasters not to exceed the underlying legal assumptions 609835/0389 \ Cap hall roof p * cc \\ j ^ n. Patent claim / ^ characterized /, - e denotes that the Kaspenachse'n tore independently of the Hall engrund and from fler tvo. ^ C. \ Ien Konstrul
Vtirla.call (.90) rl er trai'di-ien construction in the same direction or rotated by 9 ° Kapr: Gnhallends.ch door ÜGViichsh.'iuser und ^ raiien, whose supporting, the aunhbhe reducing horizontal beams are replaced by Nuerlp.ufende Sitt-srbindereiferen Fora either nit the Cap Forra übe.-eininint ·. O'.ier ^ ire with the caps geometric ^ urciidringungon "form, in je> af? m? all abor the same grid as the caps" '" a: "f-.73is ^" ^ (> i £ r. HA - D / l2A - C / 13 / 14A -.D / U JX?. ~ Xappenhallcndach according to ^ d-öa patent claim / ^ characterized in that 'iie' caps or ^r -'eile dieüor caps z./is'chen the! Jittor- ■■■ · "" ■. 'binders hang (19) " Sf- ^ Ps? ''- ~ j JZ> I'appeniiallendach nach d ^ gn Po.tentanü claim ^, characterized in that ^ 3 Auostattungsn \ rie eg ^ eatingraiilungslampen and accessories, 31ektroinatallationen, ^. are ^ irt derCiitterbindGr hanging Hinnen as T _r äger on 2 or more columns mounted, so that a nearly shadowless iiaum created and unwanted "ärmeentv ^ ents immediately achlüftungen from the nominal end at the ilinnen i) discharged; ^ü ntör 7 / er'ien ''"i-LÖnnen (Fig. 1,7C) '""." - ·, ... '".?" .... .'Lappenhal lend ach & ^^^ i ^ K patent claim ^ characterized in that the cover is earmarked, uniform o ..; he ge: -. Ischt takes place in I.'assiv _T durchscliein ^ nd, transparent ', heat-changing "· - or the like with or without devices for venting and ventilation , 3rit- and '"- humidificationi" "degassing,' shading-".; ~ , v / offor the structural parts of the caps and the üitterbintler serve as a support or as a base (Pig. 21A B, 22) 6 0983 5/0389