DE2417386A1 - PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A HEAT EXCHANGE VESSEL - Google Patents

Description

-— ** ^ Patent Attorneys "* · -

Dipl. Ing. F. Weickmann, Y * -. '' ^Λ Dipl. Ing. H. Weickmann, Dipl. Phys. Dr. K. Fincke Dipl. Ing. F. A. Weiskmann, Dipl. Cham. B. Huber

8 Munich 27, Möhlstr. 22nd

& Cie.
ue you:
54001 Hancy, France.

9, avenue du 20 ^e Corps

0207 74- B

Process for the production of a heat exchange

vessel.

The invention "relates to a method of manufacture of a vessel, in particular for heat exchangers, chemical reaction vessels, fermentation vessels or the like, with a flow circuit for an exchange medium which is in contact with the side wall and / or the bottom or bottoms of the vessel, this flow circuit being formed by hydroforming a thin sheet, i.e. by injecting a pressure medium under the thin sheet metal into spaces, which are separated by one or more, one or more {dividing lines of elements of the flow circuit forming weld lines are limited.

Of the methods of the prior art, in particular that is known in which around the side wall of a vessel around a thin sheet is attached, which beforehand, e.g. by drawing, the shape of the circle for the circulation of a fluid. around this wall.

The attachment of this flow circuit to the side wall of the vessel can be done e.g. by welding along the dividing lines of elements of the circle.

Recent procedures involving the modification of the above and expensive procedures are to use a thin sheet metal flat against a thick sheet along the dividing lines of

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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To weld elements of the flow circuit to be maintained, to "form the circle by hydroforming the thin sheet, i. by injecting a pressure medium between the thin sheet and the thicker sheet in the boundaries defined by these dividing lines Space to then make the formation of the double wall thus obtained in order to create a side wall and / or base for the vessel form, and finally to unite the bottoms with the side wall to form the entire vessel.

These methods have certain disadvantages, in particular the following:

The possibilities of hydroforming between

two flat sheets, in order to give the thinner sheet the desired shape of the flow circuit, are severely limited by the fact that if the pressure of the injected pressure medium is too high, there is a risk of deforming the thicker sheet as well. This risk can be restricted by, for example, that the thickness of the thicker sheet is increased, or that devices are provided for holding the sheet during the hydroforming, as in certain bekan nt s method, which, however, a difficulty of manufacture and an increase in the costs for Consequence would have.

Also offer the bending of the thus obtained

double wall to form the side wall of the vessel and the drawing of such a double wall to form the bottoms serious difficulties, on the one hand due to the relatively great rigidity of the double '// and, and on the other hand, because of their greater sluggishness. Also is the thin sheet is sensitive, and there is a risk that it will be deformed during the bending and drawing processes, so that the The flow circuit cannot be given the exact shape desired.

The invention aims to remedy these ilaeix parts, for which they subject a procedure of the above kind to sram has, which is characterized in that the thin sheet along one or more welding lines flaöiiliesena at a thicker sheet is welded, which is to form the side wall and / or the bottom or bottoms of the vessel that the two metal sheets thus combined are given the shape desired to form the side wall and / or the bottom of the vessel

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will that the side wall and the bottoms to form the actual Vessel are combined, and that finally, after the actual vessel has been completely assembled, a Pressure medium under the thin sheet, i.e. between the side wall and / or the bottom of the vessel and this thin sheet, into the Tree is injected, which is limited by the weld lines to form the flow circle, this last Step of the process no means to hold or to Support is used to prevent deformation of the thicker sheet metal during hydroforming, this process being used for this is also characterized in that the position of the welding of the dividing lines is chosen correctly, in particular as a function of the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the shear strength of the thin sheet and the thicker sheet.

Thanks to this process, the risk of deformation of the thicker sheet is practically eliminated, since yes the hydroforming of the thin sheet metal only after bending and drawing is made. It can therefore as a result of the increase in the forces required for buckling the thicker sheet metal a relatively light, thick sheet metal can be used.

Furthermore, bending is used to produce the

Side wall and / or the pulling to make the floors easier, as this is done with the exit of sheet metal still lying flat, which thus have a lower inertia hydroforming takes place last.

It is also clear that thanks to this

Process and for the same reason the flow circuit can give the exact desired shape.

Finally, you get thanks to the appropriate

Choice of the position of the welding seams of the dividing lines, in particular as a function of the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the shear strength of the thin sheet and the thicker sheet Surprising result, namely that no support or support means are required to prevent deformations of the thicker sheet metal to prevent during hydroforming.

This result is particularly surprising

as the manufacturers of vessels with a flow circuit had no idea that the choice of the position of the weld seams of the parting lines is of the greatest importance when every shearing of the thin sheet metal

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should be avoided at the point of the weld seams.

This feature of the invention brings a particularly interesting advantage with it, which consists in that you can use small series of vessels and even individual ones as needed Can produce vessels with a wide variety of dimensions without incurring tool costs. If namely holder would be required for the thicker sheet, these would have to be numerous and changed frequently to accommodate exactly every vessel size to comply with what would cause excessive costs

According to one form of practice of the invention the dividing line or the dividing lines are formed along interrupted weld lines.

This characteristic, although permitted, makes

one or more continuous dividing lines between the elements of the flow circuit, the welding more economical and faster. Furthermore, the leaks between two adjacent elements of the circle are through the spaces between two successive interrupted weld seams compared to the main flow rate flowing in the circle negligible.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the method according to the invention is when the flow circuit on the outside of the side wall and / or the floor of the vessel is formed, characterized in that the weld of the thin sheet lying flat on the thicker sheet Sheet metal takes place point by point, and that before the execution of each welding point between the welding means and the Hole a reinforcing disk or the like. Is brought, in particular from a suitable with regard to its shear strength Material.

The welding material can be formed, for example, by a welding electrode.

The above feature still offers the surprising advantage that the shear strength of the thin sheet is considerable to enlarge, and at low cost, because a simple, e.g. made of steel, washer is in place of each welding point is sufficient. Furthermore, the welding is made even easier and faster.

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This feature could also be used

if the flow circuit is established on the inner surface of the side wall and / or the bottom of the vessel, its expediency but becomes especially in the case of an outer circle of currents clear, since in this case the thin sheet is exposed to particularly high shear forces at the point of the welding points is ·

According to a particularly advantageous form of exercise of the method according to the invention, a pressure medium is introduced into the vessel during the hydroforming of the flow circuit injected.

This measure increases the risk of

Deformation of the thicker sheet metal during hydroforming is even further reduced, since this pressure medium is injected into the vessel forms a counterpressure which exerts forces on the wall which are opposed to the external forces which act on it can act during hydroforming.

To carry out this last step, a pressurized medium can be used, e.g. water, and a larger deformation of the thin sheet metal to precisely produce the desired flow circuit produce, which apparently significantly expands the possibilities of hydroforming

According to a special type of exercise of the inventive In the process, the continuous dividing lines are designed in a serpentine manner, in particular for formation the flow circuit of the side wall of the vessel.

This training makes it possible to obtain a flow circuit of great length with little space requirement, because the successive elements of the circle are evenly distributed over all or part of the side wall Surface lines lie.

According to another type of exercise, a continuous dividing line in the form of a spiral is formed.

This training is especially intended for the formation of the flow circle of the bottoms of the vessel also makes it possible to obtain a flow circuit of great length with a small footprint. The spiral can be easy be formed by starting from the center and

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gradually to the extent, e.g. with a constant pace.

The invention is described below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

Pig. 1 is a perspective view showing a thin sheet and a thick sheet during lay flat Welding according to a form of exercise of the invention Method shows, where the thick sheet metal is to form the side wall of a vessel.

Fig. 2 is a plan view showing a thin Sheet metal and a thicker sheet metal during the flat-lying welding of the method according to the invention shows thick sheet metal is intended to form a vessel bottom.

3 is a side view of a vessel manufactured according to the method according to the invention.

FigA is a plan view of a bottom of the The vessel of FIG. 3

Fig. 5 is a half section along the line V-V of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a schematic side view

one according to another form of exercise of the invention Process produced vessel.

Fig. 7 shows the addition of a reinforcement washer at a welding point "

In Fig. 1, 1 is a rectangular sheet

denotes which ζ · Β · a thickness of 3 ™ a nat and for later Formation of the side wall of the vessel is determined »

On this sheet 1 is a flat lying

thin sheet 2 arranged, which is also rectangular, and whose dimensions are slightly smaller than those of sheet 1 sincL The die of this sheet 2 is ζ »Β _β 8/10 na»

The thin sheet 2 is then _{fastened to the thicker sheet 1 S} by using a conventional method _B sB, rolling, HaJxtsehweissuiig or dglo _P connecting beads © along continuous welding lines 3 near the edges of the thin sheet 2 and along also continuous welding line 4 produces which correspond to the dividing lines of the neighboring elements of the flow circle ^ which one wishes to produce, so that this circle ζ _β Β _β

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To produce the floors (Pig. 2) is a thin sheet 5 of e.g. 8/10 mm thickness flat on a likewise circular thicker sheet 6 with a thickness of e.g. 3 mm and a slightly larger diameter, with the two Sheet metal is given such a position that their centers coincide, whereupon, e.g. by means of a seam welding, a continuous Peripheral welding liner 7 near the edge of the thin Sheet 5 is produced, and finally a likewise continuous one spiral weld line 8 along a dividing line 9 of the .Elemente of the flow circuit, which for the bottom of the vessel should be produced.

After the union of the sheets 1,2 as well

6, 7 is the curvature of the side wall 1-2 by bending and the Curvature of the bottoms 5-6 made by pulling.

This bulge takes place comfortably as a result of the relatively small thickness and the relatively low inertia of the sheets, as well as due to the fact that from flat lying Sheet metal is assumed.

Furthermore, the thin sheet remains during the

The bending process and the drawing process are pressed firmly against the thicker sheet metal, and there is no risk of deformation because the different welding lines 3, 4, 7 and 8 one enough ensure a firm connection.

When the side wall and floors are the one you want Shape, the two ends of the side wall will be together connected, e.g. by a weld seam made along a surface line, and the floors are attached at the two open ends of the side wall, e.g. also by welding.

After completion of this process, hydroforming takes place of the flow circuit by injecting pressurized water between the thin sheet and the thick sheet in the through the Dividing line or the dividing lines of the elements of the flow circuit limited space made. This injection can easily be done through an open end of the flow circuit, the the other end is temporarily closed.

Since the hydroforming is carried out on curved metal sheets will j, the risk of deformation of the sheets is under

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the effect of the pressure of the injected between the dividing lines Water is reduced considerably, since the forces required for buckling the thick metal sheets are thereby considerably reduced increase·

A vessel 10 produced in accordance with the above is shown schematically in a side view in FIG. 3 shown

In this figure the side wall are with

11 and the elements of its flow circuit are designated by 12. The lower and upper bottoms of the vessel are marked 13 and 14, respectively and the elements of their flow circuits are denoted by 15 and 16, respectively.

As can be seen from the figure, the

Sidewall flow circle serpentine. At 17 and 18 an input connector and an output connector are shown respectively, which are attached to the corresponding ends of the pipe coil, e.g. by welding, the input connector 17 with is connected to a source (not shown) for a heating medium or a coolant

At 19 and 20 is the input connector

or the output connector shown, which is connected to the corresponding Ends of the spiral flow circuit of the lower tray 13 are attached, and at 21 and 22 to the corresponding Ends of the spiral flow circuit of the upper tray 14 attached input connectors or output connectors, the upper floor is shown in plan view in FIG.

The input connectors 19 and 21 are

also connected to the source, not shown, for a heating medium or a coolant.

In Fig. 3 are also at 23 and 24

the input connector or the output connector for the fluid flowing in the vessel is shown.

If you close the passage with one of these connectors, you can get into the vessel through the Introduce a pressure medium, e.g. compressed air, into the other connector, the pressure of which can reach the test pressure of the vessel. These Iiuf t exposes the inner walls of the vessel to outwardly directed forces, which act on them during hydroforming counteract external inward forces. This allows the risk of deformation of these in-

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inner walls to limit and the pressure of the hydrofoiming to increase the pressure medium used accordingly, and thus to generate a greater deformation of the thin metal sheets to form the flow circuit.

Fig. 6 shows schematically a according to a

other type of exercise of the process according to the invention Vessel 25.

The upper floor 26 has a floor 13

14 and 14 of the vessel 10 similar to the arched shape, but it is formed by a simple wall without a flow circuit.

The lower floor 27 has the shape of a

Cone with a connector 28 provided, downward directed tip, the base of which is connected to the perimeter of the side wall.

The flow circuit of the side wall 29 is

formed by two sheaths 30 and 31, each of which is only about part of the height of the side wall and about slightly less than extend half their circumference. These coats are schematic with theirs at 32 and 33 shown inlets connected to a source of a heat exchange medium, which by a schematically common outlet shown at 34

As can be seen from the figure, the

Anschweissung the thin sheet on the thick sheet along intermittent weld lines made 35, which makes welding easier and more economical, being, however, to 5 'enables the production of continuous parting lines of the elements of the circle as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, this Grant snake shape, since the section of the sheet metal lying between two successive weld seams lying in alignment is not deformed.

The flow circle of the lower conical

Bottom 27 is formed by two other jackets 36 and 37, which are arranged like the jackets 30 and 31 of the side wall. These jackets are represented by their diagrams at 38 and 39, respectively Inlets connected to a source of heat exchange medium, which is represented by a schematically at 40 common exit

As can be seen from the figure, the thin sheet was welded to the thick sheet by means of points

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4-1. The welding points are arranged in such a way that they fit the flow circuit of the lower bottom also give the shape of a snake, with practically the same advantages as in the manufacture of the flow circuit of the side wall are obtained.

In the case of spot welding, it can be

be massive, as shown in Fig. 7, reinforcing washers made of steel to be arranged at the points where the welding points 41 are to be produced.

This is because this measure results in a considerable increase in the mechanical strength of the thin one Sheet 2, because the washers allow liming forces to be limited, by converting them into tensile and bending forces.

The use of reinforcement washers in places where spot welding is to be carried out, is of course not limited to the embodiment of FIG. 6, but can also be used for other forms of entertainment be in which the continuous or interrupted Weld seams are replaced by weld points, especially when attaching the thin sheet to the formation the side wall of the vessel certain thick sheet metal »

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Claims (1)

PATCH APPLICATION 1 ·) Process for the production of a vessel, in particular for heat exchangers, chemical reaction vessels, fermentation vessels or the like, with; a flow circuit for one with the side wall and / or in contact with the bottom or bottoms of the vessel standing exchange medium, in which this flow circuit is created by ly & roforming a thin sheet, i.e. by injecting a pressure medium under the thin sheet metal into the seams, which are delimited by one or more welding lines which form one or more dividing lines between elements of the flow circuit, characterized in that the thin sheet lying flat by means of one or more welding seams is attached to a thicker sheet, which is used to form the side wall and / or the bottom or bottoms of the vessel it is determined that the sheets united in this way have the desired shape for the formation of the side wall and / or the bottom of the vessel is given that the side wall and the bottom are combined to form the actual vessel, and that Finally, after the actual vessel has been fully assembled, apply pressure to the thin one. Injected sheet metal i.e. between the side wall and / or the bottom of the vessel and the thin sheet metal into the space delimited by the weld lines in order to form the flow circuit, with the latter in the last step of the procedure no means of carrying or supporting to prevent the deformation of the thicker sheet metal is used during hydroforming, whereby the method for this purpose is also characterized in that the position of the welds of the dividing lines is appropriate is chosen, in particular in function / modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength and the shear strength of the thin sheet and of the thicker sheet. - 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the dividing lines lie on interrupted weld seams 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow circuit on the outside of the side wall and / or the bottoms of the Vessel is formed, characterized in that the " AO9849 / 0699 The flat, thin sheet is welded to the thicker sheet by spot welding ₉ and that a reinforcing disk (42) or the like made of a material that is particularly suitable with regard to its shear strength is placed between the welding means and the thin sheet before each welding point is made 4 · Method according to claim 3? characterized, that in the vessel during the hydroforming of the flow circuit a pressure medium is injected® 5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the continuous dividing lines are executed in serpentine form, in particular to form the Flow circle of the side wall of the vessel » 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a continuous dividing line is produced in the form of a spiral _f in particular to form the flow circle of the bottoms of the vessel * 7. Vessel, especially for heat exchangers, chemical heating vessels, fermentation vessels or the like., With a flow circuit produced by hydroforming for a with its side wall and / or with its bottom or bottoms in Fluid in contact, characterized in that it is produced according to the method according to one of Claims 1 to 6 is. 409849/069 , ti. Empty line 11e