DE2361088A1 - ELECTRIC LAMP - Google Patents

Description

PATENTANWÄLTE 8900 Augsburg-Göggingen, the

von-Eichendorf f-StraB · TO

dr.ing. E. LIEBAU

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DIPL. ING. Previous year L-IEl D / \ U (please specify in response)

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Thorn Electrical Industries Limited Thorn House., Upper Saint Martin's Lane, London WC2H 9ED / England

Electric. lamp

The invention relates to the melting of housings or pistons of electrical devices. The invention is too Applicable to the manufacture of such devices as lamps, switches, relays, tubes and the like, their housings are to be filled with gas or evacuated.

An electrical device according to the invention has a housing or a piston with a pump or gas filler tip and a fusible which hermetically seals the tip Pearl whose surface is fused with the inside of the tip. The whole pearl or just its surface can be made from a glass with a melting point

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half the melting point of the tip, which is normally is also made of glass. In a preferred embodiment the tip is for infrared radiation permeable, while the pearl completely or partially absorbs infrared rays. The training is such that during manufacture the application of heat has the consequence that the pearl melts and before the tip softened. In this way, the production of devices with high internal gas pressures is facilitated because it is possible to avoid softening the tip itself.

The invention also relates to a method for melting off of the housing or the piston of an electrical device, in which the housing is connected to a pump tube is provided, which has a constriction, a fusible bead is brought into the constriction, wherein the pearl itself or its surface are made of a material that melts or softens when heated in front of the pump tube, and the temperature of the bead is raised to soften it and fuse it with the inside of the pump tube, whereby the constriction is closed. One way of performing the method is to use a Pearl, which itself or its surface consists of a glass that has a lower melting point than the pump tube and the pump tube as well as the bead are heated in the flame until the bead softens and with the tube merges.

The preferred way of carrying out the invention The method involves the use of infrared rays. A pearl is therefore used that is whole or consists partially of an infrared ray absorbing material, while the pump tube is transparent for the infrared radiation, and the infrared radiation through

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the tube on, the .bead _; -focused is j .by- the ": ^; ■ 'temperature .. of the latter, ^ rheighs ^ .acts and. this-' softens .- ■ = -. ·· \.""■ * .- and with the Inside of the pipe, merges »· '-λ" - ·: ·., .. - ":

The pump tube can - made of tempered glass: or - soft / - glass; ;or I '. . ·. ^!: ■■ -.:. made of quartz glass., his ,, - so long; the; Ilohr ... for-: infrared rays ^ - ·. transparent. is t, .. There is a “choice ν on: Per lenmateri ali- ■ ϊ

The pearl can be made entirely of / GlaSysein-and-depending-on-the'.Type- / ■■ ..,. ;;: the tube made of hard glass or soft glass and can go through
a .suitable add-on for infrared radiation · abs or pt ion s * ..-. - · made capable - i-If necessary ,, the pearl can .a-. · :; · Infusible core ,, have,. the, with a .meltable-glass; ■,.; coating ;. _r i§1 ₉ ■ where,, below v- the _; Designation '' unmistakable: ■. bar "is to be understood, - that, the core, at the.temperature, ·. .- .. at which the coating -shows this- behavior $, -not - -.". melt: and., soften _t . The core, can,. made of a metal, - 'made of ceramic, or, made of tempered glass, .be and be fusible on the side;:
Coating.-can consist of em- / infrared rays -absorbing. Glass with a low melting point * -like solder glass, -se in. ..kann those schinelzbare _t GlasbesQhieh.tung, fiür ·. Infrared- · ■ - ■■ = ■ radiation transparent _ see,., In -which- "case,. The · core from _; .. an infrared radiation-absorbing material, consists of * :. - ''

The tube may au, s .einem piece with dem.Gehäuse'bestehe-na ■ ■ ■ ·· -'- It may with the piston in a separate - ■ previous operation are merged, in which case it is immaterial whether · the throat, before or .nach- ". eat FINISH ^r of Cmd formed on the piston .wird- the narrowing --- is '.': te most conveniently characterized .herges Ht ,. that the pipe is sa-wedjcht -wedjcht -wedjcht -wedjcht -by · "·" local heat supply, ·. thatr; Sjeine · wall after
Inside there is a-nJfe-ls.; · - '■ ■■ - V-' ■■ --.- ■ - ■. . ·

A 0 9 8 2 77 0

For reasons of strength, it may be desirable that the bead does not fuse with the pump tube at the narrowest part of its constriction, but between the narrowest part and the interior of the housing. For two purposes, the bead is inserted into the housing before the constricted pump tube is formed. The housing is then suctioned off or filled with gas with the pump tube pointing in the direction of the abexi. The housing and pump tube are then reversed so that the bead falls into contact with the constriction in readiness to fuse with it. In some cases it may be preferable to place the bead on the opposite side of the piston from the constriction.

The invention is particularly suitable for melting off Miniature lamps, such as butt-fused lamps or Wedge lamps or other devices that require gas fillings of pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. So far, melting has been difficult proven because the internal gas pressure of the inward deformation a fusion tube locally softened by heat. counteracts.

The invention is of course also applicable to lamps that are preferably filled to pressures which are at normal ambient temperatures at atmospheric pressure. In this case, the particular advantage of melting at high bulb temperatures is achieved.

The following is an example of an embodiment of the invention described in more detail in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1-4 stages in the Show fabrication of a butt-fused electric incandescent lamp. - ■ ....

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Butt fusion is common in the manufacture of electric lamps, with "essentially spherical pistons for fastening, the pump tube" to the pistons aligemeiri. "This process stage is shown in FIG a circular mouth '1-1 e-iries of previously blown Giasicolbens' 12 was introduced. Then 'an exhaust pipe 13 with a diameter that corresponds to that "of the mouth 11 / brought into contact with the mouth 11, whereby between the' pipe and mouth" feed wires IH are enclosed " after the piston material is made of hard glass or soft glass, ' ^{1 is} fused to the piston 12 in the usual way. As can be seen, a small, almost spherical pearl 16 lies at the bottom "of the piston 12. The nature of the pearl" is described below; '· - ^: · ■.

The pump tube 13 is then heated locally and pulling to form a constriction 15 constricted. As can be seen, the narrowing is at its "narrowest point." smaller than the pearl 16,. "

The two stages of work, namely the butt fusion and the formation of the neck, are Pumping tube 13 and already introduced into the piston 12 pearl 16 carried out - The bead 16 could after the stump

welding can be used, 'provided * that on it Care is taken that damage to the luminous element is avoided during the process. Although with that method described above, the neck formation stage after the stump has been fused, the pump tube 13 Already provided with a neck shape before "stump fusion will, ·.

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In such a case, the pearl becomes 16th. Before the stump--. _; -. merge introduced. _: -. ; , ■,

The pearl 16 is a glass ball in its Composition of the exhaust tube 13 may be similar with the exception that it is used to absorb infrared rays has been treated while the tube 13 is transparent to infrared rays. The. mentioned treatment exists in that a metal oxide colorant is incorporated. A suitable oxide is iron (II) oxide.

The next stage in making the. Lamp consists. in that sucked off to the appropriate pressure and filled with gas will. This procedural stage is best with downwardly directed piston 12 performed. The piston 12 and the tube 13 are then reversed, the Maintain connection with the pump and gas filling machine so that the pearl 16 falls into the constriction 15. This is shown in FIG. 3.

The infrared radiation indicated by the arrows 20 " is then focused on the pearl 16, which the radiation is absorbed and heated in the process. the The temperature of the bead 16 increases until it softens and merges with the inner wall of the constriction 15. It has proved to be advantageous, the pearl a somewhat oval, Shape or diamond shape so that when it sits with the long axis pointing upwards and is melted, the surface tension in the melted Condition causes the pearl to flow into a spherical shape, creating any crevices in a not circular constriction to be filled.-Then the gas pressure between the% constriction 15 and the pump.

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and .Gasfüllmaschine canceled and the pipe 13 is below the constriction separated. The lamp is finally completed in the usual way by that a Lamp base (not shown) attached and suitable electrical connections between the lead wires 14 "and the lamp base are provided,.

While the pearl is being heated and softened, the Temperature of the pump tube not up to the softening range. increase, since then the internal gas pressure "inflates the constricted pipe and the desired circumferential fusion between the bead and the inside of the tube does not take place. It has been found beneficial to "get through this temperature." Supply of a heated gas (e.g. air) to regulate that acts on the exterior side of the pump tube.

The infrared radiation can expediently come from an incandescent lamp of high brightness or by a pure tube arc lamp obtained on an ellipsoidal refractor is arranged. If necessary, it can be obtained from a laser, for example from a neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet solid-state laser (neodymium / YAG solid state laser), which produces a few watts of continuous radiation with a wavelength of 1.06 microns. There will then be optical focusing means used to make the nearly parallel Radiation from the laser rod to the required spot size to focus, ■ I

The pearl does not need to be made from a glass of similar composition like that of the exhaust pipe 13 to be made. Other pearls can consist of, for example:

1, a glass of a lower melting point than Solder glass is known, which contains an additive, by

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that the glass is made absorptive to infrared rays; . . .....:

2. a core made of a non-melting material. for example from a metal, ceramic or from a ^ ^ glass of high melting point, -with an external loading. ;. stratification of a fusible, infrared ray. " absorbent glass and

3. from a core that absorbs infrared rays and. an outer coating made of a fusible glass permeable to ■ infrared rays. , -. ..'.--.

In the latter case, the core absorbs the infrared radiation, which increases its temperature. The coating will heated by conduction from the hot core. The fusible glass coatings can consist of solder glass.

Although the use of infrared rays is particularly described flame heating can be used instead. In such a case it is essential that the surface of the pearl melts and softens before the pump tube does. The pearl should therefore be one have lower melting point than the latter and can be made entirely of a low melting point glass, for example made of solder glass. Optionally, the pearl can have an infusible core with a coating of a Have fusible glass of low melting point.

Although the inventors above in particular in connection has been described with a butt fused lamp, there are of course other possible applications for the invention. The method is particularly advantageous for

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Melting of. Lamps in which the pump tube 13 with the piston or housing consists of one piece. Further .can use the process of ~ fusing * metallic housings be applied, - In one, such a case is fine Glass-metal fusion between the pump tube and the Housing a "-necessary initial stage."

The fusing in the manner described above enables the 'mechanization of the manufacture of lamps' with a higher filling pressure than before or that " Achieving the same normal ambient pressure with Melting at higher bulb temperatures.

Patent claims :

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. / Method for fusing a housing with one glass-like tube attachment through which the housing is evacuated and / or filled, characterized in that a pearl whose surface composed of a vitreous material is arranged within the pipe socket and thereby fused with the inner surface of the pipe socket is that preferably at least the surface of the bead is softened. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vitreous material of the bead surface is a has a lower melting point than that of the pipe socket. 3, method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred softening of the bead surface occurs through radiation which is transmitted by the tube attachment, however, is absorbed by the pearl. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pearl surface is transparent to radiation, which is absorbed by the core of the pearl, which core has a higher melting point than the pearl surface. 409827/0635 ' 5, method according to claim 3, characterized in that the glass-like material of the pearl surface the of the pipe socket with "the exception 'is similar," that it has been treated so that it absorbs the radiation emitted by the tube socket material is let through. 6. The method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that that the pearl has a core whose melting point is higher than that of the pearl surface. 7. The method according to claims 3-6, characterized in that that the radiation is infrared radiation, 8, method according to the claims. 1-7, characterized that a constriction is formed in the pipe socket, and the pearl while it is with the pipe socket is fused against the narrowing. 9. The method according to claim .8, characterized in that the bead innedialb of the housing during the evacuation "and / or .Filling process is arranged and brought into contact with the constriction in that the housing is reversed will. .10. Fused housing, characterized in that this according to the method according to claims 3-9 A 09 82 7./.0.6 3 5. has been presented. 11. Housing with a glass-like tube attachment "for evacuating" ieren and filling, characterized in that "the
Housing is fused by a bead that is located
located in the pipe socket and its surface
is a vitreous material fused to "that of the" ^ tube socket. 12. Housing according to claim 11, characterized in that the material-der'Perlenfläche a lower
Schmäzpunkt-than that of the pipe socket. ' 13 "Housing according to claim 11, characterized in that the pearl infrared rays, for which the pipe attachment
is permeable, can absorb. Housing according to Claim 13, characterized in that the surface of the pearl is composed of one material is what absorbs infrared rays. 15. Housing according to claim 13, characterized in that · that the surface of the bead consists of a material transparent to infrared rays, while the core of the
Pearl is made of a material that absorbs infrared rays. 7/0835 .. _# Housing according to claims 11 -: - 25, characterized in that the pearl has a core made of a material with a higher melting point than _: the pearl surface _{r has} . ., ..: - - .- ... , '·': 17. Housing according to claims 11 - ^ .16 ,, thereby marked draws that the pearl against a- constriction, ira- ^ approach. 18. Housing after. Claim. 17, characterized in that the bead rests against the inside of the constriction. 409827/0635 Blank page