DE2358413A1 - REFRACTORY STONE, IN PARTICULAR FOR LINING THE FLOOR OF BIG FURNACE - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

PROF. DR. DR. J. REITSTÖTTER.

DR.-ING. WOLFRAM BUNTE Z 3 S O 4 ^ O

DR. KARL GEORG LÖSCH. D-8OOO MUNICH 43.BAUERSTRASSE 22, POST BOX 780 FERNRUF (OSIL) 37 68 83 TELEX 5215208 ISARd

M / i-2 9oo. ;, - · ■■ '23 NOV. 1S73

NIPPON KOKAN K.K. Japan

Refractory stone, especially for lining the floor of blast furnaces

The invention relates to refractory bricks with parallel upper and lower surfaces and with flat end faces, the longitudinal sides being recessed in cross section in the form of a flattened triangle so that the brick is vertically in halves yLTitfirtexlt. The invention also relates to a floor lining for a blast furnace made from such bricks. ·

So far, the bottom lining of a blast furnace has been made from one Combination of firebricks or refractory bricks built, which have different shapes to a floating to prevent the stones. However, the known stones do not quite fulfill this purpose.

Among the known methods with which one has tried to prevent the stones from swimming or floating up, include the following:

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1) As shown in Fig. 1, in some parts of the vertical connection of two adjacent columns of superposed bricks a made of carbon wedge blocks b
used to suppress the vertical movement of the deposited stones.

2) Made a variety of one-piece elongated bricks
Carbon is arranged radially so that it differs from
the furnace or rack center extend to the jacket, wherein
the end part of each stone abutting the mantle
is held down by a separate stone placed on it.

3) As shown in Fig. 2, a stone c of the heterotype is placed in the middle of the furnace, each of the four sides of the stone having a trapezoidal shape tapered stones d of the heterotype arranged, their sides inwardly to the vertical axis of the blast furnace at angles
are inclined, which progressively increase towards the coat.
There will be a gap between the last stone and the mantle

closed with a filling stone ..

4t) As can ^{be seen from Fig. 3 2U} , a plurality of ribbed stones are interlocked with one another.

The erosion of the bottom of a blast furnace as a result of floating of the refractory bricks which form this lining is due to the fact that the molten iron is in all vertical and horizontal connections of some refractory bricks and that if the connection mortar loses its binding force, the different densities between the refractory bricks and the molten iron for floating the refractories. Lead stones. In order to prevent the stones from swimming, it is therefore desirable not only to pass individual refractory stones through the

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horizontally arranged stones all around, but also securely fixed in position by the stones immediately above and below. From the standpoint of making and laying the refractory bricks, there is a further requirement that the bricks have a shape that is very simple and, moreover, suitable for achieving permanent fixation of the bricks. - '"

The known methods in which wedge stones and tapered stones according to 1) and 3) are used, show no vertical mechanical coupling or connection of the refractory bricks. This therefore has the disadvantage that when some stones are broken out or, in the extreme case, when some stones are lost in the middle of the furnace, stones which are arranged around the wedge stones or stones which abut on the tapering sides are most likely to float up one after the other. The method in which a large number of elongated one-piece stones according to 2) is used has the disadvantage that when such stones are used in the huge blast furnaces recently built, they must have a considerable length, which causes great difficulties in production brings. The method in which toothed stones according to k) are used can actually prevent the stones from floating up, since the individual stones themselves are connected to one another by the engagement of the teeth. However, the method ^x has the disadvantage that the production and laying of the stones is difficult due to the complicated shape of the toothed stones.

All four conventional methods are for laying large stones made of carbon can be used, but are less suitable for laying smaller silica-alumina stones Size. :

The object underlying the invention is therefore the disadvantages of the known refractory bricks and the To eliminate the bottom lining of blast furnaces from these bricks and to create a new type of refractory bricks of a simpler shape create in which a free choice in terms of material and size in a wider range than previously possible, with the stones being permanently fixed in position during assembly obtained and being manufactured not only in the form of large carbon bricks, but also in the form of small bricks from refractory clay or alumina is possible. A floor lining of a blast furnace made from such refractory bricks should be essentially free from floating as a result of molten iron carried in between and should be extremely resistant against expansion as a result of the great heat released by the furnace.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in the case of refractory bricks, the parallel planar upper and lower sides and have flat end faces, solved in that the two longitudinal sides in cross section in the form of a flattened triangle are pressed in or recessed in such a way that the stone is vertically divided into halves, with the triangular recess extending over extends the entire length of the stone parallel to its top and bottom.

The bottom lining according to the invention of a blast furnace is built from such superposed stones so that the triangular depressions form on the two longitudinal sides of each stone a wall toothing in dovetail shape with the upper and _(lower convex half-parts each of two vertically consecutive blocks, the sub-forming of the front and rear adjacent wall or masonry are included in this.

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This black swivel toothing between the triangular depressions on the two long sides of each stone, which together with the convex parts of two vertically successive stones of other walls directly adjacent to it, enables a solid connection in the vertical direction of all stones when they are placed one on top of the other. The shape of the refractory bricks according to the invention enables the bricks to be laid on top of one another in any desired number to form a masonry and that the masonry so formed can be arranged horizontally next to one another in any desired extent. If a certain stone in the upper row of the stone arrangement should be subject to a buoyancy force, the aforementioned dovetail arrangement prevents the stone from being pulled upwards. Even if this should be the case, the horizontally adjoining stones do not get loose one after the other, because they are held down by the tapering or convex parts of the other "composite stones" immediately below the floating stone, whereby a constant superposition of the individual The horizontal or vertical expansion of the wall arrangement can be achieved simply by coupling the stones by means of the dovetail arrangement in a larger number of walls or rows.

In this case too, the stone arrangement as a whole is extremely resistant to an external force, for example a floating force. The bottom lining of a blast furnace according to the invention is, as mentioned above, & ^{U £>} fixed toothed refractory bricks built ·

As has already been described, the refractory bricks according to the invention have a sufficiently simple shape to ensure a pleading that is easier than. known stones is * In addition, $ 1, n4 material and size can be freely selected over a wider range than was previously possible.

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The floor covering of a blast furnace from the refractory dovetail bricks according to the invention as a whole is a construction which is sufficiently strong to allow the floating of the the stones forming the building elements due to the fact that iron flocks are carried between them and due to their expansion due to the high heat released by the furnace. Furthermore, it is no longer necessary - in the Filling joints of the joined stones with mortar.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, constructions belonging to the state of the art and the invention are explained in more detail, for example explained.

Figs. 1 and 2 show known constructions of. Floor linings of a blast furnace. "

Fig. 3 shows toothed refractory bricks, as they are usually used in Construction of the floor lining of a blast furnace can be used.

Fig. 4a shows an embodiment of the invention Feueffesteit Steins in the front view.

Fig. 4b shows the. Stone from Fig. Kk in a side view. Fig. 4C shows the stone of Fig. KA. in top view.

Fig. 5 shows the manner in which the refractory Stones of Fig. (Are connected in the manner of a dovetail.

Fig. 6 shows a plan view of a plurality of horizontally arranged. Stone walls in the one shown in FIG Composite.

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7 shows a plan view of a large number of stone walls according to FIG. 5> horizontally after another Method as in Fig. 6 are arranged.

8 shows the floor lining in a sectional view of a "blast furnace made of refractory brick according to the invention.

FIG. 9 shows a top view of the liner of FIG. 8.

Kig.v Io to 15 show further embodiments of refractory bricks according to the invention, the long sides of which have depressions in various shapes of flattened triangles.

The refractory brick shown in FIG. K , which consists for example of carbon, has an upper side 1 and an underside 2 which are parallel to one another, the two end faces being flat. The two long sides of the stone are recessed in cross section in the form of a flattened triangle, the triangular recesses extending from one end face h to the other end face 3 . The height A, the width B and the length C of the refractory brick, the distance B 'between the vertices of the two triangular depressions and the depth B "of each depression can be appropriately determined according to the conditions under which the / stones produced or placed during the construction of the "floor lining" of a blast furnace. In general, the greater the depth B "of the recess with respect to the width B of the stone, the more stable the fastening of the stones Width B of the stone is.

The following is the method for arranging the inventive Refractory bricks are described to make the floor lining of a blast furnace. -

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A plurality of refractory bricks according to the present invention , shaped as shown in Fig. K , are placed on the floor level of the blast furnace, interdigitated in a dovetail shape as shown in Fig. 5. The one wall or. Column consists for example of three stones arranged one above the other, while the neighboring walls or columns are formed in a similar way from three stones, ie from two whole stones and two half stones, which are on the top and bottom of the adjacent walls are arranged. However, they are arranged one above the other so that they are offset or shifted by half the stone height in the vertical direction to the stones of the first-mentioned masonry. These columns or walls are arranged next to one another both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction above the floor level of the blast furnace. This shifted or offset arrangement results in that the triangular recesses of each of a walling forming stones is dovetailed in mesh with the upper and lower tapered or convex halves 3 ^a (Fig. 4t) of each of the two vertical consecutive blocks at the two longitudinal sides which are enclosed in it to form the front and rear adjacent * walls or pillars. In this case, the subsequent walls are each provided with half a stone on the top, as shown in FIG. This arrangement prevents vertical movement or floating of the stones over the entire arrangement, whereby a construction is achieved which is just as rigid as if the arrangement itself were formed in one piece.

While the refractory bricks according to the invention in the above Are placed on top of each other, become the respective Walling of stones arranged horizontally next to each other in two different basic ways, as shown in FIGS. 6 and is shown in the plan view of the horizontal 'arrangement.

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In Fig. 6, the adjoining end faces are Λ. and the stones of the walls forming the alternating longitudinal rows by half of the wall length in one longitudinal direction to the stones that form the adjacent longitudinal rows Staggered walls .. In. Fig. 7 are the contiguous ones End faces 4 and 5 of the stones of the walls, which alternate Form transverse rows, offset by half the stone width in the transverse direction to the stones of the walls, which form the neighboring Quexreihen. The arrangement of Fig. Fixes the walls in place better than the arrangement of Fig. 7.

In Figures 5 and 6, 12, Ik , 17 and 19 denote the upper half-stones of the walls which form the longitudinal rows, while 12, 1Λ ¹ , 17 'and 19' denote the whole stones arranged below. In this case, an upper whole stone 18 is held down, for example with its lower half part, by the upper convex parts of the four stones 12 ', IV, 17' and 19 "which are arranged immediately below. · Each of the four stones is in the same way 12 ', 14', 17 'and 19' with its lower half held down by the upper convex parts of four further stones, which are arranged immediately below.This relationship extends successively downwards through the walls of the stones. Therefore, if the stone 18 were to be exposed to a floating force, the stones arranged below in the pyramid shape collectively exert a force that holds the stone 18 down and prevents it from floating up. Accordingly, all the stones connected to construct the bottom lining of the furnace form one body , which is so rigid or stable as if the ..- arrangement were formed in one piece ". The extreme case should now be assumed that the Stone 18 is missing. Also in this case adjacent to the stone l8 stones 12 ^un .4 be '* ^ still safely down by a group of

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Stones 11 and I3 held, which are arranged immediately * below is or by a group of stones I3 and 15, which is arranged in the same way below. This also applies to stones 17 and 19 adjacent to stone 18. The loss of stone 18 therefore does not lead to a successive detachment and consequently to a floating up of the neighboring ones Stones. This construction of the stone arrangement is therefore extremely resistant to any floating a building element forming stone. The arrangement of Fig. 7 also has the same effect of eliminating the buoyancy effect of a stone.

Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, the bottom lining of a blast furnace described, which is built from stones which are laid as shown in Figs. The bottom lining of the blast furnace is formed by the entire stone arrangement Io, the circumference of which is reminiscent of the known inwardly tapered stones 23 made of carbon in a circle over stones 21 from the hetero- type and carbon stampings 22 are arranged. the entire stone arrangement Io is made up of the tapering stones 23 arranged in a ring, u ^ id by the in the same

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Way inwardly tapered crucible stones 24 made of carbon, which are arranged on the tapered stones 23, are held down.

Fig. K shows a simple embodiment of the shape of a refractory brick according to the invention. According to the invention, refractory bricks can also be used which have different shapes, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 15. Fig. Io repeats the shape of the stone shown in Fig. K. The necessary conditions with regard to the standardized stone shapes according to FIGS. Io to 15 are summarized in the table below.

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Stone required required required form Condition I Condition II Condition III

Fig. Io, MR = RQ = NO = OP

Figure 11 MN = PQ 3 MQP = 90 MR = NOJ = RQ = OP Fig. 12

Fig. I ₃ MN // Pq _{MN // R0} MR = OP

Fig. Ik ^ RMN4 9o ^ MO _x P <9o MRsin ^ RMO ^ NOsin ^ ONP

Fig . 15 4 OPQ <9o. MN ^ RO MR = OE,

The refractory bricks according to the invention can not only the standardized shapes shown in Figures Io to 15, but also have other forms, 'which only the required Conditions I and II are sufficient. The arrangement of stones which shapes of this latter category can still be used for a floor lining of a blast furnace, which is as stable as that made of stones with the standard shapes, which meet all the necessary conditions I to III.

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Claims (4)

- 12 - 2 3 5 9 '1 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Refractory brick with parallel, flat top and bottom sides and flat end faces, characterized in that that both long sides in cross-section in the form of a flattened triangle (3) are recessed so that the Stone is divided vertically in half, with the triangular indentation running the entire length of the . Stone parallel to its top (l) and bottom (2) extends. 2. Floor lining of a blast furnace made of refractory bricks according to claim 1, characterized in that the stones are placed on top of one another in such a way that the triangular depressions (3) on both long sides of each of the stones forming a wall in a dovetail fashion into the upper and lower ones convex half parts (3a) one .each of two vertically subsequent stones engages, which lead to the formation of the front and rear adjoining walls • ■ • are enclosed in it, un'd * that these walls are arranged both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction above the bottom surface of the blast furnace. 3 · floor lining according to claim 2, characterized in that the abutting end faces (4, 5) of the stones are offset of the alternating longitudinal rows forming underpinnings by half the bricking longitudinal length <against the stones of the permanent linings, which form the adjacent longitudinal rows. _{A 0 9 8 2 3/0} 8 2 V ■ · «« * "MeePrr, AL INSPbCTE ^ 2358'- ¹ p 4. Floor lining after. Claim 2, characterized in that the abutting end faces (4, 5) of the stone walls forming the alternating transverse rows around half the stone wall in. a direction transverse to the stones of the walls
are offset, which form the adjacent cross rows. - 4ÖMI3 / Ö824 IHSPBCTBD Blank page