DE2351145A1 - PROCEDURES FOR THE PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF FEED - Google Patents

Description

1 / Mü 8023 Pullach, October 11, 1973

Francesco COSTANZI, Via Vannotti 19, 38 100 TRENTO (Italy)

Process for the preparation and preservation of animal feed

The invention relates to a method for processing and preservation of feed.

It is known that the feed intended for the nourishment of the animals and coming from the field takes about 70 - 80 # water and therefore only about 20 - 30? contains dry nutrients, which is why in many cases it is dried before administration. The drying itself is usually done in different ways, for example by drying in the field by the influence of the sun (haymaking or haymaking), by ventilation in the barn or by artificial drying. In the case of non-dried feed, the preservation can be done by ensiling (fermentation feed preparation). However, all these systems have their own drawbacks, which mainly amounts ¹ - cause and Nährverluste of the feed. Furthermore, not all of these methods are suitable for the preservation of grasses (gramineae) maturing in a me- or waxy manner.

Finally, a pressing treatment has also been used, whereby one the liquid (or "plasma") extracted by compressing the feed is used as the main product, while the remainder This known method was used in part as a waste material is carried out so that the feed up to one

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such a value is compressed until the wooden component is practically free of liquid juices. .

The object of the present invention is essentially to provide a method in which the feed of any Type or quality before a pressing process or at the same time is subjected to a comminution of the fibers with this. Means a coarse grinding, i.e. comminution, the pasern or fiberization care is taken that the cells of each individual lining element are torn, whereby the during the pressing process Intercell and cell water can be withdrawn. The escaping water carries a small amount of nourishing elements in the form of pest particles in suspension or components in dissolution with them. In the case of tests carried out, this found that this material is only an extremely small percentage of all the nutritional components contained in the feed represents, whereby the same can be regarded as a processing loss.

According to the invention, the fiberized and pressed material is in one or more operations with or without loosening the filling that forms between successive pressing operations (es if there are more than one) dry treatment, preferably by means of hot air pressure ventilation, to reduce the moisture content continue to reduce the material to a value, both storage and storage as such without the risk of fermentation or any other change to enable further processing (e.g. pelletizing).

In order to achieve the results provided by the invention, is it is of course necessary to observe some restrictive conditions which are normally interdependent. Thus, according to the invention, the comminuted fibers must be exposed to such a pressure that the capillaries present in them and osmotic tensions are overcome; so it should

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_ 3 -

Pressures are used which are not less than 40 kg / cm.

The upper limit is not only on the duration of the pressing phase, but also depends on the material to be treated. You can thus bring residence times in the pressing phase to use are also less than two seconds and can last up to 5 minutes, the respective pressures being in the order of magnitude of more

than 250 up to 40 kg / cm. In the drying phase, higher temperatures are also used in order to encourage the further discharge of the residual water. These temperatures may be higher than 6O ⁰ C, but it must be borne in mind that the temperature in the material to be treated should not be higher than 100 ⁰ C in order to avoid quality Entwertungen or losses. In this case, too, the tent in der.Trockenanlage is conditioned by the temperature of the warm air to which the partially dehydrated material is exposed; the dwell time will in turn depend on the temperature of the ventilation air. Due to the defibration resulting from the treatment, under the same other conditions (temperature, air speed, initial humidity, etc.), the residence time in the drying system is considerably reduced compared to that of a material not treated according to the invention.

As stated, the material to be treated is subjected to a pressing process in order to reduce the moisture level. The necessary Reduce the volume to achieve the desired excretion can be calculated as follows:

certain humidity (wet base) U

PP
U = us

P »u

where P- is the weight of the wet material and P_ is the weight

U S

defl means that the material has dried out at 80 ° C. for 24 hours.

Furthermore means:

V. the actual entry volume of the material in the machine (must also contain any filling coefficients in the loading phase);

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'2351H5.

^ _ί the density of the material on entry, not pressed;
V is the exit volume;

ο _ex the maximum density of the material reached during the pressing phase;
Ρττ q is the weight percent lost during the pressing

of water with a value of P _{11 n} ^ r- _n * ·, _n .,,. . . ".

HpO - 50% of the weight upon entry. One can thus write:

V ₄ . 8 4 - ■ Ρ «η = V

i ■ * i H ^ O ex

ex

a formula in which % _ov " ^T on the type de, s of compression

6 Λ.

depends on the material set, and is at most 2 <? _βν . <. Οί8; This is due to the practically complete incompressibility of the water in relation to the plant material as well as from tests carried out. In any case, <? "Changes as a function of P _{11 n}

The following can also be taken from equation (1):

U the puity of the material treated and V. that of the Material upon entry can be specified with

^P u- ^P H ₂ O
The above statement applies in any case to U theoretically ^. 30th

ΘΧ

(operational ^ / 45 %) . Show for lower values of humidity
in fact, there are other phenomena that make any further water leakage practically impossible, since it is accompanied by a considerable percentage of solids and thus
is not suitable for the present procedure.

The liquid withdrawn in the pressing phase - "as already mentioned, is mainly water with small amounts of nutrients in it Dissolution and suspension and the amount of these nutrients in

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• 2351H5

Suspension depends largely on the pressure exerted and on the duration the withdrawal phase. The resulting liquid can one then drains off or it can be recovered and used as such or the nutrients present in the same can partially recovered by centrifugation or filtering.

The table below shows the effectiveness of the invention Better judge procedure. It shows the result of a test carried out at Luzernerklee.

Tabel

-Initial humidity 78 % - total weight 100 kg

(78 kg water, 22 kg dry matter);
- Solid material obtained by mechanical treatment 39 kg, moisture = 50 % (19.5 kg of water and 19.5 kg

Dry matter), pressing fluids 61 kg; -Feeding of liquids: filtered liquid 54.9 kg, paste 6.1 kg with moisture equal to 70 % (4.27 kg of water and

1.83 dry matter);
-Ventilation of the desiccant material: ventilated material 24.4 kg, humidity 20 % (4.9 kg of water and 19.5 kg of dry matter).

It thus results that it is lost in the mechanical treatment gone dry matter without recovery by filtration

100 χ

22-19.5
22nd

= 11.3 % ;

the lost dry matter with recovery by filtration is on the other hand

100 χ ^ - (19.5 + 1.83) V, j. "
22nd

the dry matter lost in the case of administration to cattle of the press fluids is equal to 0 _t %

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2351U5

The method proposed by the invention allows any type of green forage to be treated, even immediately after Mowing, the water is mainly by mechanical action and possibly by additional ventilation to the feed is withdrawn quickly and safely. That won and stabilized in this way Product can be used as such for immediate consumption stored or pelletized. It should be here in the end it should be noted that with the present method the possibility is given to Legumes, maize or other green fodder are effective to treat what was previously only possible with different preservation methods for the individual feed was.

All the details explained in the description are important for the invention.

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Claims (5)

2351U5 Claims Process for the preparation and preservation of feed, characterized in that the intercellular and cellular water with no or small amounts of nutrients is withdrawn from the feed of any type or quality in whole or in part and the same is then dried to a minimum value of 12% moisture, to be used or stored as such, or to subject it to further processing. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed is smashed, so that breaking open at least a corresponding part of the cells of the same is effected and it is subsequently or simultaneously exposed to such a pressure that the capillary and osmotic tensions present in the shattered fibers are overcome. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure to which the broken fibers are subjected 40 and 250 kg / cm, depending on the Nature of the material to be treated and the duration of the pressing process. 4 »Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3j, characterized in that that the pressing phase lasts at least 2 seconds to 5 minutes and takes place in one or more stages, optionally with intermediate stages for the purpose of loosening the respective filling. 5. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or H, characterized in that the drying phase, which connects to the dewatering by compression, takes place by means of hot air ventilation. 409818/0839