DE2265179A1 - SORTING MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. H. Weickmann, Dipl.-Phys. Dr. K. Fincke

Dipl.-Ing. R A.Weickmann, Dipl.-Chem. B. Huber

8 MUNICH 86, DEN

PO Box 860 820

MÖHLSTRASSE 22, CALL NUMBER 98 39 21/22

GEOSOURCE INC.
Houston, Texas, V.St.A.

Sorting device

The invention relates to a sorting device, in particular a sorting device that supports the objects to be sorted isolated by gravity.

Already known sorting devices for small objects such as grains of rice have rotating suction wheels or other rotating devices Shaking devices for separating the grains, i.e. for their separation and alignment in series, in order to convert them into photoelectric To be able to observe facilities individually. The majority of these known sorting devices are working while satisfactory, their sorting speed is compared to sorting speeds used for larger objects are achievable, low. To increase the sorting speed, it is generally necessary a large number of sorters parallel to each other

609842/0006

2285179

to arrange. The known notation and Sohütteleinrichtungen have a parallel arrangement expresses a great need for rnura, which contradicts any irtoo liability and any justifiable degree of effectiveness.

The present invention is based on the object to create a sorting device for small items which has a small footprint and a high sorting speed. The sorting devices should be on Can be set up and operated parallel to each other in a small space in large numbers.

This object is achieved according to the invention by an elongated, tapered, tubular base, the central dumbbell line of which is inclined in such a way that the granular objects sliding down in the guide are separated under the action of gravity and aligned in series along a path that is flush with the central surface line , An institution! to dump the objects randomly into the upper end of the guide, and a device for checking and sorting the objects aligned in a row «

The grains of rice and the like are fed to the guides in a two-way manner by ooohlongen chins which are slightly inclined in the opposite direction. Kick your back from a common, vibrating feed container or the like and have to adjust a glide Adjustable flow rate of the objects Singing gate. KIn stationary funnel-shaped container supplies the supply container via a flexible connection part. At the bottom of each guide is a photoelectric Working observatory set up that operated an ejection device to remove grains with dark spots redirect. Furthermore is one in its brightness

609842/0006

8AD ORIGINAL

22S5179

adjustable background provided, its brightness is set so that that by this background and that by the central part of a good grain triggered signal are the same, above and below the Photoelectric device puts you light sources in order by additional lighting of the front and rear To avoid giving a false signal at the end of each grain similar to the signals triggered by dark spots, but by the gev / Ulbten sins of the good grains is caused.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows

FIG. 1 shows a side view of the object according to the invention in a partially broken representation;

FIG. 2 shows a further view of the sorting device according to FIG. 1 in a partially broken representation;

FIG. 3 shows a toilet view of the sorting device according to FIG. 1 and 2 in the direction of lines 3-3 in Figure 2 on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 4 shows a section along the line 4-4 in FIG. 2 in FIG enlarged scale j

FIG. 5 shows a view of part of the sorting device according to FIG Figure 2 on an enlarged scale?

Figure 6 is a work topic of the sorting device according to Invention;

Figure 7 is a view of a modified part of the sorting device according to Figure 5?

609842/0006 - 4 -

SAD ORfQlNAL

FIG. 8 shows a partial view of the sorting device according to PIgut 2 in the seal of lines 8-0 in Figure 2;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of lines 9-9 in FIG.

Figures 1 to 4 beige several elongated, tapered Guides 11. Each of the guides has a central dumbbell line 12 which is inclined such as e.g. 35 ° to the vertical that the sliding down in the guide Grain 13 »ß.B. Grains of rice, under the action of gravity, are separated. Bciia sorting granular objects let whether of utmost importance that you get the items can separate and arrange in series, i.e. singular, oo that at a certain point in time Jewellθ only a counter-sound is observed and this falls damaged let, uuBgoBg can be decided. With the subject at hand nrflndunc bears the length of guides 11 and their considerable vertical extension, which in practice can be, for example, about 1 π, in the following V / eioo to that gravity-assisted separation of objects. Lo lot known that falling bodies with be accelerated at a constant and not inconsiderable rate. So if two bodies are at the same height with slight temporal shift skins, niraat der vertical distance between these bodies as a function

ρ is the acceleration due to gravity g and the square of the fall time t. Assuming two rice grains are each 6.35 mm long and one hot grain starts at the tent point t _Q and the other starts a millisecond later, i.e. at time t ₁ β t _Q + 0.001 rokonds, then the distance between the front ends of the first and second grain of rice 6.35 mm when the second grain of rice has fallen 1 m. In other words, diOB means that with a height of fall of 1 m, the grains start to fall by only 1 ml.

609842/0006

- 5 - SAD ORlGiMAL

Second, a good separation is achievable; This minimum Time abatement says that at the beginning of a grain of fall the The grain that fell last has covered a height of about 0.01 mm. With a height of fall of 1 m the distance between successive grains increased from 0.01 mm to 6.35 mm that the separation of the grains is promoted by the aid of gravity.

In the erfinrlungögGHiiißen sorting device the grains suffer not a completely free fall, but slide on the inclined guides 11, which is why a smooth movement due to friction Caused decrease in the speed of the grains counteracts the separation achievable by gravity! However, the dry friction does not increase significantly with speed, which is why you are constant and can be billed small. 1 shown above been that in the free fall of the rice grains the time interval between the beginning of the fall between the individual Grains larger than 1 millisecond must be digested Fall through the heating effect just one more If milliseconds are added to this minimum requirement, there is no significant disadvantage, since the predominant Amount of in the upper part of each guide 11 conveyed grains have a time interval from one another which is greater than 2 milliseconds. Apart from that From these considerations, the frictional effect caused by the inclined guides 11 is due to the the tapering shape of the guide exerts a tunnel effect more than it does away with it tlich that the guide 11 has a by two side walls 14 and a curved bottom part 16, the. The radius of curvature is much larger than the transverse radius of a hot grain 13t certain u-shaped upper

609842/0006 - 6 -

BATH ORIGINAL

Stlrnquersohnltt has · JStwa one Urittel below at its tip the guide is narrowed to a bottom part, whose cross-section corresponds exactly to that of the grain of ice The turning point converge here to a large, usually V-shaped cross-section. Even the grains of rice, which fall into the upper ends of the guide 11 at a time interval of less than 2 milliseconds, they meet different levels of the bottom of the guide The grains suffer reddening forces and, due to the tapered formation of the doite walls 14, collide with one another, which is why sio are inevitably aligned in a lioihe even before they hit the ground In fact, it is even with exactly the same start-up almost impossible that two grains without alignment in a row and without spacing impinge on the bottom part of the guide 11.

In the event that the nnxiraale impact only affects the initially given time interval between the grains can be traced back, the grains should begin to fall with a vertical component of velocity «0. To reduce the smallest possible horizontal Speed components should be avoided in the upper areas of the guides 11 before the grains hit the ground will. In the ideal case, the grains fall from an area of the sorting mesh, e.g. from swinging, funnel-shaped chins 17, into which the grains immediately in front of their Beginning of the fall In the upper part of the upper part of the Leadership 11. This condition is approximately fulfilled if the tines 17 are directed in the opposite direction to the associated guides 11 and let their downward curvature path be as soft as possible. The minimal inclination of the grooves 17 is the angle of inclination in which the grains nit

609842/0006 - 7

ÖAO ORIGINAL

an economically justifiable processing speed {^ wander downwards when the soffit by!. 'swinging movement of the I.innui 17, dio e.g. by a Hütor 18 are produced with an eccentric Abtricba wave, reduced eats. The chins are, as already grown, also formed somewhat funnel-shaped, the size its openings, however, are so dug up * that the grains indiscriminately bsv /. Fall like a fever into the guides 11. It has roped you the other, 'that through this arrangement impacting grains meet and thereby reduce or reduce the impact in its' Irkung.

For the greatest possible use of the space-saving construction the guides 11 and the runners 12 each have a large number of guides and tiinnen arranged in parallel. The chins 17 are connected to a separate container 19 via adjustable gates 21 Embodiment are four motors 1G, of which in FIG. 1 shows only two bindings, on container 19 attached · Since the hatred of induced vibration oich from gutter to idlnne depending on the mechanical Own chaften and the cash register of the individual chins and in Depending on the distance of the gutter from the liotor will change the gates 21 individually set in operation until an equal and optimal flow rate in all directions the Ko'rnoi · consists (about 22.5 kg per hour pro ilinne).

To receive the grains, a funnel-shaped container P.2 is attached above the container 19. A flexible connecting part 23 connects the container 22 with the container 19 "so that a closed line for the grains exists between the upper opening 24 of the container 22 and the gates 21 of the channels 17"

609842/0006

the connecting part 23 »the container 19» the channels 17 and the Hotoren 10 suffer neither the guides 11 nor other parts of the UortiergerUtes vibration on.

iot shown ocheraatically in FIG. 2, enables the tapered or tapered design of the guides 17 a double space saving, since two full Rows of guides 11 in their tapered areas crossed and the wider grooves 17 distributed between two opposite Seiton dos Gortiergerütea and each Can be arranged on vChlag.

The keio grains occur nuo each guide 11 with considerable Speed along a flight path or distance 31 (see FIG. 5) nuo, at least in the area of an observation point 32 adjacent to the end of the guide is essentially aligned with the central dumbbell line 12. Since each grain 13 cannot be changed with its longitudinal axis to the route 31 is set up, it is done by a usual photoolektrioche observation device 33 always from the same inkel watched out. Establishing a Observation zone 32 is observation device 33 equipped with corresponding lenses 34.

But Keiekürner generally has a gray-white color possess and are translucent, and bad rice grains are usually undermined by the appearance of dark spots, which with appropriate fluoroscopy of the translucent interior visible from all sides it is sufficient if only one long side of the grain is illuminated and examined. To the photoelectric Observation device 33 'to be able to take a voltage signal from a photocell, for example, which is a good Grain indicates is a shielded from the observation zone 32 Light source 35 is provided, which has a usual

609842/0006

8AD ORIGINAL ~ 9 -

white gray-white background 36 illuminated. The background 36 is on an axis linked to the route 31 rotatable, eo that the shade of the background can be compared with that of a good grain. the Threshold voltage 40 (see Figure 6) of the signal of the The photocell is always the same, regardless of whether there is a good grain or no grain. According to Figure 5 is the background 36 by a toggle lever 38 by about 90 ° rotatable. The toggle lever 38 eats through one with a piston 42 connected bolt 39 is actuated, which slides in an elongated hole 41 of the toggle lever.

The illustrated sorting device produces a positive, itapuleförmigea Signal 43 »when a bad grain with a dark spot passes through the observation zone 32. Pralls, however, as is the case with known sorting devices is true, the grain only from one to the photocell 33 neighboring position illuminated from left, reflect the curved front and rear ends of the grain have a lower proportion of light to the photocell 33 than from the middle Part of the grain is blasted. At the same time, the front and rear ends of the front sight separate the reflected light from the background 36 · To from the smallest dark spot to get a maximum signal, the observation isone bo is as close as possible to segment 31, where its width, i.e. its extension in the direction of the .'eges 31, is chosen to be significantly smaller than the length of a grain of rice. When using only one lamp is the result of this combination of conditions that the ends of the grain of rice in the photo cell are considered dark Spots appear and produce spurious signals 47 of bad grains, although the grain may not be possesses dark flakes.

609842/0006 - 10 -

This phenomenon has not been fully clarified. It is assumed that it is partly caused by a back reflection caused by the outermost grain tips due to the only flat angle of illumination in these areas and the effect of this part of the incident light in the interior of the translucent or transluminisr.enten grain prevents it is reflected back diffusely to the photocell. Since less light is reflected from the grain ends, a the absence of a dark spot indicates. V.'oiterhin it is believed that this phenomenon is also due to the fact that the surfaces of the grain ends are more unevenly formed than the middle area of the elongated grain part, and therefore less convoluted Reflect light directly to the Photozello. In any case, it has been shown that if only one is used Lamp for lighting signals occur dlo bad Faking grains

The sorting device according to the invention therefore provides for the use of at least two light sources 51 and 52, the one above bzv /. below the observation device 33 » are arranged to allow separate illumination of the grain ends. The front end of the front sight is illuminated separately by the light source 52 to the To compensate for the loss of light intensity caused by the light source 51 at the front end · On the middle Part of the grain strikes the light of both light sources, the reflected to the photocell and summed in its intensity to produce a signal that is the same Has a voltage value like the signal that is generated by the direct illumination of the front end of the grain Light source 52 is uusgolöot. In a similar way the light source 51 on the rear end of the front sight. The result is an undisturbed, constant target value

609842/0006 <«

BATH ORIGINAL

signal 40 if a good grain in the Bebfcrachta-Eone enters this passes through and out of it again » occurs · Only when a grain occurs with a real dark spot, the photocell generates a deviating positive signal 43 »that doses the output introduces bad grain

! When a signal 43 is received, press a accordingly proßrairaniex'tOG electronic control unit 56 a compressed air device 57 including Düoe 58 to get across to 31 to expel a short, sharp jet of air in such a way that the Punched grain lengthways a path 59 in an outlet container 61 promoted v / lrd. If no signal 43 is generated, Since the grain 13 is good, it arrives along the path 31 to a head 62, which is just one of the two Expansion in the transverse direction adapted to the number of guides beoitzt * DicasG Hohr can start with an i: '. ack or a Sranaport or tipeie device connected »a.

In the Goaissten Auofiihrunßbeiopiel serve as light source len 35, 51 and 52 operated at high frequencies e.g. 20 kHz Fluoresocene lamps, slide through a common Coupling 60 are synchronized

Occasionally it is rousing de ο üetriobo that that sorted in each individual channel of the sorting device Product can be submerged. Owns for this purpose dao Rolir 62 (oak figure 0 and 9) has a side opening 63 and several individual sample tubes 64, which the opening 63 during normal operation of the sorting device Close without the tubes 64 crossing the above grains falling in the tube 62. The sample tubes are mounted ochwenkbar at 66 so that the upper pipe ends 67 individually inward and their open lower ends

609842/0006. - 12 -

8AjD ORIGINAL

be tilted towards the hand of an examining person can.

In FIG. 7 there is a further implementation for Lichtundurchlüdoi ^ c products dnrgcctellt, the yon both Sides must be examined · Both sides of the Route 31 of the guide 11 and photoelectric test facilities 33a and 33b arranged · Each photoreceptor has zv / ei -Lichtciuellen 51a and 52a or 51b and 52b, which are above and below the phototubes with the phototubes Ycrbundon · Each phototube eats in the in Fixed position shown in FIG. 7 against a background 36a b.w. 36b directed «Optionally, you can also adjustable backgrounds like 2.B. the background 36 According to FIG. 5, an air pressure nozzle 58a is attached above the observation device 32a.

- patent claims -

-IJ-

609842/0006

SAD ORIGINAL

Claims (5)

Claims 1. Device for testing and sorting granular objects, characterized by a guide channel (11) corresponding to the central longitudinal surface line (12) Path (31) arranged photocell arrangement (33, 34), which covers a region (32) of the path (31) which is not is longer than the mean length of the granular objects (13) in the sliding direction in the guide channel (11), by at least two light sources arranged above and below the photocell arrangement (33, 34) along the path (31) (51, 52), by an ejection device (57, 58) arranged adjacent to the path (31) for the selective deflection of the Objects out of the path (31) as a function of a signal supplied by the photocell arrangement (33, 34) one in the path (31) below the ejector (57, 58) Receiving device (62, 63, 64) for receiving undeflected objects (13), by a with respect to the photocell arrangement (33, 34) arranged on the other side of the path (31), against the detection area (32) of the Photo cell arrangement (33, 34) shielded third light source (35), by an adjacent to the path (31), directly opposite the photo cell arrangement (33, 34) arranged and through the third light source (35) illuminated background (36) having a flat surface that is essentially the same color like good objects (13), to induce a signal from the photocell arrangement (33, 34), which with one induced from the middle part of a good object (13) Signal is identical, is provided and by rotation about an axis which deviates from the normal of the flat surface, is adjustable, the ejection device (57, 58) only actuated when the signal from the photocell array 609 8 4 2/0006 (33, 34) significantly different from that induced by the background (36) Signal deviates. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1 for sorting elongated gray-white grains of rice, characterized in that the background (36) has a gray-white color and is rotatable so that it emits light of the same intensity as a good one Rice grain is reflected on the photocell arrangement (33, 34) that the ejection device (57, 58) is set in such a way that it responds to the reception of a signal indicating a dark spot on rice grains, and that the amplitude of this Signal differs significantly from that of the signal induced by the background (36). 3. Device according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that that for the detection of opaque objects (13) two photocell arrays (33a, 33b) on opposite sides Sides of the path (31) are provided that four light sources (51a, 51b, 52a, 52b) each above and below one Photocell arrangement are arranged and that in each case a background (36a, 36b) aligned with a respective photocell arrangement and the detection area (32a) are provided. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the receiving device (62, 63, 64) is a first elongated, in the way (31) lying tube (62) with an opening (63) at its top that on the On the top of the first tube, a second elongated tube (64) is pivotably arranged in such a way that it opens the opening (63) of the first tube (62) closes in a normal position in which both tubes are parallel, and that the second tube (64) can be pivoted into a sampling position in which it enters the upper end of the first tube (62) through the opening (63), so that good objects (13) can be removed as a sample via the second tube (64). 609842/0006 2285179 '^ 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to A _f, characterized in that the light sources (35, 51, 52, 51a, 51b, 52a, 52b) are high-frequency fluorescent tubes with ballasts which are synchronized by a common coupling (60) * 60 9 842/0006