DE2261325A1 - EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES FOR LOOSENING SOLID SOIL OR OTHER MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS MEISSNER & BOLTE

DIPL.-ING. HANS MEISSNER

DIPL.-ING, ERICH BOLTE 9 9 £ Λ QOC

D 28 BREMEN, December 13th, 1972 ~ | Slevogt Street 21

Federal Republic of Germany Applicant:. Telephone 0421-34201, UV BAGGERMAATSOHAPPIJ ■ 'Telegrams: PATME ₁ S BREMEN

BOS & KALIS
Rosmolenweg 2o
PAPENDRECHT / Netherlands

.- ¹ Our sign '511

Device and method for loosening solid soil or other material.

The invention relates to a device for loosening solid soil or similar material, which consists of an inclined Element exists which can be moved through the ground, the operative position of this element being such that the front side lies horizontally, is essentially transverse to the locomotion sriehtung and at the same time the lowest part One such device is for drawing gutters on the surface of the earth or for cutting out a strip of earth known from the bottom of a canal or a lake.

The force required to move such a device is very large and can often only be applied by using several power tugs at the same time _e This considerable pulling force is a result of the great resistance to

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Models sent in will be destroyed after 2 months, (all of which are not reclaimed. Oral agreements, in particular by telephone, require a written one Confirmation. The fee schedule for patent attorneys of the Chamber of Patent Attorneys is relevant for billing. The costs charged

are due on the invoice date without deduction. In the event of late payment, bank interest will be charged. Jurisdiction and place of performance Bremen.

Bremer Bank, Bremen. No. 23100 28 · Die Sparkasse in Bremen, No. 1045855 ■ Norddeutsche Kreditbank AG., No. 000 39719 · Postal checking account: Hamburg 33952-24

which the inclined element hits in the ground, this resistance being brought about essentially by the friction occurring between the element and the ground in contact with it. Attempts have been made to remedy this drawback by using a cutting or scraping tool, which in fact leads to a considerable saving in strength
On the other hand, it required relatively expensive and wear-and-tear equipment.

The invention is based on the object of solving the problem of the large tensile force in a different way and, furthermore, of obtaining a number of advantages over the prior art. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the upper surface of the inclined element is movable with respect to the rest of the part (the frame) of the element, and that this upper surface is provided with a drive mechanism with a power source for at least periodic mediation of a relative adjustment
this surface is provided with a component of movement that is directed transversely to the face, parallel to the upper surface, and upwards.

These measures result in a reversal of the frictional force on the upper surface of the inclined element due to the movement of this surface. The resultant of these occurring
This makes forces considerably more vertical than in the case of one
State-of-the-art device. This means that the horizontal component of the resultant is significantly smaller
with a corresponding reduction in the required tensile force.

The basic idea of the invention can be realized through the use of an endless belt, one of which is a strand forms the upper surface of the inclined element. This effective

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Part of the endless belt then moves in an upward direction and exerts an upward force on the ground above. Preferably, the invention However, the device is designed in such a way that the drive mechanism consists of at least one crank arranged in the frame or an eccentric with which, the upper surface is periodic can be moved back and forth with an effective stroke that has a significant component in the upward direction «,

As a result of the port movement of the element through the ground, this point on the upper surface becomes somewhat like a cycloid Describe the path of which only a part is effective, since there is little or no contact for the rest of this movement exists between the top surface and the bottom. During the effective stroke of the upper surface, the ground or material is pushed upwards, with the device itself in time their locomotion as a result of. temporal increase of the essentially vertically directed reaction force delayed or partially interrupts. This delay or this "standstill in locomotion can be caused by the elasticity of the between the Device and the machine moving this device through the ground or the material be included. As soon as the upper surface begins its ineffective stroke, the reaction force will decrease sharply and as a result, the device can move more easily in order to catch up with the delay or standstill in this way.

It should be noted that the mentioned crank or the eccentric, the periodic reciprocating movement of the inclined element serves, can rotate or oscillate. It is essential that the movement of the inclined element has the following phases goes through:

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a reduction in friction with the overlying ground due to the upward movement component;

- a solution of the element from the underlying reason;

- an upward impact force of the element against the Reason without too much frictional force;

- a lifting of the floor when the frame of the device is at a standstill " An artificially resilient switch can be installed in the connection between the equipment of the machine, to keep the frame at a standstill during the latter two phases despite the uninterrupted movement of the machine to enable. It is also conceivable to move the machine step by step, in which case the resilient switch is superfluous is.

A significant advantage of the preferred ones just described Embodiment consists in the periodic impact of the upper surface against the solid ground at the beginning of the effective stroke. This creates a shock effect, especially when it is used to break up unprocessed soil the appearance of cracks that promote further loosening of the soil. The vertical component of the Resultant of the resistance forces occurring, which by the measures according to the invention is considerably greater than in the State of the art can be intercepted in different ways. So it is possible to place support wheels above the ground, E.g. on both sides of the facility, on which the facility is suspended. Preferably, however the device according to the invention designed such that the frame with a support shoe that is horizontal in operation or with an underside lying essentially in one plane with the end face of the inclined element is provided. This Shoe can absorb the vertical component of the reaction force and is used when a periodic back and forth

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Recirculation can also be loaded periodically. As above has already been specified, the device may stand still during the occurrence of a considerable reaction force and then, after this force subsides again, "push".

The most economical effect of the device is obtained when the angle of inclination 'of the upper surface of the inclined element, the amplitude c ^ d, the speed η of the reciprocating motion, and the speed of movement ν of the device through the ground a mutual relationship according to the equation

▼ = C - /, 7i show, C / i_ C 4. ^ ■ - - τ- where: “.,. " _Λθ

In the machine according to the prior art, the working width of the inclined element is relatively small, otherwise the frictional forces that occur can no longer be overcome and the motor tractor or the tractor which the Facility to move through the ground due to insufficient adhesion in terms of the required pulling force start hatching. The device according to the invention is subject to this limitation and a preferred embodiment: is therefore characterized in that 'the upper surface has a considerable width and on both sides with the drive mechanism for exciting the relative, such as above, offset is provided.

Such a wide design enables the device to be used as a so-called bottom loosener, with a Loosening and also in a sense a mixture of the ground is intended. In this context it is not necessary that the upper surface is designed as a completely closed surface. This can be designed as a grid through through which part of the loosened ground falls back behind the facility. Such an execution ^ -

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form is also suitable as a mixer for a Sohüttgutquote to serve, through which the establishment moved through.

The broad embodiment just described is suitable also in particular for use as a ditch digger or as a ditch cleaner, in which case the top moving back and forth Area is given a profile corresponding to the desired trench profile. The earth that has been worked up can be turned to the side Direction, so that a trench with the desired profile is created behind the facility.

An underwater version is also appreciated, e.g. at the end of the suction pipe of a hopper excavator, whereby the periodically moving upper surface can detach a ground strip from the channel bottom or the seabed. Also on a suction excavator Cutting head, which is supposed to bring about a certain excavation of the bottom of a water basin in a lateral direction the device according to the invention find application.

If in the latter case the device according to the invention as Cutting member is used at the end of the suction pipe of a suction excavator with a cutting head, there is an advantageous embodiment in that the frame is swingably attached to two hinge points outside the suction tube, an upper one Surface has two parts, one of which is the mirror image of the other, and the support shoes enclose an angle to each other which is equal to the supplement of the oscillation angle.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, with a number of further features of the invention being described will.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the device in an embodiment

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management as a so-called wedge draining machine,

Figure 2 is a section along the line II-II in Figure 1,

Figures 5-5 show a kinematic picture of the periodic Adjustment of the inclined element in the execution of a back and forth stroke,

Figure 6 shows a variant of the device according to the figures 1 and 2, for loosening the soil or an old path,

Figure 7 shows in two views an embodiment as Mixer,

FIG. 8 shows a variant with which a trench can be dug or an existing trench can be cleaned can be,

.Figur 9 shows the possibility of the device for plowing or for loading a conveyor belt,

Figures 1o and 11 show two possible uses for the Soil cultivation under water, with Figure 1o the application on an ordinary suction dredger and figure the application to a suction dredger with a cutting head shows.

Figure 12 is a device for loosening and removing the ground "

As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, there is the device from an inclined element 1 that can be moved through the ground and also probably running wedge .genannt. The effective position shown in Figure 1 of this element is such that the front 2 is horizontal. In the

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■ »ft -

If an interchangeable attachment 3 is used, its front side 3 'is of course also horizontal. This front side 2 or 3 ¹ is transverse to the direction of movement (arrow P) and at the same time forms the lowest part of the element 1. It should be noted that the front side 2 can also be V-shaped or, for a particular reason, obliquely with respect to the direction of movement of the port · When working on a slope, the front side is not horizontal. The inclined element 1 is formed by an upper surface 4 and a frame 5, this upper surface being movable with respect to the frame. For this purpose, the upper surface 4 is provided with a drive mechanism 6 with a power source

7 provided. This mechanism 6 consists of at least one crank or an eccentric 8 which is located near the bottom of the Frame 5 is arranged. In the embodiment of Figure 1, a second crank or eccentric 8 is in the upper part of the frame 5, the latter crank being connected to the upper surface 4 via an intermediate link 9.

As can best be seen in Figure 2, the frame 5 is box-shaped and the upper surface 4 is U-shaped, with the legs of the U encompassing the box 5 · The eccentrics

8 are mutually connected by an endless chain 1o which is also looped around a drive pinion 11, which forms the drive source and via a PTO shaft 12 with a only partially illustrated motor tractor 13 is connected. With the help of the drive mechanism 6, the upper surface 4 can periodically a relative adjustment movement are transmitted with a movement component that is transverse to the front side 2 and is directed parallel to the upper surface 4. This component is important for the invention because it determines the direction the Hesultante to be overcome by the tractor 13 Reaction forces as a result of the friction changes in such a way that the horizontal component is considerably smaller than before is the case with the prior art, while the vertical

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cal component increases considerably ₀

Said movement component transversely to the front side 2 and parallel to the upper surface 4 can be achieved by using a Conveyor, e.g. B. an endless belt or an endless chain. Preferably, however, there is a back and forth moving upper surface, according to Figures 1 and 2 and according to the variants of Figures 6 to 11, application, the eccentric 8 through which the upper surface 4 is periodically moved back and forth give this upper surface an effective one Hub with a significant component in the upward direction »As a result the latter component is raised the reason with regard to the frame 5, .without that an adjustment with regard to enters the upper surface. As a result, the frictional losses are with respect to the conceivable design with a conveyor limited.

The relative adjustment of the upper surface 4 of the inclined element 1 is shown graphically in FIGS. 3 to 5. of the power tractor 13 selected as a unit. The speed of each point of the upper surface 4 is Vp = 2 // η £ ₉ where η represents the speed of each eccentric 8 and the eccentricity of this eccentric. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the path of any point A is indicated. This path is similar to a cycloid in that the displacement of each point of the upper surface 4 is made up of the movement of the motor tractor 13 and the rotation of the eccentric 8. In Figures 3 to 5 it is always assumed that the upper surface 4 is just beginning the return stroke when the friction with the ground pressed up during the previous stroke has subsided.This ground can follow the upper surface or the return stroke can be very small, however, there is always a considerable reduction in friction. At the point marked C, point A on the upper surface is again exposed to greater contact pressure with the ground.

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The velocity components ν. and V ₂ and the resulting speed v are shown. From this it follows that the upper surface 4 strikes with a shock against the still unprocessed base and thereby has a promoting effect on the tearing away. The still solid ground is pressed in an upward direction, the reaction force being absorbed by the frame 5.

As can be seen from Figures 3 to 5, all points' the upper surface 4 moves from the point C-D, where the return stroke begins again and the reaction force quickly subsides. In the In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the (vertical) reaction force just described is absorbed by the support shoe 14 of the frame 5. The horizontal underside of the shoe 14 lies essentially in one plane with the front side 2 of the inclined element 1. The frame 5 is in the upward direction for hanging the entire device on some arms 15 of a conventional lifting device on the rear side of the motor tractor 13 extended. On the rear side of the frame 5 is an arrangement 16 for bringing up a drainage pipe, which is placed on the bottom of the processed base strip, is provided. The one from the The upper surface 4 loosened ground flows over or along the frame 5 back into the space behind the entire facility return.

Above is the use of a conveyor as the upper surface of the inclined element 1. The periodically back and forth The moving U-shaped plate 4 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, however, has significant advantages over a conveyor in that such a plate can be very strong. Furthermore, such a plate has few movable members in comparison to a sponsor. Furthermore, there are almost no links exposed to wear, while the plate 4 has the advantage has that it can deliver an impact force at the point marked C (Figures 3 to 5) of its path.

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With reference to FIG. 2, it should also be noted that within the box-shaped frame 5, a sprocket 17 for cooperation with the drive chain 1o is present. That’s another turning point Mass or a flywheel 18 connected, which may be a counterweight to balance the from the top surface 4 resulting reciprocating forces.

The embodiment according to FIG. 6 corresponds essentially to the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, however, the frame 5 is not provided with the arrangement 16 for laying a drainage line Mistake. In the vicinity of the lower eccentric 8, a counterweight 19 is shown in dashed lines. The establishment according to this embodiment essentially serves as a soil loosener, the upper surface 4 breaking the soil, the soil then pushes up and sideways along the device and falls into the furrow behind the device. In this It should also be noted that the movement of the frame 5 through the floor is not always correspondingly uniform the locomotion of the motor tractor 13 needs to take place. During the upward stroke of the upper surface 4, the downward-facing, Reaction force absorbed by the support shoe 14 must be so great that the frame 5 comes to a standstill. By getting around of the motor tractor 13 is then an elastic deformation of the suspension 15 of the frame 5 and the assignment of a hydraulic, connected to a hydraulic accumulator 33 Cylinder 34 allows. As soon as the upper surface 4 begins the return stroke, the frame 5 can remove the residue in the Make up for forward movement.

It should be noted that the vertical reaction force on the frame 5 also comes from one or more of the ground surface rolling and properly connected to the frame 5 support wheels can be included.

The embodiment according to FIG. 7 is such that the upper surface 4

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has a considerable width. This area is on both Pages with a drive mechanism 6 for exciting the relative Adjustment or the back and forth stroke provided. The upper surface in this case consists of a number of slats 2o that form a grid. With the help of this grid, the ground in front of the surface 4 is loosened and mixed on what the ground moves between the slats 2o and gets into the space behind the facility.

Figure 8 also shows a broad embodiment, wherein the upper surface 4 has a profile corresponding to the desired width and embankment shape of a digging or cleaning Has trench. The upper plate 4 guides the loosened ground upwards in the direction of a discharge conveyor 21 »the removed the bottom sideways. A rotatable cutting device 22 provides for the chopping up of the large clods. FIG. 8 b shows the profile of the trench before and after the passage through the device shown in FIG. 8 a.

FIG. 9 shows a device with the aid of which a base strip is passed up and then cut into slices and vice versa is put back on the floor. To this end, the upper surface 4 is near the upper end with a horizontal one Part provided over which a rotating cutting knife 23 is mounted. This' facility can also be used for loading a conveyor belt with z. B. soil or ore used be, the loading is carried out in such a way that the soil carried up is either crushed or not crushed drops on a tape.

Figure to shows a device attached to the end of the suction pipe 24 of a (not shown) tractor excavator. A cutting knife is usually provided at the end of such a suction pipe, which in this case is made up of a grille.

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formed upper surface of the device according to the invention will. The grid consists of horizontal bars 25 and vertical bars 26 which are curved in the direction of the suction flow are. A cutting knife 27 is provided on the underside, which is specially designed for working on hard surfaces. The duroÄ the elements 25 to 27 formed ober® surface 4 is about the drive mechanism according to "dar Figra? 1 kin and moved here. The frame 5 of the device is nodding at one but coupled to the motor tows located above the ground at 28 at the end of a suction pipe 24 articulated A hydraulic Veretellkolben 29 is for adjusting the angular position of the Gestella 5 provided with respect to the suction tube 24, sadaS the Steox depth of the upper surface 4 or of the cutting knife 27 is determined can be. ·.

In operation, a base strip is loosened and water is both on the upper side as well as on the lower side © of the basic strip be sucked in * This water flow flows over the Grate bars 25 and 26 and has a promoting effect on the loosening and carrying along of the basic strip shown in FIG. 1o a »In the same figure is the unfolded one in dashed lines Position of the device according to the invention shown · This opening option represents an overload clauts ,, when the cutting knife 27 encounters an "obstacle such as a cable" a wreck or a boulder. Figure 1o "b shows the Power source 7 in the form of a hydraulic motor with axial plungers (pistons). . ,

FIG. 11 shows the use of the device according to the invention as a cutting member at the end of the suction pipe 3o of a suction excavator (not shown) with a cutting head. The frame 5 is swingingly attached to two articulated points 31 outside the suction pipe 4 ¹ and 4 ". The frame 5 is provided with two support shoes 14 'and 14", which mutually support one another

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Supplement the oscillation angle of the frame include the same angle · The size of this oscillation angle is determined by the base length 32 at the end of the suction pipe 3o · * When the direction of oscillation is changed, the cutting head adjusts according to the figure 11 «I inevitably order · The cutting force is opposite to the conventional Sohneideköpfe significantly reduced, which means that the vibrating force to be imparted by the suction excavator essentially of the resistance of the suction pipe 3o in the Water is determined. This creates any additional stress on the effective upper surface 4 * or 4 "act quickly» so that the swinging movement as a whole is protected in a simple manner can be

In all of the embodiments described so far, the relative adjustment of the upper surface is 4 »d. H. the reciprocation by the use of two eccentrics 8 nearby the ends of the face preserved. In the embodiments according to Figures 1 and 6 to 1o it is possible to use the upper eccentric omit and replace it with a swinging piece. The most important refractive power for the ground is supposed to be conveyed by the lower part of the upper surface 4. Therefore the presence of the eccentric 8 at this point is of great importance

It is also possible to connect the upper flat 4 at two points with an intermediate member 9 and to move the to and fro derived from a connecting rod. Figure 12 to be explained below is an example of this. The back and forth movement can even be straight, provided that the Angle with regard to the floor, the amplitude and the frequency of the stroke, the speed of movement and the angle of the upper surface 4 are coordinated with one another in such a way that In addition to the periodically occurring upward movement component, there is also at least one small retreating component Movement brought about by the upper surface. In the

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Application under water (Figures 1o and 11) is intended to be retreating Movement to be less, so that the creation of a local depression is avoided «

FIG. 12 shows a variant for loosening and removing the ground. The inclined element 1 "again consists of an upper one Surface 4, which is connected to the frame via two intermediate links 9.

The drive mechanism 6 is by a reciprocating Driving rod 35 formed ", near the upper end a conveyor belt 36 is arranged on the surface 4 and adjoining it a second sponsor 37

There is also the possibility of equipping the bumper blade of a grading ramp with the arrangement according to the invention It was found that in such a case the total mass pressed up is considerably greater than in a conventional one Tool, especially if because of the nature of the Soil surface soon slip occurs.

In summary, it can be said that the advantages of the invention consist in that to stimulate a relative displacement of the upper surface 4 of the inclined element a very Considerable power savings and consequently power savings by changing the direction of the resultant of the occurring Resistance forces is achieved. The required drive mechanism can be kept very simple and the whole construction can be made very robust, so that great forces and the whole facility can work with a large capacity.

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Claims (1)

Expectations Device for loosening solid soil or the like Material consisting of an inclined element that can be moved through the ground, being the operative position this element is such that the end face lies horizontally, is essentially transverse to the direction of port movement and at the same time forms the lowest part of the element, characterized in that the upper surface (4) of the inclined Element (l) with respect to the remaining part (5) (the frame) of the element is movable, and that this upper surface with a drive mechanism (6) with power source (7) for at least periodic transmission of a relative adjustment of this surface is provided, with a component of movement that is transverse to the face, parallel to the upper surface, and facing upwards. 2.) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism (6) consists of one arranged in the frame Crank or an eccentric (8), with which the upper surface (4) can be moved back and forth periodically with an effective stroke that has a significant component in the upward direction. 3.) Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the frame (5) is provided with a support shoe (l4) which is horizontal during operation, the underside of which is essentially lies in one plane with the end face (2) of the inclined element (l). 409808/0754 4.) Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the angle of inclination (b ^) of the upper surface (4) of the inclined element (l), the amplitude (£) and the speed (Tt) of the reciprocating movement ' and the port moving speed (v) of the device by reason of a mutual relationship according to the equation ^{have v = σ} £ ⁿ , where 0 -C C Z. 2 0 ° JL o ^ JL 90 ° 5.) Setup according to one of the. preceding claims, 'thereby characterized in that the upper surface (4) is of considerable width and with a drive mechanism on both sides is provided to stimulate the relative adjustment. 6.) Device according to claim 2 or J, characterized in that that at least one of the eccentrics (8) BEZW with a co-rotating mass. a flywheel (l8) and / or a counterweight (19) is provided for balancing a movable upper surface (4). 7.) Device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that that the frame (5) is box-like and that the upper surface (4) is U-shaped ^, the Grip the leg of the U around the box. 8.) Device according to one of claims 2 to I _3, characterized in that the eccentrics (8) are mutually connected by at least one endless chain (lo) which is also looped around a drive pinion (7). 409808 / 07S4 9 ·) Device according to claim 3 as a cutting member at the end of the Suction pipe of a suction excavator used, characterized in that the frame (5) swinging at two articulated points (51) is attached outside the suction tube and that a upper surface (4) has two mirror-inverted parts, with the support shoes (IV and IV) a mutual Include an angle that is equal to the supplement of the oscillation angle. IoJ.Einrichtung according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in the connection (15) between the frame (5) of the device and the port moving machine (13) an artificially resilient member such as a hydraulic accumulator (33 * 3 ^) is installed. 11) .Method of reducing the resistance of a Floor or other material moved inclined element, which consists of a frame and one with respect to it movable upper surface, characterized in that the upper surface is moved back and forth in such a way that periodically an upward movement component parallel to the surface arises, which adjusts the upper one Surface in the direction of the up, pressed material in order to reduce the occurring friction follows. For the applicant: Meissner & Bolte December 13, 1972 patent attorneys Note to N.V. BAGGERMAATSCHAPPIJ
BOS & KALIS
Rosmolenweg 2o,
PAPSNDRECHT, Netherlands 409808/0754