DE2261182A1 - PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FIBER MATERIAL FROM A SYNTHETIC, THERMOPLASTIC FILM - Google Patents

Description

It is known that films or tapes are made from
Molecularly orientable synthetic thermoplastic organic polymers such as certain polyolefins, polyamides and polyesters, to which certain additives such as polystyrene and calcium carbonate are sometimes added, can be given a molecular uniaxial orientation. Such molecularly oriented films in the form of strips and ribbons can be used for the production of woven or knitted material. However, these materials often have
the natural tendency to fray. These

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Property is disadvantageous both in terms of being woven or ribbons or strips to be knitted, especially when twisted. These Defibration occurs spontaneously, at least to some extent, when the yarn or fibers are drawn will. Often, however, it is also desirable to maintain a certain degree of fraying, which can be achieved in that the film-like material is treated accordingly, for example by disintegrating with needles or by twisting or by scrubbing or rubbing.

There is therefore the task of treating a film-like material of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that that the tendency to fray or fibrillate is reduced, which occurs in particular when the Material is subjected to a pull.

According to the present invention, a method is proposed in which the polymeric film material is temporarily in contact with two surfaces, which form a pressure gap, at least one of these surfaces being movable and wherein the material fed to the gap has a temperature at which the material is in plastic state before it enters the gap. The gap surfaces are on a Maintained temperature at which the material cooled down so far during passage through the gap will be that it is in a largely aplastic state before or while it is out the gap emerges, and during the transition from the plastic to the non-plastic state a mechanical processing of the material occurs.

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For a material that has a high degree of uniaxial orientation after stretching is present in the molecular structure, and which has the natural tendency to fray, is according to the Invention proposed in a further step that the tape or strips between a gap be performed, in which the gap surfaces have the same linear speed. Preferably one of the surfaces is elastically deformable and consists, for example, of rubber, wherein at least one of the surfaces is the surface of a roller.

In a preferred embodiment, the pressure gap is formed by the surfaces of two rotating rollers, one surface being elastically deformable at least within the gap, so that the linear velocity impressed on the film material as it passes through the gap to change. Preferably the width of the film is less than the nip width of the rollers, see above that when one of the rollers is driven, the other roller by the direct contact between the Rolls in the end areas of the gap is driven by the driven roller. Preferably occurs the film material is hot extruded directly into the gap, whereby it is still in the plastic state.

The degree of smoothness of the cleavage surfaces should be such that a transparent film results. It is also possible that at least one of the cleavage surfaces is so rough that the film appears matt.

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In one embodiment, the surface can be at least one of the rollers forming the gap Series of individual pits or surface irregularities, no less of which than 100 per inch, the depth being substantially less than the thickness of the film material. The degree of plasticity of the film material is chosen so that these depressions or surface irregularities transferred to the film.

In a further process step according to the invention, the film or the film-like tape is cut lengthways into a series of narrow strips or ribbons. After the material emerges it is stretched out of the gap in the warm or hot state, so that the uniaxial orientation occurs in the molecular structure. These steps are carried out when the tapes so produced or stripes are woven together. It is natural to extrude correspondingly narrow bands or strips splitting in the longitudinal direction is not necessary.

For certain materials, after the material is uniaxially oriented, it is defibrated, for example on a needle roller fibrillator.

The film material is preferably polypropylene or high density polyethylene.

The invention relates to film materials of fibrillated, i. H. frayed kind or not frayed Kind and in particular woven tapes and cords when the material is made according to the invention.

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For experiments a pressure nip was used ₉ which was formed by the surfaces of two rotating rollers which had the same surface speed and one of the rollers was made of metal and the other had a Guraii coating Rubber roller in the gap mechanical processing of the film material occurred while the film material was at least to a substantial degree plastic, the material being cooled in such a way that it was largely non-plastic ^ before it or while it emerged from the gap It was found that the mechanical processing led to the advantageous results and that this processing prevented the formation of spheres in the molecular structure of the film material, or at least significantly reduced the size of this spherical formation causing inn er movements within the film material to such an extent that the molecular structure has no spherical formation or at least the size of the molecular spheres is significantly reduced.

It has been found that when the film is slit lengthways or the edges are trimmed the risk of tearing is far lower than with a normal film when it is in the stretching zone comes. Furthermore, less force is required to stretch the film material and the stretching can run more evenly.

The invention therefore not only has advantages with regard to the end product, but also advantages in

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Regarding a cheaper manufacturing process. The procedure is particular to such products cheap, where the material is pulled and then is further processed and the product should not have any tendency to fray. One of the most important areas of application are woven materials. The fabrics are strips an oriented plastic material, usually Polyolefins and in particular polypropylene and high density polyethylene that are used for sacks, bales, as well as for underlays on tufted carpets. Instead of web strips, it can be this also involves knitted stripes. Do these materials have too great a tendency to fray on, there is a great risk that during the processing of the material into the end product, it will become frayed occur with the result that a loss of strength occurs and the production yield continues decreased due to frequent interruptions. If a material is used, which according to the present Invention was produced, there is the surprising effect that the tendency to fray Surprisingly, it is significantly reduced or completely prevented. The strip material is more robust, has a larger coverage factor, and in particular is far better suited to one without cracking To withstand bending and kinking. Due to the far lower tendency to fiberize, you can use handle the material much better, especially in operations such as winding, rearing, weaving and Tufting. As for tufting, so-called "bursting" of the woven strip is also used in the The needles used for tufting have significantly reduced the underlying fabric, which in turn enables finer tufting and

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furthermore that resulting from the tufting Loss of strength is reduced. The increased resistance to bending and kinking leads to a increased efficiency in weaving and knitting and also has a beneficial effect on the resulting from these Products made from fibers.

Also from the standpoint of the end products, the invention has advantages in twisting and cords. These threads and cords are usually made from a strip of oriented plastic material which is twisted, causing fraying so that the end product is in the form of a coarse yarn. This thread is used for tying packaging and other goods, for example, for bundling of letters, for tying bales, etc. "existence of the yarns of a conventional plastic material since they rapidly lose their strength by the mechanical stress. However, if the twisted thread is made from a material which is produced in accordance with the present method, its properties are significantly improved, ie a loss of strength as a result of mechanical stress is significantly reduced.

With regard to the end products, it was also found that the defibration of a film, which according to of the invention, for example as a result of the use of a needle or the like Fibrillators, does not occur in the same way as with conventional shredded film. in the In particular, the fiber denier and the area of the denier can be set more precisely. For example one can obtain finer fibers with a narrower distribution in a given fiberization process

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produce. Furthermore, the hair on the fibers is much finer and this means that the Fibers have a cleaner appearance compared to conventionally fibrillated film fibers.

In all these cases it has been found that by using a high pressure in the nip, through appropriate temperatures and through the mechanical processing of the material, if possible after the material has been molded, the toughness increases and it is suitable for most areas of application it is advantageous that the material has a high degree of toughness.

All of these aforementioned advantages are obtained when the surfaces of the gap are smooth enough so that a transparent film results. Further and cheaper advantages are achieved if one or both cleavage surfaces are rough enough to result in a dull film. The latter step is carried out where the end product should have a low gloss. The resulting roughness one or both sides of the film leads to an improved receptivity of inks and overall to a better absorption capacity of liquids. The roughness of either or both Film surfaces also lead to improved frictional properties in some areas of application. if the roughness of one or both gap surfaces is achieved by depressions or surface irregularities, where there is a frequency and an order of magnitude as mentioned before, then this further reduces the tendency to fray.

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The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 A first embodiment of a system for Implementation of the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2 Schematically the view

a fibrillation system as part of a system for carrying out the invention Procedure.

Fig. 3 The schematic view of a modified part the system according to Fig. 1 and

Fig. 4-

modified parts of the system according to FIG. 1.

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The extruder 10 has a slot 12, the so is arranged that the extrudate emerges vertically downward in the form of a plate conveyor 14 and into the Gap between a smooth cooled metal roll and another roll 18 occurs, the surface the other roller 18 has a smooth surface made of silicone rubber. The cooled roller 16 is cooled inside by circulating water in connection with a thermostatic control. The rubber-coated roller 18 is cooled by a cooling roller 20 which is resiliently attached to the Roller 18 is pressed. The belt 14 is then under the roller 16 around and then over a another cooled roll 21, from where it is then fed to a series of slitting tools 22, which splits the ribbon into several narrow ribbons or strips. The split band is then through a hot air oven 24 is drawn, which is arranged between two tension and idler drive roller sets 26,28. The roller set 28 rotates with it a higher peripheral speed than the rollers of the first roller set 26, whereby the belts or Strips are drawn and with which the material is oriented in the longitudinal direction. From the reels of the In the second set of rollers, the strips or strips pass into a tempering furnace and from there to a third Roll set 32 in which shrinkage of the bands or strips occurs. Ultimately, the Ribbons or strips wound on separate reels 31.

Fig. 2 shows a fibrillation or fiberization unit, which the tape produced according to FIG. 1 can be fed, the cutting device 22, the tempering furnace 30, the transport rollers 32 and

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the coils 31 come to an end. This Fibrillierr or fiberization unit comprises a needle roller fibrillation or fiberizing device 40, a spin-finish applicator 42 and a collecting container 44.

The Flg. 3 shows an arrangement with which it is possible to replace the rollers 16, 18, 20 according to FIG. This arrangement consists of smooth rollers 16, 18 including a circulating water bath 46, into which the lower part of the roller 18 is immersed, and a scraper 48.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 4, the extrudate 14 is in the gap between two smooth rubber rollers 50 and 52 led. The undersides of both rollers are immersed in a thermostatically controlled water bath 54. The guides 56 in the bath 54 are used to guide the tape or film material, which ultimately is discharged via a roller 58. In the case of the rollers 50, 52 and 58, wiper rubbers 60 are provided.

The arrangement according to FIG. 5 consists of a cooled roller 62, a silicone rubber roller 64 and a chill roll 66 resting against the rubber roll 64. An endless smooth rubber belt 70 is passed around a substantial part of the circumference of the roller and has surface irregularities on. A guide roller 68 is also provided. A cooling roller 72 is arranged in the area of roller 68 and runs between rollers 68 and 72 the ribbon.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 6, there is a cooling roller 74 and a series of guide rollers 76, 78,

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80 iind 82 present, with these guide rollers a smooth thick silicone rubber coated tape 84 is guided. This belt 84 is cooled through a cooling roller 85 *

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, a smooth rubber roller 86 works together with a cooling roller Furthermore, a smooth cooling roller 90 is provided, the arrangement as a whole being such that the extrudate 14 passes from the gap 12 onto the upper side of the circumference of the roller 86. From here it will Extrudate 14 passed around half the circumference of roller 86 and then enters the gap between rollers 86 and 90. An air nozzle 92 is arranged below the exit gap of the extruder, which is aligned with the extrudate 14 as it exits the gap.

Some examples are explained below.

Example I.

This process is carried out with a system according to FIG. 1. Polypropylene resin with a Melt index of 3.0 is extruded from the extruder head 12 of a 2.5 inch (63.5 mm) extruder 10, whereby the temperature in the entrance area is 220 ° C, in the end area 260 ° C and in the extruder head as well 260 ° C. The extruder head has a 20 inch (50.8 cm) slot, the slot width of which 0.022 in. (0.56 mm) and where the RPM and exit velocity are chosen are that the film is 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) thick.

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Al

The extrudate is vertically the nip between the smooth cooling roller 16 and the smooth Silicone rubber roll 18 is fed, this nip being 3 inches (76.2 mm) apart from the outlet nozzle. The temperature of the chill roll 16 is 30 ° C. and the surface of the rubber roller 18 is 85 ° C. The surface speed both rolls 16 and 18 are set at 50 feet (15.25 m) per minute. The rubber roller 18 (total diameter 6 in.) (152.4 mm) has a rubber coating of 0.75 in. (19.05 mm) Thickness with a Shore hardness of 70 ° / 75 °. The roller is pressed in the direction of the cooling roller 16, so that there was a load of 50 pounds per inch in the nip area in the direction parallel to the roll axes (22.6 kg / 25.4 mm) results. The contact in the gap exceeds the width of the extruded tape at each Side by 3 inches (76.2 mm) so that the squeegee roller 18 is substantially dragged by the chill roller 16 will. The effect of the rollers 16 and 18 on the extrudate (film material) is a mechanical processing in the sense described above.

. Against the back of the rubber roller 18 presses the cooling roller 20, the task of which is the To keep rubber roll 18 as cool as possible, the temperature at the surface of this chill roll is kept at 30 ° C by circulating water inside. The cooled film will the cutting blades 22 fed, and the resulting strips are in, hot air oven 24 at a Temperature of 150 ° C hot stretched, whereby the Stretch ratio is 7 to 1. Then arrive the tapes in a tempering furnace 30 which has a temperature of 160 ° C. The speed of the

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Godet rollers 32 are chosen so that there is a total shrinkage of 4 % in the bands or strips produced in this way. The cutting blades are arranged to produce 100Ö denier strips or ribbons.

The strips or tapes are wound onto separate reels 31, placed on a winding frame, drawn off, fed to a chain shearer and then woven on a loom, such as a loom made by James Mackie & Sons Limited in Belfast, the weft from the the same band material as the chain.

The fabric is suitable as a tufted carpet material, taking into account the properties of the end product are the same as those mentioned in connection with web material. All of these advantages result, as already mentioned, in a reduction in the tendency to fray. The thus generated Fabric is ideally suited as a base for tufted carpets.

High density polyethylene can also be used in place of polypropylene.

Example II

This method is also carried out on a system according to FIG. 1.

The polypropylene resin has a flow index of 3.0 and is extruded from an extruder head 12 of a 2.5 inch (63.5 mm) extruder 10, where

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Ki

the temperature in the inlet zone 220 ° C and in the Outlet zone is 260 ° C. The temperature in the extruder head is also 260 °. The extruder head has a slot of 20 inches (50.8 cm) and a gap width of 0.022 inches (0.56 mm), wherein the speed of the conveyor screw and the exit speed are chosen so that gives a film thickness of 0.005 inches (0.43 mm).

The extrudate is then fed over a 3 inch (76.2 mm) length to the nip between the smooth chill roll 16 and the smooth silicone rubber roll 18, the surface temperatures of which are maintained at 30 ° C and 85 ° C, respectively. The surface speed of both rolls 16 and 18 is 50 feet (15.25 m) _per minute. The rubber roller (overall diameter 6 inches) (152.4 mm) is coated with rubber 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) thick, the Shore hardness being 70 ° / 75 °. The rolls are pressed against one another so that the nip pressure is 90 pounds (40.6 kg / 25.4 mm) per inch per year. The nip width exceeds the film width by 3 inches (76.2 mm ) _t on each side so that the rubber roller 18 is substantially entrained by the chill roller 16. The effect of the rollers 16 and 18 on the extrudate (film material) consists in a mechanical processing of this extrudate in the sense described above. A cooling roller 20 rests against the back of the rubber roller 18, the function of which is to keep the rubber roller 18 as cool as possible. The surface temperature of the cooling roller is 30 ° C due to the cooling liquid circulating inside it.

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The film is then fed to the cutting blades 22, the bands or strips thus produced being stretched in the hot air oven 24 at a temperature of 150 ° C. with a stretching ratio of 7 to 1. The strips or tapes are then fed to the tempering furnace 30, which has a temperature of 160.degree. The speed of the deflecting rollers 32 is selected so that there is a shrinkage of h% in the ribbons or strips produced in this way. The cutting blades are arranged in such a way that the resulting ribbons or strips have 1000 denier. The ribbons or strips are wound on separate spools, these ribbons or strips showing a lower tendency to fibrillation and greater rigidity than those according to Example I. The spools 31 are then unwound, the material fed to a chain shearer and then on a loom, such as a Woven loom of the James Mackie & Sons Limited company in Belfast. The fabric obtained in this way is suitable as a base for tufted carpets, the favorable properties of the end product being seen in the reduction in the fibrillation properties.

High density polyethylene can also be used in place of polypropylene.

Example III

The method is carried out with a system modified by the fibrillator 40 of FIG according to Fig. 1. The polypropylene resin having a flow index of 3 »0 is extruded from an extruder head 12 of a 2 1/2 inch (63.5 mm) extruder 10,

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which has a temperature of 220 ° at the inlet and a temperature of 260 ° at the outlet. The temperature in the extruder head is also 260 °. The extruder head has a 20 inch (50.8 cm) slot with a 0.022 inch (0.56 mm) gap. the The speed of the extruder hoods and the exit speed are chosen so that a film of 0.003 inches (0.076 mm) thick. The extrudate 14 is stretched over a length of 3 inches (76.2 mm) fed to the nip between a smooth cooling roller and a smooth silicone rubber roller 18, The surface temperatures are 30 ° and 65 ° C, respectively. The peripheral speed of the two Rollers 16 and 18 is 50 feet (15.25 m) each !Minute. The rubber coating of the rubber roller 18 (total diameter 6 inches) ('152.4 mm) has a Thickness of 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) and the Shore hardness is 70 ° / 75 °. The roller 18 is in the direction of the gap pressed to give a linear pressure of 50 pounds per inch (22.6 kg / 25.4 mm). The gap width exceeds the film width by 3 inches on both sides (76.2 mm), so that the rubber roller 18 is essentially carried along by the cooling roller 16. The effect of the rollers 16 and 18 on the extrudate (film material) is mechanical processing, as described earlier.

Against the back of the rubber roller 18 presses a smaller cooling roller 20, its function in it consists of keeping the rubber roller 18 as cool as possible by circulating inside it Cooling medium the surface is kept at 30 ° C. The film appears as a wide band at 140 ° C hot air oven 24 supplied, stretched there

■ with an aspect ratio of 8 to 1 and then

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guided over a needle roller fibrillator 40 »wherein a fibrous network results which is suitable for being processed into a fiber bundle by stretching to become.

Six ends of the fiber fleece produced in this way are doubled in a Pinmack or stretching frame James Mackie & Sons Limited in Belfast in a stretching ratio of 6 to 1 and then spun in one Spinning frame. The resulting yarn is suitable for tufted carpets.

The yarn produced in this way has very fine spinnable fibers and can be processed into woven fabrics and can also be used as a pile in tufted carpets. By the use of Rollers 16, 18 with a rough surface achieve a matt appearance.

Example IV

The method is carried out with a system modified by a device according to FIG. 3 according to Fig. 1.

The polypropylene resin having a melt flow index (viscosity index) of 3.0 is extruded from an extruder head of a 2.5 inch (6315 mm) extruder with an inlet temperature of 220 ° C and an outlet temperature of 260 ° C, which temperature is also present in the extruder head 12. the extruder head has a 20 inch (50.8 cm) slot with a slot width of 0.022 inch (0.56 _mm)> and the speed of the extruder screw and the discharge speed are so

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chosen that a film of Ö, OO5 inches (0.13 mm) Thickness results.

The extrudate 14 is fed to a nip spaced 3 inches (76.2 mm) between a smooth chill roll 16 and a smooth silicone rubber roll 18, the surface temperatures being 30 ° C and 70 ° C, respectively. The peripheral speed of both rollers 16, 18 is 50 feet per minute (15.25 m). The coating of the rubber roller 18 (total diameter 6 inches) (152.4 mm) has a thickness of 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) and the Shore hardness is 70 ° / 75 ° _o The orphan 18 is in the direction of the roller 16 so loaded that there is a linear pressure of 70 pounds per cm in the nip. The gap width exceeds the width of the film on both sides by 3 inches (76.2 mm) so that the rubber roller 18 is essentially carried along by the chill roller 16. The rubber roller 18 is arranged so that it is partly immersed in a circulating water bath 46 immersed, the thermostatically controlled temperature of which is kept at 50 ° C. The water carried along by the roller is scraped off by a correspondingly arranged scraper according to FIG. 3. As already described, the effect of the rollers 16 and 18 is to mechanically process the extrudate (film material), as already mentioned.

The film tape is then fed to a series of cutting knives, the resulting ones Ribbons or strips in the hot air oven 24 at a temperature of 150 ° with a stretching ratio are stretched from 7 to 1 «The tapes or strips then pass into a tempering furnace 30, the one

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Has a temperature of ΛβΟ °. The speed of the deflecting rollers 32 is chosen so that there is a shrinkage or shrinkage of h% . The cutting knives are arranged so that the resulting ribbons or strips are 1000 denier.

The tapes or strips are wound on separate spools, as in Examples I and II placed on a winding frame, unwound and reared on a direct chain shearer and then in a conventional loom, for example a loom from the Sultzer company. The shot consists of a strip that is similar or the same as the chain.

The resulting fabric is suitable, among other things, for bales and sacks. The material has the the same advantages as mentioned in connection with Examples I and II.

High density polyethylene can also be used in place of polypropylene.

Example V

The method described below is carried out on a plant according to FIG. 1, which is modified is with a device according to FIG. 4.

The polypropylene resin having a flow index of 3.0 is extruded from the extruder head 12 of one 2.5 inch (63t5 now) extruder. The temperature at the inlet is 220 °, that at the outlet is 260 °, the latter temperature also being present is in the extruder head. The extruder head has a

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conventional 20 inch (50.8 cm) long slot with a gap width of 0.022 inches (0.56 mm). The rotation of the screw and the run-out speed are selected to result in a tape of film 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) thick.

The extrudate is vertically one in 2 inches (50.8 mm) Spaced roller gap between two identical smooth rubber rollers 50, 52 (Fig. 4) supplied, each of which has a peripheral speed of 50 feet (15.25 m) per minute. Both rollers 50, 52 have 6 inches (152.4 mm) in diameter. The coating is 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) thick and the Shore hardness of the surface is 70 ° / 75 °. The load in the gap is .40 pounds (18.1 kg) per inch. Both rollers are immersed in a water bath 54, the temperature of which is kept thermostatically at 30 ° C, so that it is ensured that the surface temperature of the rollers is 60 ° C. The effect of the Rolling 50, 52 on the extrudate (film material) consists of mechanical processing. The tape kicks in from the nip and is guided around two stationary guides 56, the. inside the bath 54 are arranged. The film is then removed from the water bath and the water adhering to the film is stripped by suitable means before the film tape is fed to the cutting blades.

The film tape then arrives at the cutting knives and the strips produced are hot stretched in the Hot air oven 24 at a temperature of 150 ° C., the stretching ratio being 7 to 1. Then arrive the strips in a 160 ° hot annealing furnace 30, and are passed from there over the pulleys 32, which have such a speed that the total

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Shrinkage or shrinkage is 4 % in the strips or ribbons thus produced. The cutting knives are spaced from one another such that the resulting strips or ribbons are 1000 denier.

The strips or tapes are spooled onto separate spools, placed on a spool frame, unwound and reared on a direct chain shearer and then on a company loom Mackie interwoven. The weft consists of a similar or the same material as the chain.

The resulting fabric is particularly well suited as a backing for tufted carpets with the advantages already described above, these advantages being primarily due to the reduced tendency to fibrillation.

High density polyethylene can also be used in place of polypropylene.

Example VI

The method described below is carried out with a device according to FIG. 5 modified system according to FIG. 1.

The polypropylene resin having a flow index of 3.0 is extruded from an extruder head 12 of one 2.5 inch (63.5 mm) extruder. In the feed zone there is a temperature of 220 ° and in the outlet zone, and in the extruder head 12 there is a temperature of 260 °. The extruder head has a 20 inch (50.8 cm) slot with a

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Slot width of 0.022 in. (0.156 mm). As before, the screw speed and exit speed are selected to give a film thickness of 0.005 inches (0.13 mm). The extrudate 14 passes into the 3 inch (76.2 mm) away gap between the smooth endless rubber belt 70 _$ which is led around the cooling roll 62 and the smooth silicone rubber roller 64 * m at the peripheral speed of 50 feet (15.25 m) per Minute. The surface temperatures of the rubber belt 70 and the rubber roller 64 are determined by the cooling rollers 72 and 66 (FIG. 5) and are 60 ° and 90 ° C. respectively.

The endless rubber belt 70 has a Shore hardness of 65 ° / 70 °, while the rubber roller 64 has a Shore hardness of 70 ° / 75 °. The surfaces are each smooth and the rubber roller 64 is pressed toward the nip so that there is a pressure of 50 pounds (22.6 kg) per inch in the nip. The width of the gap exceeds the width of the film tape on both sides by 3 inches (76.2 mm) so that the belt or tape 70 is essentially driven by the rubber roller 64. Mechanical processing of the extrudate (film material) takes place as it passes through the gap.

The back presses against the rubber roller 64 a small chill roll 66, the task of which is to keep the rubber roll 64 as cool as possible, wherein the surface of the cooling roller is kept at 30 ° C due to water circulating inside will.

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The film tape then reaches the cutting blades 22 and the strips produced there are stretched at 150 ° C. in a hot air oven 24 with a stretching ratio of 7 to 1. You then pass through a tempering furnace 30, which has a temperature of 160 °. The strips then pass to the deflection rollers 32, the speed of which is set so that a total shrinkage of 4 % occurs in the strips produced in this way. The sections of the cutting blades are chosen so that the resulting ribbons are 1000 denier.

The strips or tapes are then wound onto separate reels 31, onto a winding frame brought, unwound, drilled, d. H. turned on in a mackhaul twisting machine (made by James Mackie and Sons Limited), so that a cord formed from threads results, which as a result of the reduction the tendency to fibrillation has the advantage of reducing the drop in tensile strength during use having.

Example VII

This method is carried out with a plant modified by FIG. 6 according to FIG. 1. The Cutting devices 22, the tempering furnace 30, the rollers 32 and the coils 31 are no longer required and are used for this purpose the fibrillator according to FIG. 2 is used.

Polypropylene resin with a melt index of 3.0 is fed from an extruder head 12 of a 2.5 inch (63.5 mm) extruder, with a temperature of 220 ° C and in the inlet of the extruder

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The temperature in the outlet and in the extruder head is 260 ° C. The extruder head has a 20 inch (50.8 cm) long gap with a gap width of 0.022 inches (0.56 mm) and the conveyor speed the screw and thus the outlet speed are chosen so that there is a film of 0.003 inches (0.076 mm) results. .

The extrudate is fed vertically into a 5 inch (127 mm) gap formed between the smooth chill roll 74 and the endless belt 84 which has a smooth silicone rubber surface. This endless belt is held in contact with the chill roll 74 by a nip roller 76, the pressure in the nip being 40 pounds (18.1 kg) per inch. The rubber band 84 is 0.25 inches (6.35 mm) thick and has a Shore hardness of 65 ° / 70 °. The bench runs the circumference of the chill roll for a length of 12 inches (304.8 mm) and is then fed back by means of guide rolls? 4, 80 and 82. and is cooled by means of chill roll 85. Chill roll 74 has a Surface temperature of 30 ° C and the temperature of the belt 84 is maintained at 90 ° C. As the extrudate passes through the gap, mechanical processing of the extrudate takes place. The edges of the film tape are trimmed and the trimmed wide tape is stretched in the hot air oven 24 at a temperature of 150 ° C at a stretch ratio of 8 to 1 and then runs over the needle roller fibrillator 40 for an arc length of ½ inches (152.4 mm) a speed ratio of 2 to 1, so that a fiber product with an irregular fiberization network results. The fibers are finer and more closely distributed " ^s

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than with a conventional product. The fiberization network is opened and a number of layers are placed on top of one another, forming a Fabric that can be needled with a non-woven product, the product being used as a filter Is used.

Example VIII

This method is carried out with a plant modified by the device according to FIG according to Fig. 1.

The polypropylene resin having a melt flow index of 3.0 is made by means of an extruder head 12 2.5 inch (63.5 mm) extruder, with the inlet temperature 220 ° C and the inlet temperature also in the extruder head is 260 ° C. The extruder head is 20 inches (50.8 cm) long Slot with a slot width of 0.022 inches (0.56 mm) and the auger has one such a speed to give a film thickness of 0.005 inches (0.13 mm).

The extrudate hits the smooth surface of a rubber roller 86 1 inch (25.4 mm) from the extruder slot. The diameter of the rubber roller 86 is 4 inches (101.6 mm) and the rubber coating has a thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35 mm) u * ¹ * ¹ a Shore hardness of 60 ° / 65 °.

The inside of the rubber roller is cooled by cold water and the film is pressed against the roller pressed by means of an air jet 92, wherein he

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is partially cooled at the same time. The film, which is still in the melted state, enters the gap between the rubber roll 86 and the smooth chilled roll 90, with a pressure of 40 pounds in the nip (18 * 1kg) per inch prevails. The temperature of the cooling roller 90 and the rubber roller 86 are chosen so that the film emerging from the gap is in a non-plastic state. The movie will therefore machined in the gap as described above.

A smaller cooling roller 88 presses against the back of the rubber roller 86, the task of which is to to cool the rubber roller 86 as much as possible, the surface of the cooling roller 88 as a result of the circulating water has a temperature of 30 ° C in its interior ►

The film then travels through the cutting knives and the strips produced in this way. Arrive in the oven 24 at 150 ° G, where they are stretched with a stretching ratio of 7 to 1. Then they get into the tempering furnace 30, which has a temperature of 160.degree. The speed of the deflection rollers 32 is selected so that there is a total shrinkage of 4 % in the case of the strips or bands. The cutting knives are spaced apart such that the end product is 1000 denier.

The strips or tapes are then wound up separately on reels 31 and placed on a reel frame, unwound and reared up on a direct chain shearer and ultimately woven on one Loom, such as a Sultzer loom,

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The warp and weft are made of the same material.

The resulting fabric is suitable as a base for tufted carpets and has the same advantages as described in connection with Example I.

Instead of the rubber roller 86, the cooling roller 90 can also be arranged closer to the extruder 17. this has the advantage that the cooling roller 90 can better withstand the radiant heat from the extruder 12.

High density polyethylene can also be used in place of propylene.

From the above description it can be seen that smooth rollers are usually used. Where If it is cheap and appropriate, however, rollers with a rough surface can also be used »what can provide some additional benefits.

As far as temperatures are specified for the rollers, these temperatures relate to the area the gap into which the extrudate is introduced.

In the context of the invention, the use of such devices and systems is provided which a plate-shaped polymer film material migrates through a gap, the two Gap surfaces exert pressure on the material. At least one of the surfaces must move and the material must be fed into the

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Gap have a temperature at which it is plastic. Furthermore, the temperature of the gap surfaces must be so that by cooling the material during the passage through the gap in one largely non-plastic state is transferred before or while the material leaves the gap. The type and design of the gap must be such that the gap surfaces can be machined of the material when it is converted from the plastic to the non-plastic state.

-Claims- -30-

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Claims (8)

6254/03 / Ch / Vo -30- December 8, 1972 claims 1. Process for the production of fiber material from a synthetic, thermoplastic film, characterized in that the thin-layer polymer Film material is temporarily brought into contact with two surfaces forming a pressure gap, at least one of which is moving, the film material having a temperature at which it has a substantially plasticidal form when it enters the gap, the gap-forming Surfaces have a temperature at which the material during its passage is cooled through the gap and is essentially converted into a non-plastic state, before or while the material leaves the gap, * and during the transition from plastic a mechanical processing of the material is carried out to the non-plastic state. 2. The method according to claim 1 in a material which, after stretching, a largely uniaxial Molecular structure and a natural tendency to fiberize characterized in that the thin-layer polymeric film material is temporarily brought into contact with two surfaces forming a pressure gap, of which at least one "moves, with the footage_ -31- 309825/1074 6254/03 / Ch / Vo -31- December 8, 1972 has a temperature at which it becomes essentially plasticidal when it enters the gap Has shape, the gap-forming surfaces have a temperature at which the material is cooled during its passage through the gap and essentially not into one plastic state is transferred before or while the material leaves the gap, and wherein mechanical processing during the transition from the plastic to the non-plastic state of the material is made. 3 «A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized GEK e η η ζ ei ch net that both cleavage surfaces move. 4. The method according to claim 3 »characterized in that the two gap surfaces move at the same linear speed. 5. The method according to one or more of the claims 1 to 4, thus g ek e η η ζ e ic h η e t, that at least one of the gap surfaces from a "elastically deformable material, such as Rubber is made. 6. The method according to one or more of the claims 1 to 5, thereby identifying g e, that at least one of the gap surfaces of one Roller is formed. 7. The method according to one or more of the claims 1 to 5, thus g e k e η ηζ ei c h η e t, that both gap surfaces are formed by rollers. -32- 6254/03 / Ch / Vo -32- December 8, 1972 8. The method nacjti claim 1 or 2, characterized ekennzeichnet g, that the pressure nip is formed by surfaces of two with the same peripheral speed rotating rollers, wherein at least one of the surfaces is resiliently deformable, and the film material forced through the gap during its passage linear velocity varies due to the elastic deformability. 9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the film material is extruded hot and fed directly to the gap in the plastic state. 10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the gap surfaces are smooth and the material emerging from the gap is transparent. 11. The method according to one or more of the claims 1 to 9 »characterized in that at least one of the gap surfaces is roughened and the film emerging from the gap has a matt appearance. 12. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of the roller surfaces has a series of uniform depressions or surface irregularities, of which there are at least 100 per 25.4 mm, the depth of these depressions is substantially less than the thickness of the film material entering the gap and wherein the The plasticity of the film material is sufficient, -33- 3098 25/107 /. 6254/03 / Ch / Vo -33- December 8, 1972 around these depressions or surface irregularities. to print moderations in the film. 13. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the film width is smaller than the width of the gap formed by the rollers and one of the rollers is driven, while the other roller due to the direct contact between the rollers in the end area of the directly driven roller is driven. 14. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that that after wandering through the gap, the film strip is divided into several longitudinal strips and in the warm state of the material a uniaxial alignment of the molecular structure is made. 15. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that that the film material is divided into several narrow strips after it emerges from the gap, the strips are then stretched in a warm environment and the strips so produced to Interweave are prepared. 16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the material according to the uniaxial Alignment of the molecular structure is fibrillated (fiberized). 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the defibration on a Needle roller vibrator is made. -34- . '309025/10 TA 6254/03 / Ch / Vo -34- December 8, 1972 18. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that that the film material consists of polypropylene. 19. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in marked c h η e t, that the film material is made of high density polyethylene. 20. The method according to one or more of the claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the material is woven. 21. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1 to 20, characterized in that that two surfaces forming a pressure gap are provided, at least one of which is movable and at least one of which is cooled, both surfaces being pressed against one another and exert a mechanical pressure on the material that has migrated through the gap. 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that both gap surfaces are movable are arranged. 23. Apparatus according to claim 21 or 22, characterized characterized in that at least one of the surfaces consists of an elastically deformable Material, such as rubber. 24. Device according to one or more of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that that at least one of the gap surfaces consists of a roller. -35-3098 25 / 107-4 6254/03 / Ch / Vo -35- December 8, 1972 25 · The apparatus of claim 22, characterized in that both cleavage surfaces are formed by rollers. 26. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one of the rollers has a plastically deformable surface and the two rollers against in the axial direction are tense with each other. 27- Device according to one or more of the claims 21 to 26, characterized in that above the pressure gap the opening of a Extruder head is arranged and the material from the extruder head directly in the plastic state gets into the gap. 28. Device according to one or more of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that that the gap surfaces are smooth, such that the film emerging from the gap is transparent. 29. Device according to one or more of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that that at least one of the gap surfaces is rough, such that the film emerging from the gap is matte. 30. Device according to one or more of claims 21 to 29, characterized in that that after the nip gap tools for cutting the film into several narrow strips T are seen. -36-309825 / 107- /, ' 6254/03 / Ch / Vo -36- December 8, 1972 31. Device according to one or more of the claims 21 to 29, characterized in that after the gap a stretching device for drawing of the film material emerging from the gap is provided. 32. Device according to one or more of claims 21 to 29, characterized in that that the film material emerging from the gap in its entire width in a stretching device is stretched in the longitudinal direction. 33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that a fibrillator for shredding of the stretched material is provided. 34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the fibrillator is a needle roller fibrillator is. 309825/1074