DE2253014A1 - METHOD FOR DISPLAYING OR REPRODUCING DATA - Google Patents

Description

SBISGOH LIMITED, Tuba'.Hill House, SBVENOAKS, Kent (Great Britain)

Method for presenting or playing back data

The invention relates to a method of representation or rendering data and is particularly concerned with the representation of variables which as waveforms or graphical curves can be reproduced in color. The invention also relates to the combined representation or reproduction of quantities or amounts that are different functions of the same variable, for evaluation to be performed by viewing »

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Useful information can often be obtained by looking at the variations of more than one set as a function of a common variable. An example is the seismic survey or exploration, the geological value being a usual representation or reproduction of seismic vibrations as a function of the reflection times can be reinforced by adding more to the representation or recording VarJeble as the interval speed is added. Other examples are

a.) the interpretation as a function of the depth of an acoustic, electrical, neutronic or other measurement made in a borehole,

b.) the interpretation of the records of the Gravity and the magnetic field that function as a function of distance along one Profile were recorded,

c.) the interpretation of medical waveforms such as electroencephalographs S.gnale as a function of time and

d.) the preparation of an error diagnosis of a number of energy converters, for example in a machine, a Calculator or a computer or can be provided in a human body.

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Where the type of expected relationship between different functions are expressed mathematically it is common to apply the technique of cross correlation to a numerical Gain measure of this ratio. When used appropriately, this technique is very good energetic and also able to find relationships between functions, if such Relationships not determined by visual examination of the corresponding waveforms can be. However, the Kr euzkorr ela tms technique is then never better than the human one Eye, if the integration intervals are long enough to include many cycles of variation, and when there is no significant stretching or distortion of the common axis of the variable is.

However, there is still room in every case for a correlation to be performed with the eye, if an experiential human Assessment of the importance of the correlation must be made and if this experience is not has been developed to a stage that its basis for assessment can be quantified. Such situations exist with the above-mentioned examples of geology, depth measurement and in medical and intellectual research.

The terms "variable range" and "variable." Area "and" variable density "below

when used are in the sense of / optical

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Recording of sounds on a film uses conventional technology. A track or a line of a "variable area" is a track in which the black area is partially black and partially white trace is modulated according to the dependent variable, while a Trace or "variable density" polyline is a trace in which the gray density of a trace or recording is modulated with constant width.

The object of the invention is to display or record measurement data for to improve an evaluation to be carried out, for example, with the human eye.

The invention includes the juxtaposed or superimposed display of a plurality of physical measurements in color, these measurements being different functions of the same Variables can be viewed. These representations or recordings can be made with the Representation or recording of other of these functions in the form of a variable area or » a variable area or a variable density. It was found that such records or representations are very quickly and easily provided to the human eye over numerous types of relationships that exist between the various functions, deliver.

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The invention on the one hand provides a method for generating a combined representation or Record of a variety of functions of the same or related variables created, the is characterized in that one of these functions in one for the recording or Representation as a trace or »curve of a certain color suitable shape prepared, whereby the linear expansion of this curve the independent variable and the intensity of the color the size the function reproduces, whereupon these representations or records in such a way with one another that special relationships between the sizes of the functions are fused by certain mixed colors can be identified.

According to another feature of the invention, a composite representation or record is aard a plurality of functions of the same or related variables are created, one of these Functions shown or recorded in the form of a variable area or a variable area and where the color of the normally black or white area according to a further or further such functions is modulated. ·

According to yet another feature of the invention is a composite representation or record a plurality of functions of the same or related variables are created, one

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these functions are represented or recorded in the form of a variable density or blackening and the other function or functions is or are used to modulate the color of the light or dark parts of the variable density trace or curve.

The invention also provides a method for generating a combined representation or Recording of a multitude of functions of the same or related variables created, which is characterized in that a colored trace or curve is provided for each of these functions generated whose linear extent represents the independent variable and whose local color changes represent the local size of the function, whereupon the thus obtained multitude of tracks or curves arranged to one another in such a way that an identification of special Relationships between the numerous functions due to the special color is possible.

Any of the above numerous representations or recordings may be associated with the representation or Record an additional function that is rendered in black or shades of gray is to be connected by drawing a trace or curve of a variable area or a variable Density superimposed.

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A color key can be provided, with the help of which the local color of a track or Curve can be interpreted quantitatively in terms of the variables it represents.

The invention is further explained with reference to the drawing, namely shows

Fig. 1 shows three functions of the same variables together with those respectively assigned to them of the separate color tracks and the combined color track,

Fig. 2 shows a single function of a variable, the resolution of these variables into three-colored ones Traces and the superimposition of these three traces to create a multicolored trace, which is representative of the variable,

for Fig. 3 an embodiment of the invention / the Application of the technique from FIG. 2 for generating the representation of contours,

4 shows the technique of overlay in another embodiment of the invention the trace or curve of a variable area of a variable function and the colored trace or curve of another variable function,

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Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the invention for applying these techniques for seismic prospecting, with four vertical wave trains shown are, namely

a) a seismic trace of a variable area, which is true to scale Amplitude is recorded,

b) the same track after amplitude compensation,

c) a measure of the reflectivity for the first two cases and the general one How they are reproduced in color

and

d) a measure of the coherence of measuring points equal to the depth of the reflection trap, assuming that the first two cases have primary reflections and the third case multiple reflections are,

6 shows, in the form of a block diagram, another embodiment of the invention, from which the individual steps for generating one or more colored tracks from three added variable signals and the type of superimposition of a fourth variable, which has the form of a variable area, can be seen , -9- 309818/0893

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Fig. 7 is a schematic representation from which to can be seen how the record of the events of FIG. 6 simultaneously using a color cathode ray tube,

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration from which it can be seen how using three modulable light sources of certain colors and using color photographic Material is the writing or recording and printing of the operations from FIG. 6 can be carried out at the same time,

9a is a schematic representation from which to can be seen as the recording operations of Figure 6 using a single modulatable light source and black and white photographic material in succession can be carried out,

FIG. 9b shows a possibility of the color printing process, which is connected with the device from FIG. 9a can be,

9c shows a modification of the color printing process Fig. 9b,

10 is a block diagram of a further embodiment of the invention, from which it can be seen how a single variable can be processed to have three variables in one form

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obtained to be used as input signals for the arrangement of FIG can be

11 shows a color representation or recording obtained by the invention with a corresponding color key,

FIG. 12 shows the black-and-white representation associated with FIG. 11 for comparison purposes, and FIG

13a to 13c three photographic film recordings, each with a different color track or show color recording.

1 shows one type of representation obtained according to the invention. Curves 1, 2 and 3 are three functions of the same variable. These give, for example, different physical Again measurements made in a borehole at different depths. Every of these variables is a trace or curve of a variable density or blackening or coloration recorded specific color. As suggested in Figure 4, this is the first Function (curve 1) corresponding trace recorded in shades of red. There are three Densities or color intensities of red are used to represent the three levels or three length values of the functior 1, these three densities with

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the values "O", "1" and "2" are indicated. In a similar way, illustration 5 shows the second function (curve 2) as a trace or recording, which is formed from three different densities or color values of the color green, while the third function (curve 3) in the Representation 6 as a trace or recording of three different densities or color values the color is shown in blue. These three tracks can have the same width and im plotted on the same scale of the independent vertical variables. These three colors are selected as identification colors and can be the primary colors, but also their complementary colors or other suitable shades.

These three tracks or recordings are superimposed on one another in order to produce the values shown in illustration 7 composite track or record to be recognized. This trace shows the in Fig. 1 recognizable color variations, which combinations of the values of the three by the curves 1, 2 and 3 reproduce and identify the output functions shown. Such a representation is of great value for the visual identification of the special circumstances or conditions in a borehole that only appear as a combination of different effects can be determined.

Fig. 2 shows a different type of display or reproduction, this time being different Heights or amplitudes of a single variable

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Function are shown in different colors. The wave-shaped curve 8 is a simple form of this function, in which case five different heights or magnitudes or amplitudes are shown. From this single function three tracks or records are variable-density or color according to the illustrations 9 _t 10 and 11 is pulled, each of said representation is reproduced in a different color. Again, these colors can be the primary colors or their complementary colors. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the five different heights or values of the undulating curve 8 can be reproduced with only two different densities or color values for each of the three colored tracks or records, but the practical implementation of the invention is not limited to this situation. The three tracks shown in diagrams 9, 10 and 11 are, as shown in diagram 12, superimposed on one another to obtain a composite track or record in which the five values of the changes in the original waveform are represented by five different color tones . With further development of this embodiment, continuously successive values of the original waveform can be reproduced by continuously successive color tones over the entire range of the primary and the mixed colors.

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Fig. 3 shows the application of the technique from Fig. 2 for recording contours in different forms of geophysical prospecting or investigation, it is desirable, for example, to be carried out along the lines to transfer geophysical measurements into contour images, whereby the measuring lines form a grid, that can be recorded on a card. These lines are in their correct positions as shown in FIG Positions in the form of traces of paint 13 are applied. The measured values are numerically represented in FIG. 3 by the Numbers "1" through "5" reproduced that. in the correct position on the one from the traces of paint 13 formed grids are recorded. In practice, these measured values are represented by colors reproduced, for example the colors blue to red, as indicated in FIG. In this way it is hardly necessary to record contour lines 14 or contour lines in the usual sense. Much more the high-lying areas appear red, where appropriately colored traces of color cross, and the low range blue; The advantage of this representation compared to the representation in simple changeable density or coloring is that of the dynamic range and that of the color the visual information provided are improved.

Fig. 4 shows the superposition of a colored track on a conventional track of a variable area. The area 15, which is black on the track of the variable area, remains black, while area 16, which is usually white,

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is colored. In this way two variables 17 and 18 are represented on the same track, where their mutual relationship or influence is easily represented and recognized is. In the same way, information presented in the form of a variable area in the form of a variable density or color. In this case it is Color can be clearly seen in those places where there is a usual trace of a variable density or coloring would be white or gray. Various possible uses of the Technique shown in FIG. 4 is explained.

The first applicability deals with the addition of information about the interval velocity to a seismic cross-section. Such cross-sections typically include the array of representations in the hundreds of Traces of variable areas or variable densities or colors next to one another, whereby ^ ede of these Trace / aie reflectivity response of the examined from a certain point on the earth's surface

is or observed earth layer '. According to the invention color information can be superimposed on some or all of these traces, the seismic Show auxiliary variables which, like the reflection traces themselves, are functions of reflection time. A typical example of this The auxiliary variable is the interval speed determined by known techniques between Reflectors is calculated (see for example "Velocity spectra-computer derivation

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of velocity function "by Taner and Koehler, Geophysics I969, volume 34, page 859). Such Interval speed values between 1500 and 6500 m / sec can be calculated. surrendered, and it became found that these values are expediently shown in 20 to 30 color gradations from blue to orange-brown can be, the successive color gradations speed differences of 150 or 200 m / sec. represent. If the calculations of the interval speed are continuously over the cross-section are carried out, you get a very good representation, which is easy to record additional information about the rock or the rock structure of the area concerned supplies. In addition, the color display makes the values for the interval speed superfluous to average laterally, since the human eye has difficulty both the average coloration or the mean color value and the scatter of the measurements are recorded.

A second example of an auxiliary variable superimposed in color on a seismic cross-section is an estimate of the over-slope or cross-saddle or dip. This is a measure of the component of the reflector inclination transverse to the line of the profile j that by scanning in this Direction via the results obtained by three-dimensional field measurement technology -is achieved (see for example "Three-dimensional seismic method" by Walton, Geophysics 1972, Volume 37, page 417). In this case the auxiliary variable is a measure of the

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Slope or cross saddle of the geological formation caused by the transverse parts of the spreading area is won. This is usually done by first creating the profile even on reflection matches that are on either side of the intersection with the cross pieces extend, scanned or examined and then for appropriate matches looking for the cross pieces. This way you get one at every intersection or overlap Wavy time curve, with positive cross slopes represented by corresponding positive numbers and negative bank slopes are represented by corresponding negative numbers and where all values, those not with a reliable bank measurement are to be connected, are set to zero. If desired, the waveform of the Average the curve obtained in this way in the direction of the profile to a small extent. Then they will the auxiliary variables to be displayed in combination with the reflection profile itself You can, for example are represented in such a way that reflection matches, which come from places in front of the plane of the cross-section, in red color, those from places in the plane of the cross-section yjiLrP yellow Color and those that originate from places behind the plane of the cross-section appear in blue color, with between these Extremely suitable gradations are available.

A third example of an auxiliary variable superimposed in color on a seismic cross-section

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is a measure of the coherence or correspondence between the elements of records of the same depth that go into the stack (· see for example "Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data ¹¹ by Neideil and Tanner, Geophysics 1971" Volume 36, p 482) This gives an immediate and clear indication of reflectors that are primary reflectors based on the existing velocity distribution.

A fourth example is a measure of the strength of individual reflections, which can be adjusted in relation to a known reflection coefficient and measured spectral change in order to reproduce useful reflection coefficients (see, for example, "Reflections on Amplitudes" by O ¹ Doherty and Anstey, Geophysical Prospecting 1971, pp 430 to 458). This case is shown in FIG. 5 as a suitable example for the general principle of the color display of auxiliary seismic measurements.

In Figure 5, a trace is more of a seismic reflection with no time change amplitude manipulations such as automatic gain control or equalization shown as curve 19, which the is the usual form of displaying a variable area. Three reflection cases are provided, namely a primary reflection 20 with a large amplitude, a primary reflection 21 with a smaller one Amplitude and a multiple reflection 22 with a small amplitude. It is common to observe

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that if the entire track is displayed in a strength which corresponds to the reflection 20, the multiple reflection 22 with a small amplitude remains sufficiently sharp that, however, the primary or simple reflection 21 with a small amplitude cannot be seen as clearly as the evaluator might want. This is why it is common to do some track equalization or tracking to provide different scale factors' on the different reflections can be used to keep their amplitudes comparable. The effect of this shows the Curve 23. However, this has three known disadvantages. Once goes the true ratio of the amplitudes lost between the various primary reflections. They also get through the stacking process attenuated multiple reflections again undesirably large amplitudes. Eventually increased the amplitude of the background noise.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the color becomes equalized or balanced Trace or curve 23 by a measure of the strength of the reflections on the original unmatched Track or curve 19 modulated. This measure of the reflection strength is for example by the curve 26 indicated. To some extent, the last reference given above shows that this measure of the reflection strength in the form of the instantaneous reflection coefficient of reflective surface can be expressed.

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This variable is then used to determine the color of either the "black" part 24 or the To modulate "white" part 27 of the track or curve 23 of the variable area. So become reflections with a large true amplitude like the reflection 28 in red color and reflections with a small amplitude as the reflection 29 modulates in blue color. Amplitudes in between are represented by intervening color tones of the spectrum, as indicated by the color scale 30.

This measure is sufficient to distinguish between reflections with large and small amplitudes, As the reflections 20 and 2.1 to be able to differentiate, however, is not enough to distinguish between primary and multiple reflections each with small amplitude such as the reflections 21 and 22 to be distinguished. There is also no distinction between reflections and background noise. Therefore, according to a modification, the Invention the information obtained from the reflectivity variable curve 26 combined with the information of a curve 25 of the coherence variables. For example, the Variables of the reflection strength in suitable spectral colors are only recorded if the coherence variable exceeds an existing threshold value, which can itself be time-dependent. Such a threshold is indicated by the dashed line 31.

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Since the coherence exceeds the threshold value both in the case of a primary reflection 20 with large Amplitude as well as in the case of a primary reflection 21 with a small amplitude, both reflections are modulated with respect to their associated colors. There on the other hand the coherence in the multiple reflections 22 is weak, they remain uncolored or in a neutral shade of gray. Such a representation therefore identifies such reflections which are both strong and primary based on the existing speed distribution. These reflections are reflections which are suitable for calculating interval speeds.

Foregoing, the term "strength" is used to represent any of many possible measures of size of the reflection signal is used. In particular the "strength" can be represented by the numerical, i.e., "rectified" value of the amplitude of the seismic signal or by the square or some other power of the amplitude or by a time-averaged or smoothed version of each of these values can be presented. A preferred one Measure is that of the instantaneous energy of the signal, which by a summation the potential and kinetic energy represented by the waveform according to known techniques is appreciated. This measure of strength has the advantage that it changes without sharp transitions and the part of the seismic phenomenon

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that is likely to travel at a speed that most closely resembles the characteristics of the transmission medium. There were, however, other dimensions _s used, for example a simple smoothed version of the rectified amplitude.

The color representation obtained can be calibrated according to the respective existing reflection coefficient of the seismic conditions or circumstances, regardless of which degree of strength has been used. For example, it is possible to provide that reflection coefficients present in each case are in the range above 0.2 in red, in the range between 0.15 and 0.2 in orange, in the range between 0.1 and 0 _s 15 in yellow, in the range between 0.05 and 0.1 are displayed in green and in the range between 0 and 0.05 in blue.

Fig. 6 shows the suitable to generate a representation or recording of Figure _e 1 Technology ,, Here, the three curves 1 "2 and 3 corresponding variable functions respectively recorded on a storage belt 32, 33 respectively" 34, of which it if necessary can be called up «In stage 35 these variables are processed in a suitable manner according to known characteristics, for example filtered and then brought to the correct scale and finally brought into a form that they can be entered into the writing or drawing device used. The Selireifear

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36 enables light to be superimposed in three specific colors, with the intensity each color corresponds to the original variables recorded on the storage tapes 32,33 and. The superimposition of these three colors can then be recorded as a color print 37.

Fig. 7 shows in a general representation how the function of the recorder 36 with the help of a for Color rendering suitable conventional cathode ray tube 38 can be achieved. The three write signals 39 »40 and 41 correspond to the outputs of stage 35 of FIG. 6 which converts the signals retrieved from the memory tapes into the desired Brings format. The final color print

37 can be generated by contact exposure on the screen of the cathode ray tube 38, including the faceplate of this tube is preferably a fiber optic plate. Bs is also possible, this color print by ordinary photography technique with the aid of a normal camera 42.

Fig. 8 shows in a general representation how the function of the recorder 36 through the modulation can be achieved from three color light sources. These light sources are, for example, laser 43, 44 and 45, from. which each light with a certain Emits color, with Pockell cell modulators 46, 47 and 48 connected to these lasers are. The ^! three light beams can be by means of a lens summarized and in one focus on one

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Color film 50 are thrown. The representation of the independent variable is then motion of the image 51 consisting of the combined light versus the color film 50. This can be done achieve by the fact that you have the image on a still film by means of not shown Movable mirror leads away or by the color film 50 by means of a only schematically indicated mechanism 52 moved relative to the picture. The combination of laser and modulator can be replaced by other light sources, for example by incandescent or glow modulators, Incandescent lamps and light-emitting diodes, these light sources in conjunction with optical Filters can be used to improve the separation of colors.

Fig. 9a shows a schematic representation of how the function of ^v recorder 36 using a single modulated light source such as a laser 54 of this light source can be achieved by sequential use. The modulator 35 can be optionally connected to the individual lines for the write signals 39 to 41 via a switch 53. A separate track with variable density or blackening is produced on a monaural film 57 with the aid of an optical system 56 and a movement mechanism for the film for each color or for each of the three write signals. Each of these three tracks is then colored in a manner not shown with its own color or its own hue.

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Fig. 9b shows three films 57a, 57b and 57c, the differently colored tracks in register or carry lines in front of a broad light source 58 and photographed by a camera 42 will. These three different traces or records in yellow, green-blue and blue-red Structural films are shown in Figures 13a, 13b and 13c shown in detail.

FIG. 9c is a modification of the arrangement of FIG. 9b, with the final color print 60 from three different exposures with yes / eils different colored light is generated. That emanating from a broad light source 58 Light is filtered through an optical filter 59 and used to produce the color print 60 basic material through the first monaural film 57 to expose. Then exposures are carried out through the other two monochrome films, these films being arranged and carried out in register corresponding to the color printing different filters 59 are exposed.

As mentioned above, the three colors used can preferably be the primary colors or their complementary colors according to the magnitude and number of photographic processes and the desired end result. In a preferred practical embodiment of the In the technique shown in FIGS. 6, 9a and 9c, stage 35 includes the completion of the variable Function, for example by removing the same

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of a fixed large number so that the scraping signals 39 to 41 are negative photographic Display picture. This can be done with reference to that on a storage tape 32 recorded variable function can be illustrated by the intensity of the red Color is reproduced on the final color print 37. The process of completion means that a large value of the variable present on the storage tape 32 is represented by a write signal 39 which is a light gray one Density or darkness on the monaural film 57 records. The optical filter 59 is then chosen to be green-blue so that it is an intense green-blue Light through the blackening of the film 57 is thrown onto the material receiving the color print 60.

This results in a heavy deposit after photographic processing or after customary development of yellow and blue-red dyes and thus a strong or intense red color caused in places of the trace that this great. " Value of those on the storage tape 32 Variables. Similarly, a small value produces that on the storage tape 32 stored variables a dark gray blackening of the film 57ι a weak green-blue Illumination or coloring of the color print 60 and a pale red color on the developed Print or finished picture.

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Similar procedures are used for the variable located on the storage tape 33 a red-green filter 59, with a blue record appearing on the color print 60, and for the variable on the storage tape 34 using a red-blue filter

59, with a green tint on the color print

60 arises, used. Using this technique, one suitable for color printing 60 is suitable Material Ektacolor RC37 sold by Kodak Limited.

As mentioned in connection with Figure 4, it may be desirable to have a track of a variable area 15 overlay a colored track or record, the track of the variable Area forms a fourth variable. Corresponding process steps are carried out in FIG dashed lines indicated. The additional variable is on a storage tape and is brought to the correct scale and format in stage 35 so that they is recorded as a variable area in accordance with the output write signal 63 The film supplied by the draftsman or writer 36 is called the fourth stage of the color printing sequence explained above is used. The movie is related at this fourth stage with white light emanating from the light source 58, either without a filter 59 or with a special filter, which is suitable, good black values through the light source 58

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the paper bearing the color print 60.

Although above exposures with red, blue and green and - according to a variable range with Black can also be used in other suitable and useful color gradations can be used as control functions or as variables.

Also, as stated above, can the fourth input signal to be superimposed on the color traces be a signal of variable density or blackening ... instead of a variable area _? whereby the procedure described above does not have to be changed.

When indicated by Figures 6, 9a and 9c In the process sequence, the function of stage 35 is expediently carried out by a suitable digital computer and the function of the recorder 36 from the LGP 2703 Laser Graphic Plotter from SIE-Dresser Industries, Houston, Texas (USA). These and similar machines are used to meet the The function of the writer 36 is preferable as it provides precise digital control of the photographic Enable blackening.

In this digital writer, a photographic mono-ear film is exposed by a laser beam, thereby creating a complete photographic image

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is built up as a matrix or basic shape from small points. The intensity of each point is under digital control. A 4-bit word assigned to each point defines 16 color tones from black to 14 shades from gray to white (or transparent). This beam scan defines a dimension of representation or record, which is normally considered to be that of the independent Variables is taken while dividing the film between scans defines the other dimension.

It is possible to use the digital recorder to record seismic cross-sections of variable density or Generate blackening by reducing the dynamic range of the normal reflection signal to 4 bits reduced by entering each individual track into the computer controlling the recorder or infeed and by making the track to the desired width by performing an appropriate Number of identical samples builds up.

On the other hand, the recorder can also be used to record seismic cross-sections of a variable Area by taking each track as an appropriate number of different samples builds, the difference between the samples being determined by a logical discrimination program which is used to create a track of the variable area in the form of individual paragraphs. In this case, of course just a single bit instead of a 4-bit location

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needed to determine the state or condition of each point of the scan.

In a proposal by the applicant that has not been previously published, there is the use of the digital pen for the representation of more than one variable function (single color) in connection with seismic Described cross-sections. For example, the usual seismic vibration can be used as a Trace of a variable area or a variable area can be displayed while a second numerical function, for example a measure of coherence between different examples of the Vibration, as density or blackness variations in the "black" part of the track of the variable area is displayed .. On the other hand, it is also possible to use the second function for distraction the position of the "zero deflection" of the track of the variable area or for modulating the "NuIl" gray value the trace of a variable density or density.

In the present case, however, the digital writer is directly applied to the one described above Recording technology of the variable area and the variable density or blackening used. The three color write signals 39 to 41 are used to create three separate tracks of variable sharpness corresponding to the representations 4 to 6 of Fig. 1 correspond to that described above for creating such tracks

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Technology is used.

Similarly, a gray trail of variable density can be created to match the color trails to overlay. You can also see a black-and-light trace a changeable area 15 of a track of a colored area 16 (see Fig. 4) overlay, which tracks are generated using the variable area technique described above will.

There remains the application of the above techniques to represent a single color Waveform (see Fig. 2) and the superposition another variable in the form of a variable area or a variable density or Blackening (as described in connection with Fig. 5) to explain.

In Fig. 10, the wave or variable to be displayed or recorded can be stored in a memory 64 can be retrieved. This variable is set in a device 65 in a number η of step ranges broken down, which corresponds to the number η of color levels to be displayed. In the example from FIG. 2 five color levels are provided. A subsequent main memory 66 therefore contains all of the memory 64 retrieved signals, however, they have only η possible values. For each of these possible values are in a table 67 for the darkness or the density the blackenings of red, green and

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"blue records saved which the Deliver the final color to be assigned to the values in question. examples for such tables are given below.

The subsequent process step 68 consists in that in this table the each The value of the processed signal looks for and detects the red density associated with the variable and on the storage tape 32 a series of values to be displayed or reproduced in red corresponding to the series of input signals generated by the original variable. This process is carried out either simultaneously or one after the other in method steps 69 and repeatedly to display or record corresponding rows of values to be displayed or recorded in green and blue ' to achieve. These values are recorded on the storage tapes 33 and 34, respectively. The three storage tapes 32, 33 and 34, which will be a single band can, if the generation and / or the playback or display of the recorded signals one after the other correspond to the respective first three storage bands from FIG. 6. It follows from the fact that the straight forward application of the above in connection with FIGS. 6 to is sufficient to produce the desired final color record. It however, other variables can also be used via a further storage band 62, as in connection with FIG. 6 described, are added to traces or curves of a variable in color records

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Area or a variable density or blackening.

The table containing the values for blackening and density of the colors is now explained for the case of an LGP 2703 recorder, which has 16 possible color values, which are defined by a 4-bit record instruction. These 16 color values are through denotes the digits 0 to 15. From these 16 color values, the table I The correlations shown are 26 colors, the 26 values of the processed variables correspond.

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- 33 - I. Yellow-green 2253014 -34- Tabel Color value 0 Red Bluer 0 Color value Color value 0 0 15th 0 0 13th 1 0 11 2 0 10 3 0 9 4th 0 8th 5 0 7th 6th 0 6th 7th 0 Ul 8th 0 4th 9 0 3 9 0 2 8th 0 1 7th 1 Q- 6th 2 0 5 3 0 4th 4th 0 3 5 0 2 6th 0 1 7th 0 0 8th 0 0 9 0 0 10 0 0 11 0 13th 0 ■ 15 0 Signal value O 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12th 13th 14th 15th 16 17th 18th 19th 20th 21 22nd 23 24 25th

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This table is included for illustration purposes only and for special cases major changes can easily be made. So can a larger and smaller Number of color gradations or signal values can be provided. Also can do special photographic Materials, light sources, filters and processing techniques are used. Another purpose is to ensure an optimal adaptation to the type of display or display. to achieve the variables to be recorded, in particular their amplitude distribution. Another The purpose is to get a bias for display or recording; for example In Table I, the representation of the signal values O to 3 has a constant blue color value 10.

Another purpose is to make the visible impact of the expected level of error of the to adapt the variables to be displayed or recorded. An example of this occurs with the Representation of interval velocities that are superimposed on a seismic cross-section, on. The highest values of interval speed are usually the least are measured accurately and it has been found that it is best to use these in shades of brown and Orange instead of bright red.

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3 0 9818/0893

Table II gives color values which are particularly suitable for the representation of Interval speeds have proven. The 29 color shades correspond to gradations from 150 m / sec. the interval speed, where the first level of the interval speed is 1500 m / sec. is.

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- 36 - interval colour green 14th 22530H yellower crimson -37- Table II swiftly bluer 15th Color value Color value speed Color value 15th 1500 lnaxgo-
blue 15th 0 14th 1650 15th 0 13th 1800 15th 0 12th 1950 blue 15th 0 11 2100 15th 0 10 2250 15th 0 9 2400 15th 0 6th 2550 14th 8th 0 2700 13th 9 0 2850 green 12th 11 0 3000 11 13th 0 3150 10 15th 0 3300 9 15th 0 3450 8th 15th 0 3600 7th 15th 0 3750 0 15th 0 3900 0 15th 0 4050 yellow 0 15th 0 4200 0 15th 5 4350 0 15th 8th 4500 0 15th 10 4650 0 15th 11 4800 Brown 0 15th 12th 4950 0 15th 13th 5100 0 15th 14th 5250 0 15th 15th 5400 11 ' 15th 5550 7th 15th 5700 7th 15th Signal- value O 1 2 3 4th VJl 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12th 13th 14th 15th 16 17th 18th 19th crimson 20th 21 22nd 23 24 25th 26th 27 28

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The color values listed in Table II are complementary; so that, when in Connection with the technique according to Fig. Β * 9a and 9c and with ExktacQlor R.C37 paper they are used in the third See the colors listed in the column with suitable transitions to deliver the same.

Quantitative evaluations of the variables shown or * recorded in color can be made? " each one Recording; load-bearing; Sheet "a coloring key * This forms an important; Part of the present invention. " As Fig shows, is on a sheet next to the bar position 71 a Farbwertsehüissei 72. This forms a broad track which are the signal values of the first column are given individually from Table II, which results in those contained in the third column Color gradations result. The numerical values associated with these colors, i.e. the values in the second column from Table II, are next to the color value conclusionsi 72 as a color calibration 73 is applied. Thus, the appearing on the representation 71 can Colors of a corresponding color of the color value conclusion 72 and thus with a numerical value or a range numerical values can be identified.

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Fig. 12 shows a corresponding one for comparison Black and white illustration. Ss is easy to recognize that the inventive; colored Representation from Fig. 11 an essential, has greater informative value · The invention is not on the described examples limited. The same technology can be used anywhere are used where »where the interpretation of numerous variables is best vob. trained human brains and where the problem exists, the human brain optimizes the mutual relationships between these variables di me to convey the eye.

ORIGINAL! HSPECTED G / N

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Claims (1)

G 48 658 SEISCOM LIMITED, Tubs Hill House, SEVENOAKS , Kent (Great Britain) Patent claims: Method for displaying or reproducing data, characterized in that that one is a combined representation of a multitude of functions of an independent variable or, a related variables by putting each of these functions in one for the Representation of suitable shape prepared as a trace or record of a specific color, where their linear expansion represents the independent variable and the intensity of the color represents the size of the function, whereupon the representations or reproductions of all functions in such a way with one another that merges the relationships between the sizes of the functions by special mixed colors are identifiable. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a key of graduated Colors are generated and assigned to the representation or rendering of the function and that numerical values or value ranges, which are to be assigned to the colors, determined —2— 30 9 818/0893 ■ and arranged next to the key as a color calibration. 3.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating a visible Recording of a function of an independent variable different values of the function of different color reproductions along a track or record, the length of which is the independent variable results, to be represented and that a suitable color key used for the interpretation of any color in values of the numerical size of the function will. 4.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating a composite Representation or reproduction of a plurality of functions of the same or one another related variable one of these functions in the form of a variable area or a variable area is displayed or reproduced in which the normally black or white color of the area is modulated according to another of these function or functions. 5.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating a composite Representation or reproduction of a plurality of functions of the same or one another related variable one of these functions in the form of a variable density or blackening -5- 309818/08 9 3 ^ 225301 A -I - is represented or reproduced and that the other function or the other functions to modulate the color of the light or dark parts of the track or recording the variable density or blackening is used or are used. 6.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating a visible record of the first and second functions of the same independent variable, the first function as a trace or record of one a variable area or a variable density is displayed or reproduced, the length or deflection of this track or record being the relevant independent Represents variable, and that the second function as a color modulation of the track or recording is displayed or reproduced and that a calibrated color key for the interpretation of the recorded colors in expressions of the numerical size the second function is used » 7o) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that for creating a composite visual record a plurality of Functions of an independent variable each of these functions has a modulation of the intensity a specific color along a track or recording line, the length or length of which 309818/08 9 3 22530H Deflection represents the independent variable, causes and that the superposition the individual color components or color contributions an identification of the special relationships between the numerous Provides functions in expressions of a specific color. 8.) Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one further function on the colored track or recording in the form of a variable area or variable density or blackening is superimposed. 9.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that for producing a combined representation or record of a plurality of functions of the same or a related variable for each of these functions a colored track or record, whose linear content or linear expansion represents the independent liable and whose local color changes represent the local size of the function is generated, and that the numerous tracks thus obtained are in positions relative to each other in such a way be arranged that an identification of the existing between the numerous functions Ratios or relationships in expressions of special colors is possible. —5— 30981 8/0893 22530H 10.) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 »characterized in that the numerous Functions reflect physical or chemical measurements in a borehole, where the independent variable is the depth of the borehole and where the specific local colors in the reproduction special local combinations of the values of the measurements Show. 11.) A method for producing a seismic cross section according to claim 6 or claim and 8, characterized in that the track of the variable area or the variable Area or the variable density or blackening is the basic reflection signal reproduces and that the color modulation is the results of an auxiliary measurement on the seismic data. 12.) The method according to claim 11, characterized in that-the auxiliary measurements the interval speed or the cross inclination or the measuring point coherence or the reflection strength or that discriminated by the measuring point coherence or separate or different reflection strengths. 13.) The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3> characterized in that the different Values recorded in a recordable form and optionally after a ■ -6- 309818/08 9 3 BATH ORIGINAL 22530H Intermediate processing are fed to the writing station, with light being different special colors are superimposed on each other and the intensity of each color depends Original values of the function is related, and that the color overlay obtained in this way is in a color print is recorded. 309818 / Ü893