DE2248635A1 - REAR DERAILLEUR - Google Patents

Description

Essex International, Inc., 1601 Wall Street, Fort Wayne

Indiana 4-6 8Ö4, USA

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Rear derailleur

The invention "relates to a pressure-sensitive switching mechanism, which is suitable for successive actuation of a Variety of electrical devices depending on the application of a progressively increasing force suitable. The switches can either simultaneously or sequentially change from a conductive state to a non-conductive one State to be brought.

There are many cases in which it is desirable to be able to operate multiple electrical devices in one! to effect a predetermined sequence or order. For example, a motor vehicle can have a large number of direction indicators! Have lights that come on one by one to indicate the driver is about to turn. The switching mechanisms that have hitherto been used for such successively operable direction indicator devices require a considerable number of movable switch parts, relays, flashing §3? Ä and associated electrical components, so that a complex and expensive device resulted. . [

Another example of the applicability of step switches i or switching mechanisms of the kind that the invention relates to is! a pressure transmitter for an automatic motor vehicle oil pressure measuring device. Such a meter commonly uses an electrically actuated indicator that is responsive to changes in oil pressure to indicate whether the oil pressure is high, low, or in a safe working range. A pressure transmitter has to vary a wire-wound resistor, the current in the circuit of the Anzeigers- <i _he measuring device in a conventional manner to determine the position of the indicator to be sawn

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influence. Pressure measuring devices of this type, as they were before were used, make of relatively expensive and fragile ones Devices such as wire-wound bheostats, trunnions, torsion return springs, and the like Uses that present undesirable manufacturing / maintenance problems despite being a mode of operation of the measuring device allow in relatively wide tolerances.

The invention is based on the object of providing a switching mechanism for actuating a large number of electrical devices in specify a predetermined sequence in which the disadvantages of previously known switches for similar purposes are avoided.

Advantageously, there is that according to the invention Switching mechanism from a plurality of on-off switch elements which have resiliently compressible pressure pieces which from the conductive to the non-conductive state and vice versa solely through the loading and unloading of a Pressure force can be brought.

In the switching mechanism according to the invention it is advantageous that the sensitivity of the switches can be varied within wide limits and in various ways.

In a further embodiment, a resiliently compressible on-off switch can be provided with a lubricant which greatly increases the electrical life of the switch.

It is also advantageous that the switching mechanism can handle even large current loads, so that the need for relays and the like is avoided.

Finally, it is also advantageous that when using the inventive switch for a motor vehicle signal device the need for the use of Blinking is avoided.

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Further advantageous refinements of the invention emerge from the protection claims in connection with following description and drawings. Show it:

Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of a sequential Direction indicator circuit for a motor vehicle, the inventive Step switches are used; 2 shows a side view of an oil pressure transmitter with a Switching mechanism according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a vertical section of the transmitter along the line 3-3 of FIG. 4;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 3; Fig. 5 is a side view of part of the encoder; 6 shows an enlarged plan view of one of three Elements existing resistance provided in the encoder; and

7 is a schematic wiring diagram of a typical oil pressure measuring and transmitter circuit.

The circuit shown in FIG. 1 forms a combined direction indicator circuit, warning circuit, which operates in a sequence and stop warning circuit for a motor vehicle with three right rear lamps 1, 2 and 3, a right ■ front lamp 4, three left rear lamps 5, 6 and 7th and a left front lamp 8 is suitable. A direction signal [switch 9 of conventional design has a movable bridge contact 10 for turning right, which in the non-actuated Position two fixed contacts 11 and 12 bridged and when he moves to the left in the dashed line he is shown Position is moved, three fixed contacts 11, 13 and 14 bridged. The operating switch 9 also has a movable one Bridge contact 15 for turning left, which bridges fixed contacts 16 and 17 in the non-actuated position and, when shown in the solid / dashed lines Position is moved, fixed contacts 13? 17 and 18 bridged.

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The contact 13 is through a wire 19 to the positive · connection of a battery (not shown) or another electrical potential source. The contacts 11 and 17 are through wires 20 and 21 to the positive terminal of the source through a normally open, through the brake pedal operated switch 22 connected.

The contact 12 is connected to the filament 24 of the lamp 1 by a wire 23. Wires 25 and 26 that go with the wire 23 are connected, also connect the connection 12 to the filaments 27 a or 28 of the lamps 2 and 3 · one Diode 27 is inserted between contact 12 and each of the filaments to allow current to flow in one direction from the Lamps to prevent contact 12.

The contact 16 is connected to the filament 29 of the lamp 5 by a wire 28. Connect wires 30 and 31 also the wire 28 with the filaments 32 or 33 of the lamps 6 and 7 · diodes 34- are between the contact 16 and the filaments of lamps 5> 6 and 7 are used to prevent the flow of current in one direction from the lamps to the contact 16.

The structure of the device that has been described so far is such that when the direction switch 9 is in its normal or rest position is, as shown in Fig. 1 by solid lines, none of the lamps 1-3 and 5-7 is illuminated. However, if the switch 22 is closed by the driver depressing the brake pedal, a Circle to the filaments of lamps 1, 2 and 3 from the power source Via the Schaltor 22, the wire 20, the contacts 10, 11 and 12 and the wires 23, 25 and 26 to the filaments of the Lamps manufactured. In addition, a circuit is established from the power source to the filaments of lamps 5, 6 and 7 via switch 22, the wires 20 and 21, the contacts 15, 16 and 17, the wires 28, 30 and 31 and the filaments 29, 32 and 35 are closed.

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By closing the switch 22, all rear Lights of the motor vehicle at the same time "illuminated to a To ensure that the vehicle brakes have been applied. .

The fixed contact 14 is through a wire 35 with a Terminal 36 connected to which four additional wires 37, 38, 39 and 40 are also connected. The fixed contacti θ is connected to a terminal 42 by a wire 41, on to which also four additional wires 43, 44, 45 and 46 are connected are. Contacts 14 and 15 are connected to a common terminal 47 by wires 48 and 49, respectively, in which each a diode 50 is provided, the diodes one Allow current to flow from contacts 14 and 18 only in the direction of terminal 47. With terminal 47 is one end of a conductor 51, the other end of which is connected to the winding of an electric motor 52 with a rotatable shaft 53 ' is closed, which is indicated by the dashed line.

The danger warning switch 54 has two connections ^ and 56 which are connected to the contacts 14 and 18 by wires 57 and 58, respectively. The switch 54 has a first movable contact 59 which can bridge the connections 55 and 56, and a second movable contact 60 which can engage a fixed connection 61 which is connected to the line 19 by a wire 62. The contacts -59 and 60 are connected by a conductor 63.

The construction and arrangement of the hazard warning switch 54 and the associated parts is such that when the switch 54- is moved from its normally open position (FIG. 1) to its closed position, the motor 52 is connected to the power source via the line 62 _; one of the wires 57 and 58 and the conductor 51 is energized so that the motor shaft 54- is rotated for a purpose which will be described.

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The structure and arrangement of the direction signal operating switch 9 and the associated parts is made so that when one of the movable contacts 10 or 15 from its normally inactive position (solid lines in Fig. 1) to an activated position (dashed lines Lines) is moved ^, the motor 53 via the line 19, contact 13, the associated contact 10 or 15i the corresponding wire 48 or 49 and conductor 51 is energized The motor shaft 53 is then rotated for a purpose to be described.

In the circle with the rear right lamps 1, 2 and 3 and with the right front lamp 4, a step switch 64 according to the invention is provided, which has four independent, resiliently compressible pressure pieces 65) 66, 67 and 68, which in a stack are arranged. On opposite sides of the pressure piece 65 are two conductive plates 69 and 70, on opposite sides of the pressure piece 66 are two conductive plates 71 and 72 _f on opposite sides of the pressure piece 67 are two conductive plates 73 and 74 and on the opposite sides of the pressure piece 68 are two conductive plates 75 and 76 are provided. An insulator 78 is provided between the plates 70 and 71, an insulator 79 between the plates 72 and 73 and an insulator 80 between the plates 74 and 75. The components of the switch are stored in a suitable tubular container (not shown) which is attached to a solid support 77 in a suitable manner.

The plate 69 is connected to the filament 24 of the lamp 1, the plate 70 with the wire 37, the plate 71 with the filament 27 a of the lamp 2, the plate 72 with the wire 38, the Plate 73 with filament 28 of lamp 3, plate 74 with the wire 39, the plate 75 with the wire 40 and the Plate 76 is connected to the filament 81 of the lamp 4.

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In the circle with the left lamps 5-9 of the motor vehicle, a switch 64 a is arranged with the switch 64 is identical. Corresponding parts are indicated by the same reference numerals followed by the suffix a ".

The motor shaft 53 drives a cam 82 which has two similar projections 83 separated from each other by two Rest areas 84 are separate. The cam 82 is arranged between the two switches 64 and 64a in such a way that that the rotation of the cam causes the projections 83 to press against the plates 69 and 69a to the pressure pieces of each stack concurrently with one progressively growing To apply pressure force. The protrusions and indentations The cams are shaped so that the pressing force exerted by the cam on the switches 64 and 64a is substantial is relieved immediately after a maximum compression of the pressure pieces.

The pressure pieces, which are part of every switch, are preferably made of an electrical! non-conductive inachgj &> ig compressible, elastomeric material, for example Silicone rubber made in which a large number of electrically conductive particles are dispersed. The particles are preferred round and consist of a basic material, for example H. like copper or the like, which is coated with a noble metal, for example silver, which is oxidized forms an electrically conductive oxide. The size and quantity of the particles contained in each pressure piece can vary, as will be described later. The size and quantity of the particles In each pressure piece, however, it should be chosen so that if the pressure piece is in a non-compressed en-> is, the particles do not form a conductive path through the pressure piece. When the pressure piece is compressed, However, the size and quantity of the particles contained therein should be such that a sufficient number of the particles are move in attack with each other so that a conductive path is formed through the pressure piece and a flow of

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one conductive plate through the pressure piece to the other can flow. The size of the particles varies according to the current load that has to be carried. Generally satisfying Particle sizes in the range from 0.013 to 0.11 cm Diameter the "current values occurring in motor vehicles.

The sensitivity of each of the pressure pieces in the

Stack can be changed in many y-rail ways.

ess

For example, the compatibility and thus the sensitivity of the pressure piece is inversely proportional to the density and the area of the elastomeric material. The sensitivity of a pressure piece also depends on its thickness and the amount of conductive particles it contains. If therefore If two pads of different thickness contain the same number of particles, the thicker pad is less sensitive than the thinner pressure piece, because the thicker pressure piece has to be compressed to a greater extent before it becomes conductive can be made. Furthermore, a pressure piece that

a larger number of particles or particles with a smaller size than the number and size of particles in contains another identical pressure piece, made conductive by a smaller compressive force than the other pressure piece.

One of the resulting factors, or a combination these factors can be used to achieve pressure pieces with the desired electrical sensitivity. For purposes of illustration, all of the pressure pieces in switches 64 and 64a are of the same thickness but are different large and different numbers of conductive particles shown. The most sensitive pressure piece can therefore have particles with a diameter of about 0.013 cm, which is about 85 - 90% by weight of the pressure piece The least sensitive pressure piece can have particles about 0.11 cm in diameter that are about Make up 75% by weight of the pressure piece. The big and the The amount of particles in the other printing pieces should be warmed in such a way that the sensitivity values of the other printing

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pieces between those of the most and the least sensitive Pressure piece lie.

In the I ¹ Ig. 1, the right rear lamp 1 is arranged on the inboard side of the vehicle, the right rear lamp 3 on the outboard side of the vehicle and the rear lamp 2 between the lamps 1 and 3. The lamp 4 is on the right front of the vehicle. If lamps 1, 2 and 3 are to signal a right turn, lamp 1 should therefore light up first, lamp 2 second and lamp 3 third. The right front lamp 4 can light up, regardless of the lighting sequence for lamps 1, 2 and 3, in order to indicate a right turn.

To get the right sequence of the lighting of the lamps 1, ■ \ to obtain 2 and 3, the pressure piece 65 the pressure piece 66 as zx ^ eites and the pressure member 67 as a third should first; be made conductive, and the pressure pieces 65 and 66 should remain conductive at least until the pressure piece 67 j is made conductive. The pressure piece 65 should therefore be the most pressure-sensitive, the pressure piece 67 the least pressure-sensitive _; and the pressure member 66 should in its sensitivity between the sensitivity values of the printing \ lands 65 and 67 lie. The sensitivity of the pressure piece j 68 can correspond in its sensitivity to any of the other pressure pieces.

The sensitivity of the pressure pieces 65a, 66a, 67a and 68a should _{correspond to the sensitivity values of the pressure pieces 65}} 66, 67 and 68, respectively.

For example, to signal a right turn, the direction switch 9 is set so that the movable Contact 10 from the position shown in solid lines. (Fig. 1) shown in the dashed lines

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position is moved. The motor 52 is thereby energized so that the cam 82 is rotated. As the cam rotates, one of the protrusions 83 engages the plate 69 and presses the entire stack of pressure pieces together. The AU! compressive force exerted on the stack of pressure pieces grows progressively as its cam rotates, so that the pressure pieces 65 »66 and 67 made conductive one after the other so that the lamps 1, 2 and 3 light up one after the other. The lamped is also via the pressure piece 68 switched on. As the pressing force exerted by the cams on the stack of pressure pieces in the switch 64 is progressive becomes larger, a pressure piece once made conductive remains conductive until the pressure force is relieved.

When the cam 82 rotates to a position where j the projection 83 begins to move away from the plate 69, the pressing force on the pressure pieces in the switch 64 becomes Immediately relieved, so that the inherently resilient pressure pieces can expand, whereby the Particles forming the current path can move out of contact and interrupt the current path through the pressure piece. The momentary relief of the pressure on the pressure pieces enables all lamps to work at the same time to be deleted. As a result of the continuous rotation of the cam, the signal lamps therefore flash on and off without that a blinker would be necessary.

The cam 82 is arranged so that it engages both switches 64, 64a at the same time. However, there the movement of the movable contact 10 in the one turn right indicating position has no effect on the position of the movable contact 15, the pressure force exerted by the Cam 82 on the stack of pressure pieces exerted by switch 64a has no effect on lamps 5-8. However, it is note that the movement of the operating switch

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9 in the position indicating a left turn, a movement of the contact 15 into the position shown in dashed lines (Fig. 1) so that these signal lamps 5-8 can light up.

When the hazard warning switch 54 is from the inactive position (Mgi 1) is moved into its operating position, the motor 52 started to drive the cam 82. Under these loading. conditions are created by the pressure on the pressure pieces in the switches 64 and 64a that the left and right signal lamp bulbs are switched on at the same time so that a warning signal is generated see the signal indicating a turn differs.

The test of the switch according to the invention has after several thousand companies have shown that there is a tendency that there is a thin oxidation layer at the interface between a conductive pressure piece and an or two associated conductive plates. It is believed that the oxide layer is the result of spark discharges between the conductive particles or between the particles and the conductive plate is when the pressure piece of the conductive state changes to the non-conductive state. Over time, the oxide layer affects conductivity of the pressure piece. However, the deterioration in conductivity can be prevented by using a thin film of a liquid lubricant, e.g. machine oil, between the conductive pressure piece and the conductive ones Plates is introduced. The lubricant itself thereby forms the interface between the pressure piece and the conductive plates and erases the! "token. Any residue left the sparks are suspended in the oil film.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 2-7 has an oil pressure transmitter T for internal combustion engines on, which has a hollow metal case 90 with a top wall and '. a hanging apron 92. The case takes one Base body 93 made of insulating material, which is in the

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assembled state with the housing is held in that the apron is pressed under the base body.

On top of the base body 93 eats in a suitable manner An insulating sealing ring 89 and an electrical resistor 94 are attached to the three resistor segments connected in series 95) 96 and 97 has. Between the adjacent Ends of resistor segments 95 and 96 is a flexible arm 98, which ends in a disk-like connection 99 at its free end. Between the adjacent ends of resistors 96 and 97 has a connection arm 100 similar to arm 98 and a similar arm 101 between them adjacent ends of the V / i resistors 95 and 97 are used. The arm 100 terminates in a disk-shaped connector 102, and the Arm 101 has a similar connection 103. At the center of the resistor 94- there is a disk-shaped connection, 104-, which is connected at 105 to a connector 106 which extends through the base body 93. The resistance element 97 is connected to a "grounded socket 107, which extends through the base body 93 and is attached to the metallic Apron 92 attacks the housing, the arrangement is made so that that a current path from the terminal 106 to the terminal 104 and from there through each of the resistance elements 95, 96 and 97 leads to the grounded socket 107. j

If none of the connections 98, 100 and 101 are bridged j is the total resistance of resistor segments 95 ^ 96 and 97 switched into the circuit between terminals 104 and 107. A single resistor segment or all resistor segments can, however, be short-circuited by bridging selected connections.

On the top wall 91 of the housing 90 is a nipple 109 attached, which extends through an opening 108 in the wall. The nipple 109 can be fitted into an opening which is formed in a pressure medium system, for example the oil distribution system of an internal combustion engine.

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The nipple has a passage 110, the inside of the extends away from the outer end and communicates with an inner bore 111 in which a compliant piston 112 is mounted * The piston is taken care of by a punch 113 this carried, which protrudes from one end of a plunger 114 which extends into the housing 90 and on his other end ends in a thrust washer 1'15. The disc is slidably received and guided in a cylindrical bush 116 carried by the base body 93, the three axially extending slots 117 which are equally spaced from one another.

A pressure-sensitive switch 118 according to the invention is fitted into socket 116 and has three independent, resiliently compressible pressure pieces 119, 120 and 121, which are similar to the pressure pieces of the switches 64, 64a described above. ·

In order to put the device in the operating state, the resistor 94 is arranged on the base body 93 so that the Connection 104 is at the bottom of the guide bush 1rj6 and Engages surface to surface on the lowermost pressure piece 119. The connecting arms 98, 100 and 102 extend through the adjacent slots 117 of the guide. The connecting arm 98 is bent over in order to arrange its connection 99 between the pressure pieces 119 and 120. The arm 101. is bent over, to arrange its connection 103 between the pressure pieces 120 and 121. The arm 100 is bent over to make its connection to be arranged between the thrust pieces 121 and the thrust washer 11 $ of the ram.

Each of the pressure pieces 119-121 is normally non-conductive. Each pressure piece has a different pressure sensitivity, so that a "greater pressure force on one of the pressure pieces than must be applied to the others in order to make it conductive. One of the other two pressure pieces needs to be applied with less pressure than the other to get it

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to make conductive. For the purpose of illustration, the pressure piece 119 can be subjected to a pressure of 0.42 kg / ' cm, the pressure piece 120 conductive by a pressure of 2.11 kg / cm and the pressure piece 121 conductive by a pressure of 4.22 kg / cm be made. The sensitivity of the corresponding pressure pieces can, however, be adjusted in one of various ways as described above.

The pressure transmitter T can be provided in the form of a conventional pressure measuring device 125 which has an oscillating needle 126 which can be actuated to display a low, normal pressure. The position of the needle is determined by a bulb member, the temperature of which is controlled by a resistance heater 127. The circuit has an electrical potential source, for example a battery B, which is connected to the heater 127 via a contact of a motor vehicle ignition switch 128, a current limiter resistor 129, a yoke coil 130 and a constant voltage regulator. The heater 127 is connected to the connection 106 and from there to the connection 107 via the resistor 94. The switches 119, 120 and 121 are connected in parallel with the resistor 94, so that the resistor elements 95, 96 _and ^ y can optionally be inserted into or removed from the measuring circuit.

When the device is assembled and in a fluid system is used, pressure medium can enter the passage 110 and act on the piston "112 to the To move the plunger 114 and thereby the stacked pressure pieces of the switch 118 to a progressively increasing, to apply pressure proportional to the system pressure. If the pressure of the pressure medium is relatively low, how it is the case, for example, when the machine is at a standstill, none of the switch pressure pieces is compressed sufficiently to make it conductive. Therefore, the entire resistance distribution resistor 94- is included in the measuring circuit

switches, so that the indicator needle shows no pressure. When the machine is working, however, the oil pressure should be

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be high enough for the tappet 114- by such an amount move that is sufficient to make the switch plungers and 120 conductive. This makes all three conductive Connections 99 »100 and 103, bridged to the resistor segments 95 and 96 out of the measuring circuit and allow the indicator device to display normal oil pressure to display.

When the oil pressure rises to an unusual or unsafe level, the plunger 114- pushes the stacked switches- " pressure pieces together so far that the third pressure piece 121 becomes conductive, so that the third resistor 97 from the display circuit removed and the gauge shows high oil pressure.

When the oil pressure drops from the normal working pressure, the plunger 114- exerts an increasingly smaller compressive force the stacked switch pressure pieces, so * that only the pressure piece 119 can be conductive, in this case the two resistors 96 and 97 'in the measuring circuit are switched on, so that the indicator shows low pressure.

The longevity of the switch 118 can thereby be improved be that a small amount of a lubricant ,. for example machine oil, at the interface between springs Pressure piece and the associated conductive head is provided,

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Claims (1)

- 16 patent claims: Switching mechanism for the successive actuation of a large number of electrical devices, which have a large number of pressure pieces made of a flexible, elastomeric, electrically non-conductive material, which contain a sufficient amount of electrically conductive particles, J ₁₀ ^ _um ^ ie _pressure ; _ To make j pieces electrically conductive as a function of the application of a predetermined pressure force, j conductors attacking each of the pressure pieces in order to activate each of the pressure pieces in a circuit with different electrical devices and with a source of electrical energy! close, characterized in that the pressure pieces (65-68; 119-121) in a stack in the path of movement of a [movable operating means (82; 111) are arranged; through which the stack of pressure pieces has a compressive force ι such a size can be applied to the pressure pieces to make electrically conductive one after the other and: to keep each pressure piece made conductive conductive until all pressure pads are made conductive. J 2. switching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that! the actuating device (82) can be actuated to generate the compressive force to relieve pressure on all pressure pieces (65-68) in the stack at the same time. ■ 3. switching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating device can be actuated in order to: relieve the pressure force on the pressure pieces one after the other. 4-, switching mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the pressure pieces each have a different elasticity. 5. Switching mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the amount of conductive particles contained in each pressure piece is different. 3 0 9 8 15/0871 6. A switch arrangement according to any preceding claim _r characterized in that the size of the particles in the rocker members each is different. 7. Switching mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized! characterized in that the thickness of each of the pressure pieces under-I is chosen differently. I 8. Switching mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, marked with a lubricant between each of the pressure pieces and the conductors attached to them. . J9 · rear derailleur according to claim 8, characterized in that the ! lubricant is oil. MO. Switch mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, labeled in J characterized in that said pressurizing · exerts an advanced \ border large expectant force on the stack. j 11. Derailleur according to one of the preceding claims, that Characterized in that the actuating device has a 'has rotatable cam (82). : 12. Switching mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that the actuating device comprises a reciprocating member (111) which is pressed against the stack ; presses. 309815/087