DE2234263A1 - Vegetable oil recovery - by treating finely divided raw material as aq slurry with cellulose - Google Patents

Abstract

Oil is recovered from oil-contg. vegetable raw materials by (a) mixing the finely ground raw materials in the form of an aqs. slurry contg >=50 wt.% water with cellulytically active enzymes, under such conditions that the enzymes break down the cell walls, and (b) separating the oil phase from the remaining mass. Gives high yield, suitable for food, with vitamin content, etc. retained.

Description

Process for extracting oil from oil-containing vegetable raw materials Addition to patent (patent application P 21 04 259.1) The present invention relates to a process for the extraction of oily vegetable raw materials, especially grain germs, by enzymatic digestion according to the patent. (Patent application P 21 04 259.1).

In the main patent a process for gentle enzymatic The release of oil from vegetable raw materials is described in which not only that oil is of a higher quality than with the previous pressing and extraction processes, but also damage to the other ingredients of the plant material is largely avoided.

The main patent discloses a process for extracting oil from the oil containing one vegetable raw materials, especially grain germs, through enzymatic digestion, after which the oil-containing grain germs to a water content of max. 10%, preferably 3 to 5%, dried, the dried material finely ground to a water content is diluted by at least 50% and treated with cellulytically effective Etmen, whereupon the oil phase, if necessary after reducing the water content depending on selected separation process to 15 to 35%, is separated from the remaining mass.

The cellulytically active enzymes are preferably made from cellulase forming microorganisms such as Trichodermadspergillus, Penbillium and Actinomyces species, and must be as free of lipase and lipoxidase as possible.

Before enzyme treatment, the dried material is as possible finely grind so that at least about 50% of the ground material has a grain size below about 500 microns and at least about 25% of the milled material has a grain size below about 250 microns. Such a degree of fineness is only one of the device's main patents To achieve pre-drying of the moist germs that arise after the swelling process.

As now in a further development of the process according to the main patent was found, a pre-drying of the oil-containing vegetable material is not required if the moist, not dried oil-containing material with the through a previous processing process caused natural water content, if necessary after pre-shredding, with suitable mechanical or mechanical-acoustic devices is finely crushed and then treated with cellulytically active enzymes.

Fine comminution by the action of strong shear forces and / or rapid pressure changes has been found to be particularly effective. The fine grinding preferably welse should have a particle size of at most 500 microns, but better 400 microns or less, run throughout the grist.

Fine comminution can be done with a SUPRATON device, for example made by Deutsche SUPRATON, Bruckmann & Zucker, Norf. this device has a rotor-stator system consisting of a number of rotating gears, in which the good is produced by the alternation of radial acceleration and throttling forces is exposed to large pressure differences in rapid succession.

Together with the design-related simultaneous occurrence of With high shear forces and ultrasonic waves, the particles are rapidly crushed.

In a SUPRASON device of type D 207, for example, moist Grind the corn germ so finely that about 100% of the grist is less than one grain size about 315 microns and about 40% of the sieve residue a grain size below about 200 Have microns.

The pre-drying step associated with additional energy expenditure can therefore be omitted. In addition, there is one with the thermal load when Drying-related damage to the constituents of the oil-containing material, in particular of nutritionally valuable oils and proteins.

The enzymatic nazeration of the oil-containing material crushed in this way Materials leads to oil yields comparable to those mentioned in the main patent are.

This has proven to be advantageous during the action of cellulytically active enzymes on the finely chopped material the process of fine chopping to repeat once or several times if necessary. To the success of the oil release due to maceration, the water content of the mash is devoid of enzymes significant influence. Accordingly, the enzymatic burning step with the water content resulting from the preceding process mares can be carried out. Appropriately before, during or after the crushing, during or, after maceration, the mechanical urine process chosen for the extraction of oil, separators, decanters or similar devices are suitable for centrifuges, adapted, whereby for economic reasons a dilution to more than the 2-bis 3 times the amount of the oil-containing starting material does not make sense.

The finely ground oil-containing material can be used before the enzyme treatment some of the oil can be separated off, for example by centrifugation. Through this can be used for the subsequent enzymatic treatment of the centrifuge residue required amount of enzyme (based on dry substance) can be reduced. The residue is then cellulytically effective at a water content of at least about 50% Enzysn treated.

The water content of the enzymatically treated mass can accordingly the urn process chosen for oil extraction to facilitate separation of the oil be reduced again, expediently to 20 - 30%, e.g. by sucking off the vapors and / or applying a vacuum or similar.

The before or after the enzymatic treatment in the separation Solid residues obtained from the oil phase can be washed out with water. The washing water can be used together with the aqueous water that is collected during the oil separation Phases for adjusting the water content of the oil-containing material before1 during or after fine shredding or during or after flazeration in the process recycled or reused to restore enzyme activity. This can also be done in such a way that from the aqueous phases and the washing water if necessary, after feeding in the circuit, the ingredients contained therein, such as Proteins and protein degradation products, are isolated.

Due to the further embodiment of the method according to the invention the main patent, the following advantages are achieved: 1. A pre-drying of the oily vegetable material can be omitted. This creates an additional Energy expenditure avoided. In addition, the nutritionally valuable ones remain Ingredients such as oils and proteins are protected from damage.

2. The use of suitable mechanical or mechanical-acoustic Shredding devices, such as SUPRAbON devices, are stirred in the subsequent enzymatic Treatment to improve the exclusion of the cell walls, especially when of the possibility is made use of the fine comminution during the treatment to repeat with cellulytically active enzymes.

3, By recycling the aqueous phases and during washing the solid residues of the washing water in the ~ process will not only a saving of water before or during the fine grinding or Maceration is achieved, but with continuous operation there is also a concentration the proteins and other ingredients it contains, thereby isolating them is facilitated.

Example 1 Germs that occur during the wet milling of maize with a Water content of around 50% is roughly pre-shredded, with around twice the amount Diluted water and finely crushed with the help of a SUPRATON system D 207 (100% <315, u, 40% <200 µ).

corresponding to 12 kg of the painting material obtained in this way, / 4 kg of corn germs and 8 kg of water is adjusted to pH 4.2 with 1 molar soda solution, with 0.3% cellulase AP 3 (based on the dry matter of the germs added and with moderate stirring Heated to 49 to 500C for 18 hours. During the Nazeration, the mass becomes every 4 1/2 hour given by the SUPRATON system.

After that, the water content of the enzymatically treated mass is determined by suction of the vapors is reduced to about 25% and the oil is separated off by centrifugation. It becomes an oil from pale yellow to golden yellow in a yield of about 85 up to 90% of those present in the germs used and extractable with petroleum ether amount of oil received.

The solid residue obtained after centrifuging off the oil can with Water are washed out and to adjust the water content of the coarsely pre-crushed Germs are fed back into the process. To obtain the in the aqueous phases Proteins and other ingredients contained in it can be used continuously Working method peeled off from time to time and, for example, thickened in a vacuum and spray dried.

The resulting solid centrifuge residues can be moist or after appropriate drying can be used for feeding purposes.

Example 2 Corn germs obtained according to Example 1 are coarsely pre-comminuted and finely ground with the addition of water.

The finely chopped butters are brought to a water content ~ of about 25% dried and part of the oil is centrifuged off. About 44% of the in the germs as a whole separated from the oil contained. The pre-de-oiled mass is accordingly Example 1 treated with cellulase AP 3. After maceration it can be centrifuged another 46% of the oil present in the starting material can be recovered.

The washing water for the solid residue and the aqueous phases, which arise when the oil is centrifuged off, can continue as in Example 1 be treated.

Claims (8)

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Process for extracting oil from oil-containing vegetable raw materials, in particular grain germs, by enzymatic digestion according to patent (patent application P 21 O4 259.1) by noting that the moist, not dried Oil-containing material with that caused by a previous processing process natural water content, if necessary after pre-shredding, with suitable mechanical or mechanical-acoustic devices finely crushed and then with cellulytically active enzymes is treated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t, that the fine comminution by the action of strong shear forces and / or faster Pressure change processes on the regrind takes place. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h r e t that all of the grist is reduced to a particle size of 500 microns or less, in particular, it is crushed at most 400 microns. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h r- e t that the possibly pre-shredded moist oil-containing material before or during the fine grinding? is diluted with jasser and the fine grinding while the treatment with cellulytically active enzymes is optionally repeated. 5. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized g e k e n It is noted that the finely ground oil-containing material can be removed from the Enzyme treatment separates part of the oil, for example by centrifugation and the residue at a water content of at least about 50% with cellulose treated with effective enzymes. 6. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized g e k e n It is noted that the aqueous phase that occurs when part of the oil is separated is obtained from the finely ground oil-containing material before the enzyme treatment or is fed back into the process during fine grinding. 7. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized g e k e n Note that the before or after the enzymatic treatment in the separation solid residues obtained from the oil phase are washed out with water, and that the wash water together with that which may arise during the oil separation aqueous phase to restore the enzyme activity and to adjust the water content of the oily material before, during or after the fine grinding or during or is returned to the process after the enzymatic treatment. 8. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized g e k e It is not noted that the proteins are derived from the aqueous phases and the washing water and other ingredients are isolated.