DE2219249B2 - GAS-CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES MIXTURE - Google Patents

Description

about 0.05 _^0/0 to the explosive to impart a density of about 1.0 to about 1.3 g / cm ^3.

When guaran gum is used for thickening, the calcium ion works. that from the solution of the Calcium nitrate originates, surprisingly in part, as a crosslinking agent. In addition, you can gen: .ge amounts, for example about 0.05 to about 0.2%. an aqueous solution of ferric nitrate and ! '.' atrium dichromate or other crosslinking agents use.

The use of sodium nitrate allows the freezing point to be regulated to a certain extent. Advantageously, the composition contains therefore about 3 to about 5 ° / ₀ sodium nitrate.

Finely divided aluminum, magnesium alloys or solid hydrocarbons can be added to the mass; thiourea can continue in very small amounts, for example, approximately 0.05 ° / _0, angewe / ood be to fix dip speed at which the gas generating sodium nitrite affects. Ethylene glycol or formamide can also be added.

To obtain an explosive mixture according to the invention, for example 3% sodium nitrate, 30% technical calcium nitrate, 30 ° /
to /

Ammonium nitrate and 3% additional water together. The solution is prepared at around 60 ° C. then about 0.1 to 0.2% of a thickener is added. The resulting oxidation salt solution is then emulsified, for example, with 7% of a bee oil. Crosslinking agents are added to the dispersion thus obtained and additional amounts of solid ammonium nitrate and finely divided aluminum as well a gas-generating agent added.

The mass can be shot down after about 10 minutes. After about 10 to 14 hours the mass becomes firm, but remains pliable. After about 24 hours the mass will be under ordinary Conditions harsh and essentially excretes the free water. The droplets of liquid hydrocarbon remain evenly dispersed.

The following Table I shows, for example, some explosive mixtures according to the invention and their properties.

Table 1

Dimensions

A I B j C

Components in percent by weight

Solution containing ammonium nitrate

Calcium nitrate (technical)

Sodium nitrate

water

Thickener ¹ )

Thiourea

Fuel oil

Dry, solid ammonium nitrate

Gas-generating agent ² )

Crosslinking agent ³ )

properties

Solution temperature

Fuel oil temperature

Density when loading the borehole ⁴ )

Condition (12 hours after filling the borehole)

Shooting results (in cardboard tubes, the length of which was 6 times the diameter, using a cast auxiliary charge 7.6 cm in diameter and 5.1 cm in length

at 2O ⁰ C and 7.6 cm diameter

at 5 ° C and 10.2 cm in diameter

at 5 ° C and 12.7 cm in diameter

F.
F.
D.

29.4 35.5 35.5 23.5 28.4 28.4 3.5 4.3 4.3 3.5 5.3 5.3 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.06 J 07 0.07 7.0 7.5 7.5 33.0 20.0 20.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ο, ι 0.05 70 ⁰ C 7O ⁰ C 70 ° C 10 ⁰ C 10 ⁰ C 10 ⁰ C 1.20 1.19 1.19 hard hard hard fixed fixed fixed

D.
F.
D.

D.
F.
D.

') Thickener = 4 parts of a guaran gum and 1 part of an anionic heteropolysaccharide, produced by fermentation

of a carbohydrate with the aid of a mass containing Xanthomcmas bacteria.
* »Gas-forming agent = 1 part sodium nitrite and 4 parts water,

^ eifetSufigMiRet ==! Part Na »CrttV2H» 0vmdl TM Wässer üedl Part Fe (NO ₄ ), * 9HiO; '' ^:

*) '= Density at atmospheric pressure.
F => fails.
P = detonated.

The results show that the masses. Table II shows further examples of Spreng · -

according to the invention with success at temperatures up to 65 mixtures according to the invention with different

liquid hydrocarbons are detonated down to 5 ⁰ C, Table IH a mi

can, if they are in open cargo with a loop containing aluminum,
knives of 12.7 cm can be ignited.

Table IΓ

E. Dimensions G H D. 4.2 F. 4.2 4.2 4.2 2.8 4.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 30.8 2.8 30.8 30.8 30.8 32.2 30.8 32.2 32.2 32.2 0.1 32.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 22.0 0.2 22.0 22.0 22.0 0.4 22.0 0.4 0.4 0.004 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.6 0.3 - - 7.8 5.2 - - - - - 7.8 7.8 - - 7.8 - 1.12 1.17 1.18 1.17 fails 1.15 fails fails ν says detonated fails detonated detonated detonated - detonated - - fails - - fails fails detonated - fails fails fails detonated fails fails detonated detonated - detonated detonated

Sodium nitrate

water

Calcium nitrate (technical)

Ammonium nitrate

Thiourea

Thickener *)

Ethylene glycol

Dry ammonium nitrate

Gas-forming def medium **)

Crosslinking agent ***)

Fuel oil No. 2

Fuel oil No. 6

toluene

benzene

Xylene

Density at 20 ⁰ C ****)

Shooting results (using an auxiliary charge 7.6 cm in diameter and 5.1 cm in length)
at 20 ⁰ C and 7.6 cm in diameter

10.2 cm diameter

at 5 ⁰ C and 7.6 cm in diameter

10.2 cm diameter

10.2 cm diameter

12.7 cm in diameter

15.2 cm diameter

*) Guaran gum from Stein Hall. **) Gas-generating agent as in Table I.

***) Crosslinking agent: 9 parts of dimethylformamide to 1 part of titanium chloride. ****) Density at atmospheric pressure.

Table III Mass percent by weight

Sodium nitrate 3.6

Water 2.4

Calcium nitrate (technical) 23.8

Ammonium nitrate 29.7

Thiourea 0.12

Thickener *) 0.12

Ethylene glycol 0.24

Dry ammonium nitrate 25.3

Gas-generating agent **) 0.05

Crosslinking agent ***) 0.3

*) Cf. Table II.

**) cf. Table II.

***) cf. Table II.

♦ * · *) Comp. Table II.

Mass percent by weight

Fuel oil 4.4

Aluminum metal (a coated,

finely crushed aluminum) 10.0

Density at 2O ⁰ C ****) 1.20

Shooting results (with a cast
Auxiliary charge 7.6 cm in diameter
and 5.1 cm length)
fails at 5 ° C and 3 inches in diameter

10.2 cm diameter detonated detonated at 0 ⁰ C and 15.2 cm diameter

The explosives mixtures according to the invention can, if desired, immediately after introduction detonated in the borehole. You can detonate even then when in the borehole. What $ he is liÄd / ödif if they have been in the borehole for several days stayed.

The cargoes can also be packed in plastic bags or in cardboard tubes and in this form detonate at the blasting site.

The masses can be safely pumped through a hose with a subcritical diameter. One Mass, the critical diameter of which is 12.7 cm, can be z. B. in a borehole with a diameter of 15.2 cm or pump in more with a Schlaubh's hooves »that

has a diameter of about 10.2 cm. By gassing the mass, a density of about 1.0 g / cm ⁸ or less to about 1.3 g / cm ³ , preferably 1.2 g / cm ³ , can be achieved.

Claims (3)

1 2 low temperatures, ζ. B. 5 = C and below, claims: detonated. That used in the present invention 1. Gas-containing explosives mixture on the calcium nitrate surprisingly acts as an emulsifying base of at least one anabolic nitrate, 5 medium and at the same time as an oxidizing agent. Practically none liquid hydrocarbons, small amounts Technical calcium gene is used Water, a thickening agent and calcium nitrate, as it is primarily offered for fertilization purposes cium nitrate, is characterized. This shows roughly the following composition: that the content of calcium nitrate 20 to 30% of the Total mass is. io component weight percent 2. explosives mixture according to claim 1, da- Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ (anhydrous) 80.4 to 81.4 characterized in that they have a smaller water (hydration water) 13 to 14 Proportion of a crosslinkable thickener NH ₄ NO ₃ 4.8 to 5.4 having. Mg (NO ₃ ). 0.5 to "1.0 3. explosives mixture according to claim 2, da- 13 characterized by having a cross-particle size wetting agent made from approximately equal parts of water, (Tyler meshes) Contains sodium dichromate and ferric nitrate. No. 10 (2.00 mm) remain behind .. 4.5 ° / _{0 2O} No. 20 (0.84 mm) remain behind .. 78.0% No. 40 (0.42 mm) remain behind .. 97.0% The present invention relates to gaseous No. 60 (0.25 mm) lagging. 99.7% Mixtures of explosives containing calcium nitrate. From the USA patent section 3,201,291 are of course also anhydrous calcium nitrate Mixtures of explosives known as agents for reducing calcium or calcium nitrate with a different hydrate content the freezing point, i.e. the gelling point. Under the working conditions lies or crystallization temperature, calcium nitrate contains in any case part of the calcium nitrate in solid, hydrated form. According to this patent specification can be in the sated form. Mixtures also used fuels, which The hydrocarbon is in the form of a homogeneous are not miscible with water, e.g. B. Diesel oil. 30 dispersion of liquid droplets present that Further, when the oxygen is nearly balanced, the diameter can be about 0.01 mm or less oilanz ammonium nitrate, water and a swelling agent. Preferably the dispersed throats are present be. The explosives mixture consists of hydrogen droplets between 5 and approximately in size here from an aqueous solution of the water-soluble 5000 Å. Components in which the solid or liquid, 35 With ^r , .eie are benzene, toluene and xylenes or water-immiscible components are dispersed petroleum distillates such as gasoline, petroleum and diesel oil. Guaran- The invention now relates to a gas-containing explosive rubber or starch or a synthetic, anionic mixture of substances based on at least one heteropolysaccharide polymer.
Inorganic nitrate, a liquid hydrocarbon 40 Furthermore, small amounts of water, a thickening mixture, are used to produce the explosive, inorganic oxidizing salts such as aming agents and calcium nitrate. It is characterized by the fact that the content of calcium nitrate in the mass is chlorates and perchlorates, such as sodium perchlorate. 20 to 30% of the total mass. The ammonium nitrate can be granulated or melted The invention is based on the new knowledge that 45 be zen. In a preferred embodiment, calcium nitrate is present in an amount of 20 to 30% in a part of the salt used in aqueous solution, such explosive mixtures as an emulsifier for another part in solid form.
the liquid carbon contained in the fuel, apart from the inorganic salts Hydrogen works. This effect is also surprising, calcium nitrate, approximately in amounts of 25 to ⁷¹ %, since it could not be assumed that the 50 is preferably about 60 to 70% of the mass before.
inorganic calcium nitrate as an emulsifier for a The amount of fuel is chosen so that the liquid hydrocarbon in aqueous solution serve the explosives mixture within oxygen content could. an area from -f-10% to about -20% of the The use of calcium nitrate in amounts of oxygen balance lies. Preferred mixtures ent-20 up to 30% accelerates solidification or freezing 55 holds about 6 to about 12% liquid hydrocarbons Sludge, after this in place, substance in emulsified form. brought or inserted into the blast hole. In general, an amount of 1 to 10%, a separation and settling of suspended, preferably 3 to about $%, water from the Her particles te ScWafflm prevents, the water-resistant position is used, 'in addition one uses about Speed and sensitivity of the mass improved by 60 0.05 to about 0.50%, preferably about 0.1%, of one originally captured or otherwise in conventional thickeners. ' The mixture contains incorporated gas bubbles against migration. Furthermore, the explosives mixture contains a gas or escape. The forming agent such as sodium nitrite, and an encryption _"> containing compositions preferably have solid, finely divided fuels cross-linking agents to gelatinization of Verdiekungs-} [ 'materials or sensitizers, such as aluminum, to cause Gilsonit- means 65. _t , j Asphalt, sulfur or trinitrotoluene. The gas-forming agents such as sodium nitrite and water- Λ ^ Such masses have an extraordinary amount of hydrogen peroxide, if used in small amounts, finiteness, they can even be relatively small, for example about 0.01 to about 0.2%, preferably * ""^;