DE2218832A1 - Lifting clamp - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVERTISER β MÖNCHEN, 1 3. 4.1972 / Dr. DR. WILHELM HATE GRADUATE ENGINEER

Interproduct N.V., 38-44, Buntlaan, Driebergen

Lifting clamp

The invention relates to a lifting clamp for clamping gripping of plate-shaped loads to be lifted between a curved clamping surface on an eccentrically mounted and rotatable clamping segment, the one Forms lever of a toggle system, on the other lever engages a lifting eye, and a flat counter-clamping surface on a counter-clamping segment that can be adjusted transversely to the load to be lifted in the direction of the plate thickness.

In many lifting clamps of the above type, the eccentrically mounted clamping segment engages with a number of teeth sitting on its clamping surface on the ones to be lifted Plates on. These known lifting clamps are readily suitable for handling plates of various types Strength as their toggle systems are so sized

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can be that the effective radius for the curved clamping surface of the clamping segment changed to a large extent can be. The teeth on the clamping surface of the clamping segment quickly leave a sufficient one Achieve clamping effect.

However, this generation of clamping action is at the expense of a Damage to the surface of the panels to be lifted. But now there is such a surface damage to many Types of plates, such as stainless steel plates, must be avoided at all costs When lifting such plates, only a lifting clamp with smooth clamping surfaces without teeth is considered. This Forgiving teeth on the clamping surfaces, however, has the undesirable consequence that when exercising the same size Clamping forces only a much smaller clamping effect can be achieved. It is true that this deficiency can go through correct a changed dimensioning of the toggle lever system, which leads to the achievement of greater clamping forces, however this is again at the expense of the maximum area for a change in the effective radius of the curved ones Clamping surface, so that there are restrictions on the permissible strength for those with a result thus designed lifting clamp show liftable plates.

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To remedy this, it has already been proposed to make the clamping segment adjustable by hand with HiIPe of an adjusting rod. With such a construction, a satisfactory ^ · tory result can be true with careful operation to achieve, is disadvantageous here ^JE: but the fact that be, namely set the Gegenlclemmsegment each very accurate with a tolerance of only about 2 mm on each plate thickness got to. A lack of care in this regard can still be accepted in the transition from handling thin plates to handling thick plates,. Since then it is simply impossible to insert the thicker panels into the incorrectly set lifting clamp - however, there are major operational hazards when transitioning from thicker panels to thinner ones, since a thin panel, which may initially be still clamped, will loosen from the lifting clamp in the event of vibrations in the lifted state and can lead to serious accidents. '^; :

The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a lifting clamp of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that that they require no special care even if the clamping surface and counter-clamping surface are smooth. adjustment work both to achieve sufficient

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clamping forces as well as the adaptation to those to be lifted Panels with different thickness allows »

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the counter-clamping segment from a fixed block and a wedge-shaped one having the counter-clamping surface Body is formed in the unlocked position of a locking mechanism for the toggle system yields a spring force which presses it towards the clamping segment.

Thanks to the design according to the invention, the clamping surface and the counter-clamping surface when the locking mechanism is locked a maximum distance from each other, so that the lifting clamp easily on plates with can put on very different strengths. On the other hand, after releasing the lock for the toggle lever system the respective plate is independent of its thickness between the clamping segment and the counter-clamping segment

locked in. Since a plate can only be lifted with the help of the lifting clamp after releasing the lock for the A toggle system is possible, but then each plate is securely clamped regardless of its strength avoids any risk of a raised panel inadvertently loosening from the lifting clamp and causing an accident can lead.

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Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in sub claims.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated using preferred exemplary embodiments; show:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a designed according to the invention Lifting clamp after removing one of its side panels,

Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the lifting clamp. of Fig. 1 with the viewing direction indicated by the arrow II in FIG. 1 and

Fig. 3 to 5 a somewhat simplified embodiment of a Lifting clamp according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in three consecutive ones Operating states when gripping and lifting a plate.

in Fig. 1 is only the rear of two parallel side plates 1, between which the parts of the lifting clamp are enclosed in the usual manner; the associated front side panel 1 is omitted to reveal the various levers. Of the Clamping mechanism includes a lever 2 which has a shaft 3 on a second lever 4 to the axis of rotation. This second one Lever 4 has one attached to the side plates 1

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Shaft 5 to the axis of rotation, while the upper end of the lever 2 is connected to a lifting eye 7 via a shaft 6. The lifting eye 7 is movable in the vertical direction, since the shaft 6 adjoins along vertical guide tracks 8 the insides of the two side panels 1 can move.

On its acting as a clamping surface 9 curved outer surface the lever 4 has a radius of curvature 10 ·, whose center 10 is eccentric to the central axis of the shaft 5. Initially, the shaft 6 is at the bottom in the guideways 8, and moves upward in the guideways when a lifting force is applied, so that the toggle system with levers 2 and 4 is somewhat stretched and a larger radius of the clamping surface 9 with respect to the central axis of the shaft 5 for a plate 11 to be clamped becomes effective. This will make the Plate 11, over a plate 39 to be described in more detail, which is the sole of a U-shaped profiled shoe 40 forms, pressed against a mating clamping surface 12, the in the illustrated lifting clamp as well as the surface of the plate 39 is smooth.

According to the invention, the mating clamping surface 12 now forms a Part of a wedge 13, which extends at its inclined

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The rear side is provided with a toothing 14. Fixed in A block 15 is attached to the side plates ι brought on its side facing the wedge 13 is also provided with teeth 16.

As can be clearly seen from FIG. 2, the block 15 carries a carriage 17 * having a T-shaped profile about the wedge 13 with a corresponding shape milled slot parallel to the teeth 14 and 16 is movable. When there is no compressive force on the wedge acts, so if no plate 11 is clamped, the teeth 14 and 16 of the wedge 13 and the Block 15 pushed a short distance away from each other, because the T-shaped profiled carriage 17 is perpendicular to Teeth 16 under the action of a compression spring set 18 is movable inside the block 15. Hence can without clamping force the wedge 13 and the block 15 with their teeth 14 and 16 unimpeded parallel to one another other move in / direction that forms an acute angle with the main plane of the plate 11 to be handled.

In the wedge 13, a pin 19 is attached, which with some Game is movable in a stationary sleeve 20 and around which a compression spring 21 is placed, which is

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is supported against an end surface 20 'of the sleeve 20 and the Wedge 13 pushes obliquely downwards, as far as this is not from a locking mechanism to be described in more detail is prevented.

The wedge 13 is further provided with an eyelet 22 which carries a pin 23 which is located in a slot 24 in a wedge lever 25. The wedge lever 25 is up a fixed shaft 26 located approximately in its center can be pivoted.

It can also be seen from Fig. 1 that the upper lever

2 of the toggle system at its near the shaft

3 lying end with an i.w. A widening 27 extending perpendicular to the line of action of the lever 2 is provided is. In addition, a rearwardly projecting shaft 28 is provided in the side plates 1, which with a handle 35 is provided by means of which it can be rotated. The shaft 28 carries you through a first bolt 29 and a second bolt 30 formed locking mechanism, the operation of which is still is described in more detail. In Fig. 1 is the locking mechanism shown in its unlocked position, in which the toggle system clamps the plate 11;

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In this state, the bolt 30 rests on a spacer pin 3Ί which, together with another spacer pin 31 ', holds the side plates 1 of the lifting clamp together in a known manner.

In Fig. 1, a tension spring 32 is also shown, which on the one hand on a pin 33 in the bolt 29 and on the other hand engages on a pin 34 in the widening 27 of the lever 2. In the unlocking position shown in FIG the toggle system is stretched as far as possible by the tension spring 32, with the shaft 6 already occupies the highest position that is permitted by the thickness of the existing plate 11, without the lifting eye 7 is pulled upwards against the effect of the weight of the plate 11.

The latches 29 and 30 serve to initially only close the wedge lever 25 by actuating the outer handle 35 unlock, so that the wedge 13 ensures that the plate 11 regardless of its thickness with little force is clamped, and further to stretch the toggle lever system by further rotation of the handle 35, so that then primarily the plate 11 with larger Force is pinched while at the same time the teeth 14 and 16 engage one another. Then can with

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the lifting can be started, where under the action of the weight to be lifted, the toggle system is further stretched and a greater clamping force is exerted on the plate 11 is exercised.

The two latches 29 and 30 can be moved relative to one another up to a certain angle. The wave 28, with which the bolt 29 and 30 are operated from the outside is provided with a square 28 'on which the bolt 30 is attached with a corresponding hole. The bolt 30 follows every movement of the handle 35 or the shaft 28. The bolt 29, however, has a round hole on a round part 28 * 'of the shaft 28 attached and freely rotatable relative to the shaft 28.

The bolt 29 follows the movement of the bolt 30 with a certain backlash, since the bolt 30 is a curved one Slot 36 is provided, the pin 33 carrying the tension spring 32 is attached to the bolt 29 and protrudes into the slot 36 in the bolt 30.

Further details of the lifting clamp will now be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, at the same time the Effect of the lifting clamp will be explained. For the sake of clarity, an embodiment is shown in Figs

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shown, which of the embodiment of FIG differs in that the shoe 40 is absent on the eccentric clamping segment. Related to it is the horizontal dimension of the wedge 13 is slightly larger than in Fig. 1; otherwise, both are embodiments equal to each other;

The point of application formed by the pin 33 of Tension spring 32 on the bolts is of great importance for the good effect of the lifting clamp. Fig. 3 shows the The locking position of the lifting clamp, i.e. the position in which the wedge 13 is in its highest position is held and in which the toggle system is locked so that between the clamping surface 9 and the Counter clamping surface 12 no plates 11 are clamped can. In this locking position according to FIG. The line of action of the tension spring 32 extends to the right the wave 28 passed. The spring force is then effective in such a way that the locking is maintained is so that the two latches 29 and 30 are pressed in a clockwise direction.

In this position is the end 29 'of the front bolt 29 on a curved surface 37 with which the

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stretched part of the lever 2 merges into the widening 27. This surface 37 has a radius of curvature, which corresponds to the distance from the effective end 29 'of the bolt 29 to the central axis of the shaft 28.

The right end of the wedge lever 25 has an indented surface 38, in the locked position According to FIG. 3, the effective end 30 · of the bolt 30 comes to rest. When locking pivots under the Action of the rule 30 of the wedge lever 25 for lifting the wedge 13 to the right, the pin 23 being in the Slot 24 in the wedge lever 25 can move.

During locking, the bolt 30 is positively driven by the rotation of the handle 35 about the shaft 28. During this rotation in the sense of a clockwise rotation, the pin 33 is carried along by the upper end of the slot 36, so that the bolt 29 precedes the bolt 30. In this embodiment, the angle between the lines of action of both bars 29 and 30, i.e. between the lines, the effective ends 29 * or 30 'with the central axis the shaft 28 connect, about 55 °. As a result, the latch 29 becomes the curved surface first during locking 37 so that the toggle system is locked.

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The latch 29 then moves over the above-mentioned one Angular value along the surface 37 further into the position shown in FIG. 3, without this changing the position of the toggle system influenced. Finally, the wedge lever 25 is rotated by the approach of the bolt 30, whereby the wedge 13 is lifted.

If you want to lift, a plate 11 is in the Gap between the clamping surface 9 and 12 of the counter-clamping surface brought in. The locking mechanism is then rotated by the handle 35. Through the described Construction is initially only rotated the bolt 30 to the left, so that the wedge 13 comes free and executes a downward movement. This movement of the wedge 13 continues until the plate 11 with the given thickness with a small, exclusively determined by the spring 21 force between the Clamping surface 9 and the mating clamping surface 12 just a ^ closed is.

The teeth 14 and 16 on the wedge 13 and on the block 15 engage then not yet into each other.

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During this first phase of unlocking, the bolt 29 remains in the position shown in FIG. 3 until the bolt 30 has performed a rotation corresponding to the angular spacing of the slot 36, which spacing in this version is about 48. It should be noted that the tension spring 32 is no longer tensioned in this phase will. Only when, with a further rotation of the bolt 30, the lower end of the curved slot 36 touches the pin 33, the bolt 29 also rotates to the left, while at the same time the Zugefder 32 continues is tensioned. 4 shows the moment at which the bolt 29 has reached the end of the effective surface 37. From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the bolt 30 is then only at a small distance from the outermost position its rotation determining pin 31 is located. 4 also shows that the line of action of the tension spring 32 is about to pass the central axis of the shaft 28 on its upper side. This means that the force of this tension spring 32 is now able to both the bolt 29 counterclockwise to complete Unlocking the toggle system to move further, as well as the toggle system in the intended way stretch and thus begin to build up the clamping force. This effect is obtained when one, from the in Fig. 4 from the position shown, the locking mechanism

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I have to move one last little push to the left, until the bolt 30 rests completely on the pin 31. Then the effective end 29 * of the other bolt 29 is fully on the effective surface 37 passed and this bolt 29 can pivot counterclockwise, with the pin 33 moves through the slot 36. By the abrupt movement of the mainspring 32 from the state according to Fig. 4, in which the tension spring 32 is extra tensioned by the action of the locking mechanism, the Knee lever suddenly extended. The toggle system then exerts a compressive force through which the wedge 13 is attached to his Teeth 14 brought into engagement with the teeth 16 on the block 15 will. The size of the pressure on the irid lifting clamp held plate 11 is determined by the dimensioning the tension spring 32 is determined. This state is shown in Fig. 5, which also shows that the shaft 6 together ' is guided with the lifting eye 7 upwards. From this moment on, the lifting eye 7 can be pulled The lifting force applied by the toggle system is used as a clamping force between the clamping surface 9 and the counter clamping surface 1 2 transferred.

From the above description it is clear that by the suitable arrangement of the upper point of application of the tension spring 32 the effect can be obtained that in the correct

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a sudden stretching force on the Toggle system is exercised. This ensures that the wedge 13 is immediately in the position that during the Clamping of a plate 11 with a given thickness is present, engages in the teeth 16. So it is not possible that due to a delay in the effect during the stretching movement of the toggle system of the wedge 13 still a component of movement in its normal oblique direction of movement parallel to the serrations 14 and 16 receives, whereby the teeth 14 and 16 in an incorrect Position would interlock, which would have the consequence that the distance between the clamping surface and the counter clamping surface 12 on the wedge 13 for the given Plate 11 becomes too large, so that the clamping force obtained is insufficient and the plate 11 out of the lifting clamp can slip out. At the same time, the relative movement of the two latches 29 and 30 is also possible The aid of the curved slot 36 achieves the first phase of unlocking, i.e. the mere releasing of the wedge 13 can be carried out to find its correct position for the given panel thickness, without the tension spring 32 needing to be further tensioned by the same movement of the bolt. The tensioning the tension spring 32 is therefore only carried out in the second

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Phase, i.e. after the wedge 13 is in its correct position has already taken with the given plate thickness. It should also be noted that the tension spring 32 can be very strong can without this causing difficulties in unlocking. The ratio of the lever arms at the point of the Handle 35 or at the point of the upper point of application of the tension spring 32 opposite the shaft 28 is yes very large.

It will also be clear that when the lifting clamp is to be removed from a plate 11 again, the locking mechanism acts in the manner mentioned above. In the first phase of locking, the toggle system is blocked, so that the pressure on the plate 11 is terminated and the Teeth 14 and 16 come loose from each other. In the second Phase the wedge lever 25 is blocked, the 'wedge 13 is brought back to its highest position.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 5, the presses eccentric clamping segment 4 with its clamping surface 9 directly against the plate 11. This embodiment can have the consequence that the surface is not roughly damaged, as is the case with the serrated.

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pointing clamps, but still shows a line-shaped impression by the eccentric surface 9 applied high planographic pressure.

Fig. 1 now shows an embodiment detail, whereby this disadvantage is eliminated. The lever 4 is provided there with a shoe 40, which has a plate-shaped, i.w. parallel has the sole 39 lying on the counter-clamping surface 12, the side plates lying on two side plates on both sides of the lever 4 connects. The shoe is attached to the shaft 5 by means of a pair of slots 41 and can vibrate in that the slots 41 are larger than the pin 5 in the width and length directions.

On the upper side, the shoe 40 is provided with an eyelet on which a tension spring is attached with the aid of a pin 43 44, the other end of which is attached to one between the side plates 1 of the lifting clamp Pin 45 engages, which is located at an angle above the shoe 40.

If there is no plate 11 in the lifting clamp, the shoe 40 is thus due to the action of the tension spring

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44 canted approximately to the left, so that the sole 39 is below has a greater distance from the opposing clamping surface 12. The shaft 5 is then located at the bottom in the slot 41.

After the introduction of a plate to be lifted 11 between the sole 39 of the shoe 40 and the mating clamping surface 12 can this plate 11 in the manner described by loosening the first bolt 29 and the thereby brought about Adjustment of the wedge 13 are clamped. Then the sole 39 of the shoe 40 inevitably arises parallel, and the clamping surface 9 begins against the rear side of the sole 39 of the shoe 40 to press.

The rest of the process is as described above, the width of the slot 41 allowing an increasing radius of the lever 4 to take effect while the The length of the slot 41 allows the clamping surface 9 to develop during the pressure build-up. According to that In the case of a lifting clamp without a shoe, the plate 11 is opposite to the pressure build-up Push the counter clamping surface 12 down a little. The shoe 40 follows this movement.

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The result is that the clamping force of the clamping surface is distributed over a much larger surface through the sole 39, so that no linear impression can arise in the plate 11 and the plate 11, so without suffering any damage, raised can be.

In the embodiment with the shoe 40 needs the Lever 4 does not have a very smooth surface because it is no longer in direct contact with the plate 11 Touch, rather, this surface can be kept rough so that there is a good attack on the cam Rear side of the sole 39 results. The front side of the sole 39 is then of course smoothed so that the surface of the plate 11 to be lifted is not damaged will.

The lifting clamp can be made of steel in all versions but for certain areas of application a production from plastic may be preferred, For example, a plastic that is resistant to chemical effects can be used.

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Claims (16)

Claims 1. Lifting clamp for the gripping of items to be lifted plate-shaped loads between a curved clamping surface on an eccentrically mounted and rotatable Clamping segment, which forms one lever of a toggle lever system, on the other lever one Attacking lifting eye, and a flat counter-clamping surface on a counter-clamping segment that can be adjusted transversely to the load to be lifted in the direction of the plate thickness, characterized in that the counter-clamping segment consists of a fixed block (15) and a counter-clamping segment Pool (12) having wedge-shaped body or wedge (13) is formed, which in the unlocked position of a locking mechanism (29, 30) for the The toggle system (2, 4) yields a spring force (21) that moves it towards the clamping segment (4) pushes back. 2. lifting clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring force (21) acts on the wedge (13) 209350/0645 in a direction enclosing an acute angle with the counter-clamping surface (12) works. 3. lifting clamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the block (15) and the Wedges (13) each have a toothing (16 or 14) on their mutually facing sides. 4. lifting clamp according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the latch mechanism has a first and a second latch (30 and 29, respectively) contains, of which the first bolt (30) can be pivoted directly via a handle (35) and in turn takes the second bolt (29) with it after overcoming a certain dead gear. 5. lifting clamp according to claim 4, characterized in that the second latch (29) with a curved slot (36) in the first Latch (30) protruding pin (33) is provided. 6. lifting clamp according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the first bolt (30) in the locking position on a wedge lever (25) acts, which in turn then the wedge (13) in maximum Keeps distance from the clamping surface (9). 2Q985Ö / 0645 7. Lifting clamp according to claim 6, · characterized in that the wedge lever (25) is pivotably mounted approximately in the middle and with the wedge over a pin (23) engaging in a slot (24) is in communication. 8. lifting clamp according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the second bolt (29) in the toggle lever system (2, 4) holds in its most kinked position, in which the clamping segment (4) is blocked. 9. lifting clamp according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that a tension spring (32) which extends the toggle system and generates clamping force on the second bolt (29) engages at such a point (33) that its line of action in the locking position on one side of the two bolts (29 and 30) pivotally connecting the shaft (28) and upon transition to the unlocking position under further tension of the tension spring (32) migrates to the other side of this shaft (28). 209850/0645 10. lifting clamp according to claim 9, characterized in that the point of application of the tension spring (32) on the second bolt (29) with the in the Slot (36) in the first bolt (30) engaging pin (33) coincides. 11. lifting clamp according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the contact surface (38) for the first bolt (30) on the wedge lever (25), the Contact surface (37) for the second bolt (29) on the toggle lever system (2, 4), the mutual position of the spring two bolts (29 and 30) and the angular distance for their rotation are chosen so that the wedge lever (25) without changing the position of the second bolt (29), the toggle lever system (2, 4) and the tension spring (32) is unlockable. 12. Lifting clamp according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the wedge (13) opposite the block (15) guided by means of a slide (17) is arranged between the and the block (15) springs (i8) are that the wedge (13) from the block (15) to remove search. 209850/0645 13 »lifting clamp according to claim 12, characterized in that the maximum spring deflection of the springs (18) is the height of the teeth (14 and 16) on the wedge (13) or "on the block (15) exceeds. 14. Lifting clamp according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a pressure distribution plate is provided between the clamping segment (4) and the counter-clamping segment (13) (39) with the size of the clamping surface (9) and / or the counter-clamping surface (12) exceeding Surface is arranged. 15. Lifting clamp according to claim 14, characterized in that the pressure distribution plate is the sole (39) of a shoe (40) with a U-shaped Forms cross-section, which is tiltable and with respect to a shaft (5) carrying the clamping segment (4) is arranged adjustable in two directions. 16. lifting clamp according to claim 15, characterized in that a tension spring (44) engages the shoe (40) and spreads it that of the shoe (40) together with the counter clamping surface (12) seeks to twist the limited receiving opening towards its open end. 2 0S85 0/0645 Lee r side