DE2205704A1 - Underwater at the bottom of the building component and method and device for the foundation of the component - Google Patents

Description

D: pl .-! Ng.

D-8023 Munich - Pullach WieeefSf r.2, T.Mdin. 7 93 35 70.7 931782

DB / Mü-P / 7182 8023 Pullach, February 7, 1972

REDPATH DORMAN LONG LIMITED, Elliott House, Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland

Underwater at the bottom of the building component and method and device for the foundation of the component

The invention relates to a component that is on the underwater lying ground can be anchored like a foundation. The invention also relates to a method for anchoring a retractable Component on an underwater ground and a vehicle for excavating the underwater ground below such a component.

From one point of view to which the invention is not entirely general is limited, a vehicle is arranged for excavating the material under a lying on an underwater ground Component created, wherein the vehicle is designed such that it has a positive buoyancy and shows facilities, by means of which the vehicle can come into contact with a lower surface of the component and be on this surface Can move long and means of carrying excavation equipment.

^; The vehicle can be constructed with power-driven wheels or rollers in order to enable it to come into contact with the said underlying surface and to move on this surface «,

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The wheels or rollers can be arranged in such a way that they allow the vessel to move in either direction thereon lower surface moves and that it can rotate around its center.

The vehicle is equipped with excavation devices consisting of a cutting or breaking head and / or production facilities consist of a high pressure water jet and / or a suction pipe, the suction pipe preferably also to this serves to convey material for filling into the excavated space.

The vehicle preferably has a buoyancy chamber and facilities for admitting and expelling water from the chamber to control the buoyancy of the vehicle.

The vehicle can be designed to accommodate a crew or alternatively it can be equipped with remote control devices so that no operator staff is required.

According to another aspect on which the invention relates in general is not limited, a system is created by the invention that a vehicle of the above-described Kind in connection with a device for moving the vehicle into a position from which it comes into contact with said lower surface of the component can move.

Devices for measuring the position and orientation of the vehicle with respect to the device can be provided.

The devices for measuring can be suitable for the radial To measure the distance of the vehicle from the device and the bearing of the device with respect to the vehicle.

The device can consist of a pontoon which is suitable to be placed above and in contact with the vehicle

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to become, whereby the vehicle and the pontoon can be lowered together and are vertically movable in the submerged state.

Means can be provided to change the buoyancy of the pontoon.

The pontoon and the vehicle can be designed such that they can be arranged in a vertical shaft in the component, the pontoon being provided with means to to seal the space between its outer circumference and the wall of the shaft.

The pontoon can be designed with means for engaging the wall of the shaft through which in the vertical direction the pontoon can be fixed in relation to the shaft.

The vehicle and the device can each have a pressure chamber, devices are then provided to enable pereons to switch between the pressure chambers, while both chambers are submerged.

In another aspect, the invention relates in general is not limited, the invention provides a submersible component that is suitable for underwater use to be anchored lying ground and which has an underlying surface that is brought into contact with the ground can be, wherein the component in connection with a device for moving a vehicle of the above-described Kind is provided in a position in which the vehicle moves in contact with the surface below and the underwater bed can remove and excavate underneath the component.

The last-mentioned device for moving may be different from that described above Be kind «,

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The device may have a "movable portion of the part of the Represent the component that forms the surface below.

The component can extend upward from the lower surface Have shaft in which the vehicle and the device can be arranged movably.

Devices (for example the aforementioned sealing devices) be provided for sealing the shaft, so that the water from the excavated ground below the lower surface can be pumped out.

To establish the connection between the pressure chamber of the device and a part of the component that lies above the water surface when the component hits the underwater bed-> has been lowered, a diving bell can be provided.

The component can consist of two separate parts, namely a foundation part defining the lower surface with a Substructure that protrudes above the surface of the water when the component has been sunk and a superstructure part that protrudes above the Water surface is carried by the substructure.

In another aspect to which the invention relates in general is not restricted, the invention provides a method for anchoring a component in an underwater bed created, in which the component is arranged on the ground and the ground is excavated and removed below the component, wherein the excavation is carried out by means of a vehicle having a positive buoyancy, which is located on a lower surface of the component moved and which is equipped with excavation devices.

During the process, it is possible to excavate under the component in this way

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that it is on a number of spaced apart areas (for example at four corners) is supported and that the effective load on these areas is then increased in such a way that that the component sinks into the ground.

If the component has a recess (e.g. a shaft) that extends upwards from the lower surface, The vehicle preferably withdraws into the recess while the component is sunk.

The effective load can be increased by the fact that the under the excavated space is sealed and the water is pumped out of this space.

The excavated space can be filled with pesticide material after the component has sunk into the ground to the desired extent became.

In the following the invention with reference to one in the drawings exemplified embodiment explained in more detail.

It shows:

Pig. 1 shows a submersible component according to the invention in the floating state;

fig. 2 shows the component according to FIG. 1 after being countersunk;

3 shows a vertical section through FIG. 2 with some additional individual parts;

4 and 5 vertical sections through part of the foundation float from FIG. 3 showing the excavation vehicle illustrate in two different positions;

FIG. 6 shows a section along the line VI - VI of FIG. 4;

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7a and 7b are top and bottom views of the excavation vehicle;

Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the foundation raft according to Figure 2, which illustrates the progress of the excavation;

FIG. 9 half of a section along the line IX-IX of FIG. 8;

10, 11 and 12 successive stages in the Anchoring of the foundation raft, these figures showing vertical sections like Figure 8;

13 is a section similar to FIG. 5 illustrating another embodiment of the invention;

14 shows the anchored retractable component with its perennial structure in a position in front of the final fitting and Figure 15 the permanent structure in the final position after attachment to the retractable component.

When manufacturing a component, which after completion in a Underwater lying ground, such as an ocean floor or the bottom of a lake, for example, is to be anchored, it is preferred prefabricate this component as much as possible on land and carry out a minimal amount of work at sea. In addition it comes that work at sea should be short-lived and simple in nature and not dependent on weather conditions or require expensive swimming equipment.

The illustrated embodiments of the present invention should meet these requirements. In the figures 2 and is a drilling rig that is used off the coast of the sea with a foundation raft 20, a substructure 22 and a superstructure

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24 (Figure 2) or 26 (Figure 15) illustrated.

In Figure 2, the foundation raft is illustrated resting on the sea floor 27 and in Figure 15 it is buried or anchored Condition shown.

The structure 24, 26 is at a safe height above the water level supported and its exact construction depends on the jje-VH-Iigen Intended use. Thus in FIG. 15 the. construction equipped with a derrick 28. In Figure 2, the structure is only intended temporarily and is used for anchoring of the foundation raft 20 to be used in the sea bed.

The substructure 22 supports the superstructure above the foundation raft 20 and consists of two rows of circular vertical "steel columns 32, which are free at the top and are expediently supported against one another in their lower areas, wherein these lower areas are under water in the installation position »

The upper part of the substructure has a minimal surface area that is exposed to the effect of waves, around the area caused by the waves to reduce evoked forces to a minimum.

The lower part of the substructure is the one caused by waves It is less exposed to forces and is consequently not built with the stipulation of the smallest possible surface extension. Instead, its construction is such that it has sufficient buoyancy to ensure that the The combination of substructure and foundation raft is sufficient. Has stability to be towed to the construction site.

The foundation raft 20 consists of a steel housing 34 (cf. Figure 3), the bottom of which is reinforced with concrete 36 to prevent the housing from being breached should it be in

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sink into an irregular bottom and sink around one at the same time To create a low center of gravity, so that the foundation raft and the substructure are stable when swimming and sinking. That Housing 34 is divided into a number of waterproof chambers 38, which are completely or partially floodable in order to control the sinking of the component. If the chambers 38 are not completely are flooded, the foundation and substructure have sufficient buoyancy and are stable enough to be able to Building site to be towed without the need for additional swimming aids.

The foundation raft 20 is formed with a flat lower surface 40 and a concrete reinforced manhole 32 extends

up from the lower surface 40 ₀ These details are important during the anchoring of the raft 20 in the sea bed and will be explained in more detail later.

The foundation raft 20, substructure 22 and temporary structure 24 are assembled on land to their final state. Of the The substructure has hoists (pulley blocks) 44 at the top of the columns 32 and the temporary structure 24 is equipped with winches 46, Cables or chains 48 run around the pulleys or blocks 44 and winches 46.

If the component is to be dragged from the construction site, wp4r installed is to be, the structure as illustrated in Figure 1 is temporarily on the upper parts 49 of the transverse stiffening structure supported between the columns 32. The component then becomes floating in any convenient manner as in Figure 1 towed.

When the component arrives at the construction site, the temporary one takes off Set up itself upwards by winding the chains or cables 48 on the winches until it is in the position shown in FIG illustrated situation. It can be seen that this

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lifting is a continuous instead of a discontinuous climbing process »In addition, the Hubrullen 44 and the Cable 48 does not have any bending moments because of the wave action from the pillars transferred to the structure 24. .

The foundation raft 20 is then partially flooded so that it sinks in a controlled manner to the sea floor 27, as shown in FIG Figure 2 is illustrated. The method of anchoring the raft 20 in the sea bed is then carried out by means of devices carried out, which are described below. These devices or equipment enable the foundation raft 20 is sunk into the seabed without the use of the normal compressed air methods that reduce the potential for water and limit foundation depths.

The equipment consists of a vehicle manned by a march 50, which can have a positive boost and which during the sinking of the raft is arranged in the shaft 42 below a floating body or pontoon 52. The float 52 has controllable positive and negative buoyancy.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the float has a receptacle a pressure chamber 54 suitable for a Mamschaft, which is ventilated via a line 56. The chamber 54 can be used as a decompression chamber should also be pressurized, should decompression be necessary for the march shaft of the vehicle 50 be. Surrounding the chamber 54 is a buoyancy chamber 58 which is flooded to a controlled extent can to control the buoyancy of the pontoon. An inflatable seal 60 is used to seal the space between the manhole 42 and the pontoon, which serves purposes which will be described below.

A diving bell 62 is arranged on a pulley system 64

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net to the transportation of the marahaft members from the chamber 54 to allow the surface. An airlock 66 allows Mainschaf members to move between the chamber 54 and the diving bell 62 can move.

As an alternative to diving bell 62 and airlock 66, a temporary access shaft between chamber 54 and the Structure 24 may be provided. Such a shaft, however, would be exposed to forces caused by waves, and the diving bell is seen as a simpler and safer solution.

The pontoon 52 is provided with three hydraulically operated pins 68 (Figure 6) that can be extended to engage with recesses 70 in the wall of the shaft 42 in order to thus fix the pontoon in the shaft 42. The recesses 70 are long slots which allow the pontoon to be positioned in any position between that illustrated in FIG and the position illustrated in FIG. 5 can be retained, which will be described in more detail later.

The vehicle 50 has a mother's compartment that consists of a Pressure chamber 72 is, which withstands the external water pressure when it contains air at atmospheric pressure, the is fed to the line 56 through an extension 74 (FIG. 5). The pontoon 52 has an airlock 75 that it allows men to transfer from chamber 54 to chamber 72 through hatches 76, 77 in chambers 54 and 72, respectively, if both are submerged.

Surrounding the chamber 72, a buoyancy chamber 78 is provided which, during operation, is exposed inside and outside to the water pressure is. This chamber can be flooded to the extent necessary to control the buoyancy of the vehicle 50. If the

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Chamber 78 is not flooded, the vehicle 50 has a positive buoyancy of several tons.

In its upper part, the vehicle 50 is provided with wheels or rollers, by means of which it is on the lower surface (cf. Figure 7a) of the foundation raft 20 can move. In this embodiment (compare FIG. 7a), a pair is opposite one another arranged, power-driven wheels 80 and two spherical free-wheeling wheels 82 are provided. The wheels are up arranged distributed a common center, which coincides with the axis of the vehicle 50, so that the vehicle around his can rotate its own axis and move in any direction. The wheels 80 are driven by hydraulic pressure motors, illustrated sketchily at 84. The source of print media for these motors is provided on assembly 24, and is conducted to the vehicle 50 via lines (not shown) Alternatively, the pressure fluid can be generated in the chamber 78 by an electrically operated pump. the Control of the motor is performed from inside the chamber 72. Instead of wheels 80, 82, the vehicle can have travel chains have, which run around deflection wheels and drive wheels.

The vehicle 50 is equipped with a pivotably mounted tool holder 86, on which a plurality of cutting or breaking tools are attached either rotating or hitting can »A rotating tool is illustrated at 88 adapted. From Figure 7b it can be seen that the tool holder is pivotable in a vertical, diametrical plane of the vehicle 50. Hydraulic working fluid for the tool (generated from the assembly 24) is fed through the interior of the tool holder.

Another similarly pivotably mounted tool holder 90 may carry an interchangeable mouthpiece 92 to handle a high pressure water jet to break up the soil. One after

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th hanging suction mouthpiece 94 is also provided, to remove loosened soil. The suction is generated on the structure 24 by a pump via a line 96. The pump is reversible, so that line 96 and mouthpiece 96 were suspended can supply solid material for pulling, which will be described later.

The vehicle has access hatches 98, 100 between the pressure chamber 72 and the buoyancy chamber 78 and between the buoyancy chamber 78 and the exterior of the vehicle 50 on "

These hatches enable the crew to use the tool 88, the mouthpiece 92 and the suction mouthpiece 94 service or replace can by pressurizing chamber 72 and then exiting into buoyancy chamber 78. Alternatively For example, the suction nozzle 94, which is flexible, can be drawn into the chamber 78 for maintenance (e.g. if it becomes clogged) is) The need for maintenance can be seen by observing the output from the line 96.

When the foundation raft 20 is lowered, there are Pontoon 52 and the vehicle 50 in the interior of the shaft 42, as is illustrated in FIG. To the anchoring process To begin with, the water is pumped out of the airlock 75 into the chamber 54. This forces the top of the vehicle 50 in sealing contact with the bottom of the airlock 75 and allows two men to exit through the hatches 76,77 the chamber 54 enter the chamber 72. The water pressure in the airlock 75 is then permitted again.

The pontoon's buoyancy is provided by the pontoon pressure chamber 54 thereby set so that some of the air is let out of the buoyancy chamber 58, thereby automatically admitting water and at some point the pontoon 52 and vehicle 50 will sink. Digs at rest on the seabed

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the vehicle 50 digs itself into the ground, as illustrated in Figure 4, until the pontoon 52 has sunk so deep, that its underside lies in one plane with the lower surface 40 of the raft 20, as is illustrated in FIG. At At this point, the pins 68 are brought into engagement with the recesses 70 in the wall of the shaft and the pontoon 52 can't sink any deeper. The vehicle 50 continues to dig its way down until there is a free space below which corresponds to the range of the excavation devices 86, 90 and the suction line 94. When this state is reached, the Wheels 80 are supplied with propulsion power and the vehicle 50 moves from the pontoon on the flat lower surface 40 of the raft 20 sideways, as illustrated in Figure 5, and begins digging while under the raft 20 around the Pontoon 52 moved in larger and larger circles until finally the raft on four triangular corner areas arranged at a distance 101 is at rest, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9.

The digging is carried out by breaking up the soft ground with the high pressure water nozzle 92 and the harder material by means of the tool 88. The broken up material is removed via the suction line 94. Rock barriers can be broken open with a heavy chisel (not shown in the drawings, but generally known as such). Limited areas of rock can be removed by means of a rock breaker (not shown) protruding from the side of the vehicle 50 _e

The most effective method of digging is to have downward forces applied to the material being removed will. Then the lower surface 40 of the raft 20 provides firm support for the vehicle and enables that the reaction forces on the vehicle 50 without an upward directional Movement of the fellow has been absorbed which the

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Would reduce the effectiveness of the digging process.

Palis to lift the vehicle against vertical surfaces has, the lower part of the surface is attacked with downward forces to create localized landslides. The loose material falls under the vehicle and is removed via the suction line. There is no danger to the vehicle 50, there the landslide shows a tendency to push it away from the surface.

During the excavation, boulders that are too large to be removed by the suction line can settle on the bottom of the Collect pit. It may be that these have to be reduced in size by the drop chisel if they interfere with the movement of the vehicle hinder.

As the excavation progresses, the foundation raft 20 sinks and the extent of this sinking is continuously checked, by detecting the free space between the vehicle 50 and the bottom of the pit. A similar review is being carried out by the Chamber 54 of the pontoon 52 carried out.

A preferred method of combined excavation and sinking is that the vehicle periodically returns to the shaft 42 and that the weight of the raft 20 is increased, by admitting sea water into the chambers 38. The raft then descends while the vehicle 50 is safely in the shaft 42 is located, the pontoon 52 itself in the position gemäfl Figure 4 has raised so that the vehicle can be picked up.

As the trench progresses, a state is finally reached in which the raft 20 lies at the level of the sea floor and has sunk so deep that the excavated space against the outside Water around the perimeter of the raft 20 is sealed. That

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Vehicle 50 then moves onto the lower surface of pontoon 52 and the pontoon and the vehicle move together into the position illustrated in FIG.

Thereafter, the chambers 38 of the foundation raft 20 are completely flooded in order to increase the penetration into the sea bed. The seal 60 is inflated and the suction line 94 _f 96 is used to pump the water out of the excavated space 102 (FIG. 10) faster than it can penetrate into the space 102 through the surrounding soil layers. The pressure in the space 102 is thus reduced and the downward force exerted by the raft 20 on the corner supports 102 is considerably increased (possibly up to 4 times) and the raft sinks deeper into the sea floor when the corner supports 101 cannot withstand this increased downward force.

This process can be repeated, if necessary, in that the seal 60 is relieved of pressure in the space 102 the external water pressure is equalized and the vehicle 50 is used to dig more material below the raft, Some of the water can be pumped out of the chamber 38 to reduce the load.

Ultimately, the decreased water pressure in the room and the corresponding temporary increase in the load on the room causes Supports 101 no further settling of the component, from which then it follows that the fourBskabstützungen 101 and the friction on the Side walls of the raft 20 can carry the component with a very large safety factor, since the temporarily increased Load on the supports considerably exceeds the weight of the component «.

Consequently, the raft 20 then does not have to be buried deeper

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and the vehicle 50 can now "finish work" by the room 102 below the raft with sand and gravel 104 (Figure 11) is filled again, whereby the safety factor of the foundation is enlarged again. The sand and gravel are taken from the sea bed somewhere else and via the suction line 94, 96 introduced. The outermost ends of the room are filled in that the sand and gravel are brought there by means of the high pressure nozzle 92 is judged. If necessary, the vehicle 50 can move out onto the undersurface of the raft 20 to complete the filling process perform.

When the filling work is completed and the chute 42 has been filled as much as possible (Figure 12), the pins 68 of the pontoon become withdrawn from their slots 70 in the Sehächtwandung. The buoyancy of the pontoon 52 and the vehicle 50 becomes insignificant set positive and the pontoon and the vehicle rise to the surface. Your job is finished. Alternatively to do this, the buoyancy can be set slightly negative, whereupon the vehicle and the pontoon then through to the surface a winch can be pulled up on the structure 24.

The vehicle 50 can also be made remotely controllable on the temporary structure 24 so that the vehicle is not manned must become. With remote control, the vehicle is equipped with closed-circuit television cameras and a sufficient external lighting, so that an operator on the superstructure 24 can control the excavation work. The equipment for sailing the movements of the companion and the activity of its various Excavation equipment 86, 90, 94 can be used for any particular vehicle in accordance with common practice in the art be designed hydraulic controls.

Since the vehicle is not manned, the pressure chamber 72 does not have to be be provided. The pressure chamber 54 in the pontoon 52, the diving bell 62 and the associated air locks 75, 66 can

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also omitted. The pontoon can only be made from a concrete slab exist, which actually represents a movable part of the bottom of the foundation river 20. In one of those The case, the inflatable seal ÖO can be arranged in a frame which is attached to the concrete slab.

With .remote control of the vehicle it is only necessary in emergencies or if the excavation facilities 86, 90, 94 are to be serviced, people must work underwater.

A remote-controlled vehicle is illustrated in FIG. 13 at 150. Parts of this drawing that have already been described with reference to the other figures of the drawing carry the same reference numerals as in the other figures of the drawing. ■

The vehicle 150 works in conjunction with a flat-bottomed concrete slab 52 that serves as a pontoon. The plate 152 can raised and lowered by cable 156. The downward movement 152 is limited by a projection 157 of such it is arranged that when the plate is in its lowest position, its lower surface is flush with the lower surface 40 of the raft 20 lies "

Compressed air is fed into the interior of the vehicle 50 via a line 58. The compressed air is controlled by a check valve 159, which in a riser pipe that is open to the external water pressure works so that the pressures inside and outside of vehicle 150 are approximately the same.

The vehicle 150 has a television camera 162. To enable ea A gyrocompass 164 shows the angled position so that the operator on the structure 24 knows the position of the vehicle Alignment or orientation of the vehicle and a range finder 166 the radial distance of the vehicle from the central

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point of the pontoon plate 152.

The range finder consists of a wire connected to the center of the pontoon plate 152 at 170 and passed through a Guide sleeve 172 over a tensioning roller 174- "to a drum The guide sleeve or the guide tube is pivotable about a vertical axis in the roof of the vehicle 150 attached. The length of cable unwound from the drum 176 indicates the distance of the vehicle from the point 170 and the The angular position of the guide tube 172 indicates the bearing of the point 170 with respect to the vehicle 150. These two variables together with the output variable of the gyro compass completely define the position and bearing of the vehicle 150 »

Similar location and Peil - Aufepüereinrichtungen can with the manned vehicle 50, if necessary, may be provided.

A telescopic hydraulic jack 178 is provided to Take samples in order to level or to carry out pressure block tests of the seabed.

It is obvious that both the manned and the unmanned remote-controlled embodiment of the vehicle it is possible to determine the exact location and orientation of the vehicle and overlook the progress of the excavation work under the raft 20.

When the foundation FDcß 20 in the seabed in the required Height is buried, and the chamber 38 is completely flooded, the component is safe against any probable Weather conditions. When the temporary structure 24 is removed, the tops of the pillars 32 with the blocks 44 thereon are the single files of the component that are exposed to the weather; all cross reinforcements are now below the surface, because the Foundation raft 20 is sunk into the seabed "

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The permanent structure 26 leaves the factory as complete closed buoyant seaworthy unit that has all the necessary equipment and options installed and ready for use.

This construction is towed to the construction site and when the flood and Weather conditions are suitable, it is brought into the position illustrated in FIG. 13 between the columns 32.

Heavy winches 1D8 on structure 26 are used in conjunction with the light lifting blocks 44 are used to move heavy lifting blocks onto the tops of the columns 32, with the heavy lifting blocks Lift blocks are illustrated in Figure 14 installed at 110.

Heavy chains and cables 112 are attached to the lifting platform 110 Winches 108 guided, and by means of this, the structure 26 lifts itself out of the water. When he reaches the required level, permanent assembly fixtures for body 26 are installed in place of lifting blocks 110. These permanent assembly facilities consist essentially of beams 114 (Figure 15) which contact the tops of pillars 32 via lobes 116 stand so that victory components cannot be transferred from the pillars to the structure due to the effect of the waves.

It is evident that the full load-bearing capacity of the support columns is established before any permanent load on the structure is applied and that lifting starts immediately when the columns are loaded

The lifting process is a continuous lifting operation and not a discontinuous climbing up the support columns, like this is the case with known liftable platforms

Lifting operation is completely independent of any wave or wave action as soon as the structure is out of the water

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and not in its final position while it is being lifted the structure is exposed to additional bending stresses result from the wave effect on the substructure.

All of those mentioned in the description and in the drawings recognizable technical details are important for the invention.

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Claims (1)

- 21 claims 1 ./Driven to the excavation under a arranged on an underwater bed Component, characterized in that the vehicle (50, 150) has an adjustable positive buoyancy and devices (80, 82) by means of which the vehicle (50, 150) has a lower surface (40) of the component (20) can be brought into contact and moved on this and that devices (86) for receiving of excavation tools (88,90,94) are provided. 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by power-driven wheels or shoulders (80) for making contact and for movement on the lower surface (40). 3ο vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the wheels or rollers (80, 82) are arranged in such a way that the vehicle (50, 150) can be moved in all directions on the lower surface (40) and is rotatable about its own center. 4o vehicle according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with excavation tools (80, 90, 94), which consists of a cutting or breaking head (88) and / or devices (90,92) for generating a high-pressure water ice shower and / or a suction pipe (94). 5ο vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through a buoyancy chamber (78) and means for admitting and expelling water in the chamber (78) for controlling the Buoyancy of the Companion (50,150) 6 ο system characterized by a vehicle (50, 150) after a of the preceding claims in combination with a device (52, 152) for moving the vehicle (50, 150) into a position which this is in contact with the lower surface (40) of a building 209835/0813 part (20) can move. 7 o System according to claim 6, characterized by devices (164, 166) for measuring the position and orientation of the vehicle (50, 150) with respect to the device (52, 152), 8 _e system according to claim 7, characterized in that the devices (164, 166) for measuring are designed in such a way that they determine the radial distance of the vehicle (50, 150) from the device (52, 152) and the bearing of the device (50, 152) with respect to the vehicle (50, 150). 9o system according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the device (52, 152) consists of a pontoon (52, 152), the one in contact with the vehicle (50, 150) above the same is arranged, the vehicle (50, 150) and the pontoon (52, 152) together submersible and submerged vertically are movable «, 10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized by means (58) for changing the buoyancy of the pontoon (52). 11 ο system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the pontoon (52, 152) and the vehicle (50, 150) can be accommodated in a vertical shaft (42) in the component (20), and that the pontoons (52, 152) with means (60) for sealing of the space between its circumference and the wall of the shaft (42) is provided. 12. Plant according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the pontoon (52) with means (68) for engagement with the Wall of the shaft (42) is provided in order to fix the pontoon (52) with respect to the shaft (42) in the vertical direction. 13 system according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 12, 209835/0813 characterized in that the vehicle (50) and the device (52) each have a pressure chamber (72 "or 54) and that devices (75,76,77) for letting people through between the pressure chambers (72,54) during teide Chambers (72,54) are submerged, _c 14. Retractable suitable for anchoring on an underwater bed Component which has a sub-surface suitable for contact with the underwater bed, characterized in that, that the component (20) in combination with a device (52, 152) for moving a vehicle (50, 150) according to claim 1 is provided in a position in which it moves in contact with the lower surface (40) - nd the underwater bed (27) can excavate below the component (20). 15o component according to claim 14, characterized in that the Device (52) consists of a pontoon (52) with variable buoyancy. 16. Component according to claim 14, characterized in that the device (152) has a movable part (152) of the part of the Component (20) which forms the lower surface (40). 17. Component according to claim 14, characterized in that the component (20) extends to the top of the lower surface (40) Has shaft (42) which is suitable to the vehicle (50,150) and the device (52, 152) movable therein to record. 18. Component according to Claim 17, characterized by devices (60) for sealing the shaft (42), so that water from the axiB raised ground <2?) Is pumped out below the lower surface (40). 19o method for anchoring a component in a submerged 209835/0813 sergrund, in which the component is arranged on the ground and the
The ground below the component is excavated, characterized in that the excavation is carried out by means of a vehicle having a positive buoyancy, which moves on a lower surface of the component and which is equipped with excavation devices. 2O ₀ Method according to claim 19 »characterized in that excavation is carried out under the component in such a way that it rests on a number of spaced apart areas and that the load acting on these areas is then increased in such a way that the component sinks into the bottom. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the vehicle is retracted in a recess in the component which extends upwards from the lower surface, during the
Component sinks. Method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the effective load is increased in that the excavated space is sealed under the lower surface and there is in this
The water in the room is pumped out, 23ο method according to one of the preceding claims 19 to 22,
characterized in that the excavated space is filled with solid material after the component has been sunk into the ground to the desired extent _β 209835/0813