DE2158297A1 - POLYESTER FIBERS FOR FILLING PURPOSES AND METHOD FOR THEIR MANUFACTURING - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to new polyester fibers or threads for filling purposes which have excellent bulkiness, good resistance to compression, have good processability and an excellent grip. The invention also relates to a method for Manufacture of such fibers or threads.

The polyester fibers are because of their good physical properties and in particular because of their excellent resilience as filling fibers for fillings in quilts, suitable for winter clothes and pillows. For this reason, filler fibers are made from various polyester fibers. For example polyester fibers for filling materials as composite fibers with helical Commercially available crimps made from polyesters with varying degrees of polymerization are or are also available as hollow fibers with non-helical crimps, which are thereby produced that the hollow polyester fibers are mechanical

309822M135

Crimps are given

However, these filler materials, which consist of conventional polyester fibers, are not only inadequate in the bulk and the resistance to squeezing, but also show a variation in these properties when the filler materials are used over a long period of time will. These lasers are therefore for use as filling materials not fully satisfactory for quilts, winter dresses and similar items.

When looking for a remedy to the above mentioned disadvantages of conventional polyester fibers used as filling or wadding * were used, it was found that these disadvantages do not occur with polyester fibers that only Secondary ripples and a certain number of primary ripples, have a percentage of yarn hollowness and apparent denier of individual filaments and that the fibers could be made into filling materials with satisfactory processability and hand. Farther it was found that polyester fibers with special, above-described structures and properties only through a combination of a special crimp and a heat treatment could be produced.

The invention therefore mainly creates polyester fibers or threads with properties that the fibers or Making threads suitable for use as filling materials. Furthermore, the invention provides an advantageous method for the economical production of polyester fibers with properties which the fiber or threads for filling purposes make suitable. The invention is also intended to provide an extremely useful material for use as a filling or wadding for quilts, winter dresses, sleeping bags, seat cushions and other similar items. Other features

309822/1135

and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description emerged.

The invention provides polyester fibers for filling purposes with the feature that the fibers consist of a polyester of at least 85% ethylene-TerjDhthalet units and 7, o to 10, o crimps on 25 mm of primary crimps and 1.5-2, o Have crimps to 25 mm of secondary crimps whose crimp degree is at least 3o $ and whose degree of crimp elasticity is at least? O f ° , and in which the $ rate of fiber hollowness is 1o - 3o $ and the apparent denier of the individual threads is between 5iO and 9 , ο denier.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. In the drawings show:

1 shows an enlarged view of a polyester fiber according to the invention

2 A and 2 B enlarged cross-sections through polyester fibers according to the invention

3 shows a simplified representation of an apparatus for producing the polyester fibers according to the invention

4 shows a schematic representation of a modified form of the device for production the inventive polyester fibers and

FIG. 5 shows an enlarged illustration of an in FIG

above devices used Stauchkamtnor «.

The polyester fibers for Fülzvjecke according to the invention lift according to the illustration in FIG. 1, two types of

ΜΠΟΟ00 / 110Κ

S 0 9 8 2 2/1135 _ßA0

Crimps, namely primary and secondary crimps, which is one of the characteristics of the polyester fibers of the present invention. The primary crimps are fine crimps which are conventionally given mechanically and can also be seen, for example, in staple fibers and are denoted ^{by a and a 1 in FIG. 1.} The secondary crimps, on the other hand, are large and easily stretchable crimps which can hardly be seen in conventionally crimped staple fibers and are denoted by b and b 'in FIG. 1. The number of crimps, degree of crimp and the degree of crimp elasticity of Sekundärkräuselungen is gemssen else at a temperature of 2O ° C and a relative humidity of 65 tf ° as described below V /.

If the length of the single thread reaches the value e ^ (mm) after an initial load of 0.15 mg per denier has been applied for a period of 2 minutes, then the length of the thread after a 2-minute application of a load of -2 , 1o mg per denier for stretching the secondary crimps reaches the value e ~ (mm) and the length of the thread after removing the previous load and applying a load of ο.15 rags 0 ^e denier for a period of 2 minutes When the value e, (mm) is reached, the previous values can be calculated as follows:

Number of crimps Number of secondary crimps ^{= Ä}

χ 25 (crimps / 25 mm)

Degree of ripple _ βρ - e ^ χ i ₀ o

the secondary ripple ~

Degree of crimp elasticity e ^ - e,

of the secondary ^{ripples =} "7 ^{x 1o} °

^e 2 " ^e 1

309822/1135

When determining the crimp properties of the primary crimps in the manner described above in connection with the secondary crimps, an initial load of 2.1o mg per denier instead of 0.15 mg per denier and one Load of 50 mg per denier instead of 2.10 mg per denier for the Stretches of the primary ripples applied. Otherwise, the measurements were made in exactly the same way as when measuring the secondary crimps made. The number of ripples of the primary ripple, the degree of ripple of the Primary curls and the degree of curl elasticity of the primary curls were calculated using the same equations. In the measurement method described above, the load of 0.15 mg per denier is an initial load for conditioning of the specimens and is not large enough to extend the secondary or primary ripples. the Load of 2.1ο mg per denier is the load that only the Secondary pimples, but not essentially the primary pimples can stretch out. However, the load of 50 mg per denier is the force that both secondary and can extend the primary crimps in practically all cases, but cannot stretch the thread or fiber itself.

The percentage of hollowness of the fiber shows the ratio of the apparent cross-section of the fiber that is dated by the hollow section is occupied and calculated using the equation below:

Cross-sectional area of the percentage of ₌ hollow section χ Ι00 (90

Hollowness, cross-sectional area of the

Fiber (including the hollow section)

The apparent denier of the individual fibers is a measure of the size of the hollow fiber and is calculated according to the following equation:

309022/1135

apparent denier. _ Denier of the individual fibers of the individual fibers 1 percentage of hollowness / 100)

The polyester fibers for filling purposes geinäss the invention, the degree of curl is the Primärkräuselungen preferably 18 - 28 $> and the degree of crimp elasticity of Primärkräuselungen is preferably zwichen 7o and 9o $. The degree of crimp of the secondary crimps is preferably between 3o and 4o $ and the degree of crimp elasticity of the secondary crimp is preferably between 7o and 9o $

The length of the polyester fibers according to the invention for filling purposes is preferably between 30 and 160 mm when the polyester fibers are in a state in which the primary and secondary crimps are stretched out without stretching the fiber itself. This condition can be achieved by applying a load of 50 mg per denier to the fibers.

The various excellent properties which the polyester fibers according to the invention have for filling purposes, come about through a synergistic effect, that of the union of the above described ^ different properties originates. The fibers for filling purposes, whose bulkiness and resistance to compression is great and with which these properties are retained over a long period of time and their grip is also pleasant and their Processability is good in accordance with the aim of the invention, cannot be achieved if any of the foregoing . Conditions are absent. For example, if the number of crimps of the primary crimps is over 1o, can sufficient bulk can no longer be achieved. If, on the other hand, this number is below 7, it does not suffer from it only the resistance to compression of the fibers, but also the property, the deviation in fluffiness and

309822/1135

Resistance to compression and to maintain these properties over a long period of time. If the properties of the secondary crimps are outside the range given above, the bulk and / or the resistance to compression and the deterioration. Property of resisting the variance in these properties for a long period of time. If the percentage of hollowness of the fibers is less than 10 $ , the bulk becomes uneven, while with fibers over 30 $, the hollow portion collapses during crimping, making it difficult to produce the desired fibers for filling purposes . If the apparent denier of each fiber is less than 5 denier, the fibers will not have sufficient rigidity. On the other hand, if this value exceeds 9 denier, not only does the bulkiness suffer, but the grip also becomes poor.

The polyester fibers, which have the various properties mentioned above, have a very high grade of curling ability and that calculated in the following way Curl index is usually above $ 50.

L _x , - Lp curl index = χ 1οο

In this equation, L ^ means the length of the individual Of thread after applying a load of 13 grams per denier for a duration of 3o seconds, Lp the length of the thread if it was kept in an unloaded state for a period of 1 minute

The cross section of the polyester fibers according to the invention for purposes of use is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The outer cross section of the polyester fibers is circular and the cross section of the hollow section is either circular or polygonal.

309822/1135

The above fibers are made of polyethylene terephthalate. However, the fibers can also consist of a copolymer polyester which contains at least 85 mol ^ of ethylene terephthalate units. The term polyester in the description ■ '■: used ■ and in the claims in the sense that also modified polyethylene terephthalate with addition of less than about I5 $ mol of another ester-forming compound is included. Such other ester-forming compounds can be, for example diethylene glycol, other Polymetbylenglycole of I-I0 carbon atoms, hexahydro-p-xylylene glycol, aroma W diagram dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic, Dibenzosäuren and Hexahydroterephthalsäuren, aliphatic acids such as adipic acid, hydroxy! Acids such as acetic acid hydroxy acid and the like.

These polyester fibers can also contain stabilizers, matting agents and other additives.

The above-described polyester fibers of the present invention, when used as obtained or after further treatment such as carding, become fibers for filling purposes having excellent bulk, excellent resistance to compression and resistance to deviation x ^r on these properties over a long period of use, the fibers also have a pleasant feel and are easy to process.

The term "filler material", which has sometimes been used differently in the context of this description, is intended mean that one or more layers of essentially unidirectional staple fibers to form the filler materialc available. The properties of fiber for filling purposes were determined by their initial construction, suammengciarücktei) bulkiness, springback of bulkiness

309822/1135

BATH ORIGINAL

and breaking strength of the ridge top assessed. These properties were determined using the methods described below.

Initial bulkiness

Twenty grams of a sample were placed in a cylindrical container 10.4 cm in diameter. A disc that is in corresponded approximately to the size of the cross-section of the cylinder, was placed on top of the sample and a load of 0.5 gr each € p / cm applied. After 2 hours the volume was ever gr · of the sample is calculated from its height in the cylinder. This has been referred to as the original bulk. This The value which is a measure of the bulkiness of the fibers is at least Ho cm per gr in the case of fibers according to the invention. The original bulkiness of conventional products is at most in the order of magnitude of 100 cm per gr.

Squeezed bulkiness

ρ Instead of the previous load of 0.5 gr per cm

ρ
a load of 9.5 gr per cm was used and the volume per gr. of the sample from its height after 1? Hours calculated. This value is known as the 'compressed bulk. This value is not only a measure that indicates the resistance to compression deformation of the fibers, but is also a measure of the resistance to a deviation from bulkiness and the resistance to compression deformation over a long period of time, as the results of an actual use test show that a deviation from the previous properties is small when the value for the compressed bulk is large. The fibers according to the invention show a compressed bulk of at least 3o gr per cm, so that their resistance to compression deformation and their resistance

309822/1135

gen a deviation from bulkiness and resistance against compression deformation over a long period of time is great. With conventional products, the compressed structural

■ 7. at most in the order of 25 grams per cm.

Springback of bulkiness

After the previous compressed bulk was reached, the load was immediately reduced to 0.5 gr

changed per era and, after 5 hours, the volume per gr. of the sample was calculated, after which the value obtained in this way was divided by the above-mentioned original bulkiness. The value thus obtained, expressed as a percentage, is the springback of the bulk. The fibers according to the invention had a springback of about 75 ° *

Breaking strength of the sliver or sliver ( Oliver)

A sliver sample of polyester staple fibers with a linear density of about 2 grams per 20 cm was prepared. This fiber tape was subjected to a tensile test, The test length was 20 cm and the tensile speed was 20 cm per minute. The tensile strength of the sliver, which is based on the slippage between the staple fibers was measured, whereupon the value thus obtained by weight the sample was shared. The value obtained in this way is referred to as the breaking strength of the sliver. If this If the value is too large, the carding property is bad. if on the other hand, if this value is too small, there is the disadvantage that the fibers are lost during carding or during use break or come loose. If you have both the demand for easy carding and the demand for one Good behavior of the fibers as a filler that has to stand up during constant use is one Breaking strength of the sliver between 150 gr per gr and 250 gr per gr. To be preferred. The slivers from invention

309822/1135

according to fibers for filling purposes all fall within this range.

The erfindungsgeraässen fibers for filling purposes have one comfortable grip and satisfactory rigidity. The actual use tests that took place after the Quilts and quilted garments made using wadding made from these fibers showed also satisfactory results.

The new polyester fibers according to the invention described above for filling purposes are prepared by the procedure described below.

A cable or bundle of a multitude of stretched, hollow threads made of at least 85 mol of ethylene t ^ erephthalate units is ^{heated to 70 I4.0 0} O directly in front of a stuffer box, with the restriction that the apparent denier per cm of the width of the of the stuffer box-fed cable (D denier / cm), the following equations are sufficient if the cable is fed to the stuffer box and the crimps are applied:

3.0 χ 10 ⁴ <D <10 χ 10 ⁴ and 0.5 χ 10 ⁴ W ² <D ^ 6.3 x 10 ⁴ W ²

Here, W denotes the numerical value in cm of the distance between the doctor blades or doctor blades of the stuffer box. This is followed by a heat treatment of the cable, while it is maintained in a state in which the cable is above $ I00 "relaxed in the longitudinal direction and the density of the cable between 2oo and 4oo kg, per m ^. The cable is then cut into prescribed lengths. Thus the inventive filler fibers are produced «,

The inventive method is now based on 309822/1135

Drawings explained in more detail.

According to FIG. 3, an unstretched, hollow cable 1 made of polyester is stretched hot with the aid of steam emerging from a steam nozzle 4 at a point between a set of feed rollers 2 and a set of take-off rollers 3. The stretched cable 5 runs on over a guide roller 6 to a slot heater 8, which is arranged directly in front of the stuffer box 7. After the cable 5 has been heated by the heater 8, it is pushed into the compression space 1o ^{with the aid of two gripping rollers 9 »9 1.} A flap 12 with a weight 11 is arranged at the outlet end of the stuffer box 1o, a back pressure being exerted on the cable 5 pushed into the stuffer box 1o, thereby imparting the crimps to the cable. The cable 13 'which emerges from the compression space 1o is fed to a heat treatment device 15 with the aid of a feed pipe 14 and taken up by this device in a relaxed state. This will be described in more detail later. The side walls of the heat treatment device 15 are provided with small holes 16 for the introduction of hot gases. The cable 13 is heat treated by introducing hot gases through the small holes 16. The cable 13 is then pulled out of the heat treatment device 15 and fed to a cutting device, not shown, where the cable is cut into suitable lengths.

4 shows a perspective view of a modification according to the invention. In this case, a drawn, hollow cable 5 is preheated by being immersed in a hot liquid bath 17 and then introduced ^{into an upsetting chamber 1o with the aid of gripping rollers 9, 9 1.} The crimped cable 13 emerging from the stuffer box 1'o is rotated 90 ° with the help of a guide 24 and fed to a J-shaped chute 18 with the help of a feed pipe 14 and packed together in the chute in a relieved state.

309822/1135

BATH

At the exit end of the J-shaped chute 18, a flap 2o is provided with a pneumatic cylinder 19, whereby is the packed density of the crimped cable 13 in the slide 18 can be regulated. Bas crimped cable 13 that has been packed together in the J-shaped chute 18 is, is withdrawn from the chute 18 in this packed state and brought onto a net conveyor 21, which the cable in a V / heat treatment device 22 with circumferential Introduces hot air in which the cable is heat-treated. After the completion of the heat treatment, the curled Cable 13 from the exit end of the heat treatment device 22 withdrawn and fed to a cutting device, not shown, where the cable in appropriate lengths is cut.

In the method according to the invention, the heat stretching of the unstretched polyester cable 1 can also take place with the aid of a heated pin or by blowing on hot steam or — with the aid of a hot liquid bath. Inflating superheated steam is particularly useful. A tow with a relatively large denier can be heated uniformly in a drawing operation in which superheated steam is blown. In this way, uniform stretching becomes possible. Since the heating takes place instantaneously at the point of inflation of the steam and the heating is not applied for a long period of time, there is the advantage that the degree of crystallization of the stretched cable 5 is low and the cable in the stuffer box 7 can be crimped more easily. In .diesem case, the temperature of the inflated vapor between I00 and 12o ⁰ O. is a draw ratio between 3.0 and 6.0 X, preferably between 3.5 and 3 * 5 X is used.

When feeding the stretched, hollow cable 5 to the stuffer box 7, it is necessary to bring the cable 5 to 70-140 ° C to preheat before it is introduced into the stuffer box 7 »

309822 / t135

When the preheating temperature is low, the number of crimps and the degree of crimps of the crimps change Secondary ripples with the consequence that the bulkiness and the springback of the bulkiness of the resulting Fibers for filling purposes suffer from this. The breaking strength of the sliver also decreases, which leads to a deterioration in the processability of the fibers. V / enn "on the On the other hand, if the preheating temperature is too high, the number of crimps and the degree of crimping of the secondary crimps becomes too large, with the result that the breaking strength of the sliver increases, which leads to poor passage of fibers in cadding and difficulties when processing the. Fibers for filling purposes occur. A. Another disadvantage is that the break of individual threads increases during the crimping process. If a preheating process with a damp V / poor, such as a water bath or steam, is used, the preheating temperature is preferably between 70 and 100 ° C. But when a preheating process with a dry heat, such as a hot air or slit hiter, is used, the preheating temperature is preferably 100-12o ° C. A Treatment agents, such as a textile oil, can can also be used in the preheating bath.

A first feature of more importance in the method according to the invention is that the cable is fed into the stuffer box and provided with crimps under the condition that between the distance W (cm) of the doctor blades 23 and 23 'of the stuffer box 7 shown in FIG apparent denier per cm (D denier / cm) of the width of the elongated hollow tow fed to the crimper, the relationship is 0.5 χ Ιο ⁴ W ² <. D <6.3 χ Ίο W., preferably
3.1 χ 1o ⁴ W ² <D <4.5 x 1o ⁴ W ² or 3.7 χ 1o ^ <E <1o ϊ 1o, preferably 4.5 x 1o ⁴ <D <7 x Ίο ⁴ .

309822/1135

The term "apparent denier per cm of the width of the The elongated hollow tow "fed to the crimper" indicates a value obtained by the first calculation the apparent denier of the drawn hollow tow out of its total denier using the following Equation and then rushing the so obtained apparent denier of the gob was obtained by the width in cm of the tow to be fed to the crimper.

Apparent Denier _ Total denier of the cable of the cable

1- (Percentage of the hollowness of the threads forming a cable

1oo

The apparent denier calculated in this way per cm of the width of the cable is indicated by the symbol D (denier / cm) expressed in this description and in the claims.

The width of the goble fed to the crimper is usually between 15 and 150 cm. The inventive The method can, however, also be carried out with a cable, the width of which is above or below this Values lies.

If the relation O.5 χ 1o ⁴ W ² - £ ■ D 4. 6.3 x 1o ⁴ W ²

between the distance W (cm) of the doctor blades 23 and 23 'and the apparent denier per cm (D denier / cm) of the width of the stretched, hollow cable is not fulfilled, the desired secondary crimps with 1.5 - 2.ο crimps / 25 mm and a degree of curl of 3o fo cannot be achieved. It is therefore only possible to obtain products which have a lower bulkiness and a lower resistance to a reduction in bulkiness during a long period of use, as well as an unsatisfactory hand and an inadequate workability. the

309822/1135

Best results are obtained when the crimps broken up under one condition, which is the relationship

3.1 x 1o ⁴ W ² -f D f 4.5 x1o ⁴ W ² fulfilled. If the apparent denier per cm (D denier / cm) of the width of the drawn hollow cable is less than 3.7 χ 1o ⁴ , the crimp becomes inconsistent and stable operation is not possible. However, if this value is more than 1o χ 1o ⁴ , the cable clogs the curling device and its operation becomes impossible. The crimping device can be operated most stably when this apparent denier value (D denier / cm) is between 4.5 x 1o ⁴ «£ D <· 7 χ 1o ⁴ .

In order to achieve the desired number of crimps of the primary and secondary crimps, the internal pressure of the compression space 1o of the compression chamber 7 preferably between

ο
2.0 and 4.3 kp / cm. The internal pressure of the compression chamber of the compression chamber is a pressure which was measured with the aid of a strain gauge, which is arranged in the central part of the compression chamber at a distance of 70 mm from the point of engagement of the gripping rollers.

A second, important feature of the method according to the invention is that it is ensured that when the heat treatment is carried out on the cable which has been provided with crimps in the above-described manner, it is ensured that the heat treatment is carried out under a condition in which is the percentage of relaxation, tension of the cable in the longitudinal direction at least 1oo $ and the density of the packed cable is kept at a value between 2oo and 4oo kg per w ^J. "Percentage of relaxation of the cable in the longitudinal direction" is a numerical value which is recovered in the manner described below. Two points are marked on the cable at a suitable mutual distance. The distance between these two marks, the length of the cable at its

3Q9822 / 1135

Heat treatment is measured, is denoted by A. on on the other hand, the distance between the two above-mentioned marks is denoted by B, if the distance is measured when the tow is brought into a state in which the primary crimps are substantially maintained remain, but the secondary ripples are essentially stretched (this condition can be achieved by applying a load of 2.1ο mg / denier to the cord). The percentage of tow in the machine direction can then be calculated as follows:

(B-A)

Percentage of relaxation = χ 1oo 00.

If the percentage of relaxation of the cable in its longitudinal direction is less than 100 percent, it decreases the degree of crimp of the secondary crimps, causing deterioration in bulk and drag against the reduction of bulkiness occurs during a longer period of use, as well as a poor grip arises. Also, the degree of crimping of the secondary crimps decreases when the density of the packed cable is below 200 kg per no. On the other hand, it is difficult to find that Increase density of the packed cable to a high value over 400 kg per nr. A heat treatment is carried out at temperatures carried out between 100 and 180 ° 0. The heat treatment can be done with both dry and wet heat. When performing the heat treatment of the Cable, the cable can be fed directly into the heat treatment device shown in FIG be packed. However, the cable can also first in a compression device, such as in the in 3? ig. 4 packed into the J-shaped slide shown and are compressed and then in this compressed state of a heat treatment device are fed.

The crimped cable, 309822/1135

has been heat-treated, is then using a conventional Cutting device cut into three to 16 cm long pieces, resulting in the hollow polyester fibers that are used as Fill material can be used. The fibers obtained in this way are then carded in a conventional manner align the pasers. A single layer of a web obtained in this way or several superimposed layers these tracks can then be used for filling purposes. When laying the web layers on top of one another, it is advantageous that the different layers are arranged one on top of the other in such a way that the grain of one layer is the The fiber direction of the overlying fiber layer crosses.

The materials obtained in this way are extremely useful as filling materials for quilts, winter clothes, Pillows, sleeping bags, seat cushions and other articles.

The following examples and counter-versions are intended explain the invention in more detail.

Examples 1-7 and counter-experiments 1-4

Polyethylene terephthalate with a basic viscosity of 0.62, measured in o-chlorophenol at 35 ° G, was melt-spun at 28 ° G. The freshly spun threads were then taken up at a speed of 450 m / per minute in order to obtain an undrawn yarn, the individual threads of which have a denier of 19. The cross section of the undrawn yarn was circular and hollow as shown in FIG. 2A and the degree of hollowness was 2o $> stretched. The temperature of the steam blown through nozzles was 110 ° G. The denier of the individual threads of the stretched cable was 4.2 and its hollowness was 20 $. Thereupon the curling

309822/1135

and heat treatment in an apparatus shown in FIG. 3 under the conditions listed in Table 1 for the preheating temperature, percentage cable relaxation performed during the heat treatment and the density of the packed cable during the heat treatment. That on Cable crimped and heat treated in this way was then cut in lengths of 5 ·? mm cut off. The width of the crimper fed cable was 1.8 cm, the apparent denier per cm of the width of the cable D had a V / ert of 61,7oo denier / cm and the distance W of the doctor blades was 1.3 cm. The heat treatment was carried out at 120 ° O for 30 minutes with the aid of hot air. The euf Polyester staple fibers obtained in this way consisted of individual fibers, their denier 5.2 and their hollowness 2o $ fraud. The apparent denier of each fiber was 6.5 · The original bulk, that when compressed Bulkiness, the springback of the bulkiness and the breaking strength of the sliver were measured as these Staple fibers "have been made into filler material. The resistance to a reduction in bulk during use and the feel and processability of the fibers were numerically determined. The results obtained are shown in Table 2 together with the corresponding measurements and numerical determinations of commercially available polyester fibers included for filling purposes.

309822/1135

- 2ο -

1 Table 1 Cable dis- Density of attempt 2 Preheating tension packed, 1 temperature of Cable (kg / nr) 3 Cable (° C) 300 300 example 4th 85 300 300 example 2 85 300 300 Counter-attempt 3 65 300 300 example 5 75 300 300 example 4th 135 300 300 Counter-attempt 6th 145 90 300 Counter-attempt 7th 85 120 300 example 85 300 180 Counter-attempt 85 300 220 example 85 300 380 example 85

309822/1135

attempt 1 Primary curls e-
lungs
(Crimps /
25 mm) Table 2 Degree of Krau
the se-
'Kundärkräuse-
lungs 00 Degree of frizz
elasticity of
Secondary frills
lungs ($) curled fibers) Original
Bulkiness
(cm ³ / g) 95 example 2 7.1 Secondary frills
lungs
(Crimps /
25 mm) 33.3 75.8 12o 114 example 1 9.8 1.65 33.5 75-8 115 Counter-attempt 3 9.1 1.65 28.5 76.0 1o5 example 4th 9.4 1.45 33.5 75.9 118 example 2 9.0 1.65 35.4 79.0 121 Counter-attempt 3 9.1 1.9o 37.4 82.4 118 Counter-attempt 5 9.0 2.05 29.0 76.0 1o8 O example 4th 9.0 1.65 3o.5 76.0 113 40
CD Counter-attempt 6th 9.0 1.65 29.5 76.0 1o8 ' Ν » example 7th 9.0 1.65 31.0 76.0 114.00 #O example 9.0 1.65 35.2 76.0 121 K *, JLJ. ' ^f '' 1.65 ι 4 * »
W. Commercial product A Commercial product (circular and ; t B hollow, mechanical (conjugated fibers)

- Continuation -

cn 00 ro

Table 2 - continued -

attempt

Compound Bückfede Bruchfe resistance pushed the building of the stigkeit against the schigkeit Bauschig- d. Paser diminution (cnr / g) keit bandes tion of the construction *

00 (g / g) schigkeit b.

Use handle

processing

Overall result

example 1 3 5 31 example 2 4th 37 Counter-attempt 1 27 example 3 6th 36 ta
O example 4th 7th 4o 40
OQ Counter-attempt 2 44 K)
K) Counter-attempt 29 «Ν. example 32 44 Counter-attempt 28 UI example 31 example 38

88
92
87

9o
94

95
9o

92

89

9o
93

170 I80

140

I80 23o 32o 170

170

170

170 19o good excellent
excellent excellent
inadequate inadequate

excellent excellent excellent inadequate

Well

inadequate

Well

excellent excellent
outstanding
inadequate

easy
inadequate

Well

easy
inadequate

Well

outstanding

Well

outstanding

easy
inadequate

outstanding

excellent inadequate

Well
Well

Well

excellent inadequate

excellent excellent inadequate inadequate

well ^ tS

inadequate

good good excellent excellent

'easy easy

Commercial product A 24 84 200 inadequate inadequate inadequate in.zureici.cz.d (circular and hollow, mechanically curled fibers) easily Commercial product B 22. 83 90 inadequate inadequate inadequate inadequate (conjugated fibers)

cn co

Examples 8 - 15 and counter-experiments 5 - B

Polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.58 "measured in o-chlorophenol at 35 ⁰ C" was melt-spun. The freshly spun threads were then taken up at a speed of 600 m per minute in order to obtain an undrawn yarn, the individual threads of which had a denier of 18. The undrawn yarn produced in this way had a circular cross-section and a hollow section with a polygonal cross-section as shown in FIG. 2 B. The degree of hollowness of the thread was 20 $. This undrawn yarn was combined into the cables of different sizes listed in Table 3 and stretched 3.6X under the same conditions as in Example 1, the denier of the individual threads of the stretched cable was 5.0 and its hollowness was 20 #. The stretched cable was then provided with crimps in the device shown in FIG. 4, the preheating temperature 90 ° O and the internal pressure of the stuffer box being 3.2 kgf / cm Relaxed 3oo # and compressed in the chute to a density of 300 kg / m *. In this state, the cable was fed to a heat treatment device in which the cable was heat-treated for 20 minutes at 125 °. The heat-treated cable was then cut into lengths of The hollowness of these staple fibers was 20 $ and the individual fibers had a denier of 6. The apparent denier of the individual fibers was 7 x 5 denier, and the width of the tow being fed to the crimper was 5 cm and the distance V / the doctor blade changed according to the information in Table 3

The crimp properties of the staple fibers, as well the original Bausehiglceit, the compressed building

309822/1135

the bulkiness, the resilience of the bulkiness and the breaking strength of the laser tape were measured when the staple fibers were made into filler material. These measurements with the numerical indications of resistance to a reduction the bulkiness during use as well as the handle and the processability are summarized in Table 4.

309822/1135

: 5 apparent
Denier des
stretched
Cable
(Denier) Table 3 apparent
Denier «ever
cm the porridge
te des ge
stretched
Cable
(Denier / era) permissible Be
kingdom of de
nier s je c ^m
the width of the
Cable
(Denier / cm) attempt 8th 175,000 Distance W
. from the
streifmes
ser (cm) 35,000 37,000 - 9o <72o Counter-attempt 9 19o ooo 1.2 38,000 37,000 - 9o 72o example 1o 215,000 1.2 43,000 37 000 - 9 0 724 example 11 225,000 1.2 45,000 37,000 - 9o 72o example 12th 315,000 1.2 63,000 37,000 - 9o 72o example 13th 33o 000 1.2 66,000 37,000 - 9o 72o example 6th 445,000 1.2 89,000 37,000 - 9o 72o example 14th 460,000 1.2 92,000 37,000 - 9o 72o Counter-attempt 7th 475,000 1.2 95,000 37,000 - I00,000 example 15th 510,000 1.6 1o2 000 37,000-100,000 Counter-attempt 8th 250,000 1.6 5o 000 37 000 - 51 o3o example 26o 000 O.9 52,000 37 000 - 51 o3o Counter-attempt 0.9

309822/1135

Tabel

attempt

Primary ripples

(Crimps / 25 mm)

Secondary ripples

(Crimps / 25 mm)

Degree of ripple of the secondary ripples

Degree of crimp elasticity of the secondary crimps

original bulkiness

cnr / g

Counter-experiment 5 Example 8 Example 9 Example · 1o Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Counter-experiment 6 Example I4 Counter-experiment 7 Example I5 Counter-experiment 8

9.3 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.0 9.1 8.9 9.0

8.8 8.6

1.52 1.65 1.70 1.68

1.65 1.62 1.48 1.67

1.46

3ο.5 75.8 11ο 32.5 75.2 114 33.5 76.0 118 33.2 75-8 " 116 32.8 76.2 115 32.2 75.9 114 29.8 75.5 1ο7 \ 3ο.5
mm 75-7 111 O ^
• 32.6 76.0 112 28.8 75.7 1ο5 - Port setting - KJ CJI
CX)
KJ
CD

Table 4 (continued)

attempt 5 together
pressed construction
schj-gkeit
(cm Vg) Feedback
tion of the
Puffy
speed Fraction
sturdiness
of the fiber
band
(g / g) resistance
against Ver
reduction
the puffy
at Ge
need Well handle Processing total
availability result Counter-attempt 8th mm mm mm outstanding example 9 3o 9o 170 outstanding Well good Good example 1o 34 92 I70 outstanding Well good Good example 11 37 92 I90 outstanding outstanding outstanding α example 12th 36 91 I90 Well outstanding outstanding! OO
KJ Example 13th 34 91 ISO inadequate Well excellent good NS example 6th 31 9o ISO outstanding Well excellent good "" ν
~ Λ Counter-attempt 14th 28 9o "HO - easy
inadequate slightly inadequate
insufficient ^ ₀ to
cn example 34 94 I80 Well Well excellent good "* Counter-attempt 15th - - - inadequate - __. '_ example 8th 31 91 I70 Well good Good Counter-attempt 26th 87 I40 easy slightly inadequate

inadequately inaccessible

In the case of counter-test 5, the crimper shook and could not be operated. In counter-experiment 7, operation became impossible because the cable was in clumped together in the curler.

Examples 16-18 and counter-experiments 9-11

Polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of ο «58», measured in o-chlorophenol at 35 C, was spun at different spinning temperatures and cooling conditions, then the freshly spun threads were taken up at a speed of 500 m per minute to unstretched yarns with a different percentage To achieve hollowness and a different thread denier. The yarns obtained in this way were combined into cables and drawn 4.2X. The cables were then preheated at 90 ° C. and crimped in a stuffer box at an internal pressure of 2.6 kp / cm. The width of the tow fed to the crimper was 8.0 cm and the apparent denier per cm (D) of the width of the drawn hollow tow was set to a constant value of about 45,000 denier / cm. When the percentage of hollowness of the individual threads forming the drawn tow was measured to determine the apparent denier value, there was essentially no difference from the percentage of the undrawn yarn. The distance W between the doctor blades was 1.0 cm. After the crimps had been applied in the manner described above, the tow was heat-treated with a relaxation of 25o% and a density of 300 kg / m 2 for 120 minutes at a temperature of 125 ° C. The cable was then cut into lengths of 53 roms and made into staple fibers. The cross-sectional shape of the fibers obtained in this way corresponded to the representation in FIG. 2 B. The number of crimps of the primary crimps of these fibers was 8.5 crimps per 25 w, the number of crimps of the secondary crimps was about.

309822/1135

1.7 crimps per 25 mm, the degree of crimp of the secondary crimp was $ 33, the degree of crimp elasticity of the secondary crimp was 78 °, and the percentage of hollowness, the denier of the individual threads and the apparent denier of the individual threads were as shown in Table 5 shown values. The properties of the filler made from these fibers are shown in Table 5.

309822/1135

Tabel

attempt

Hollow it (*)

- origin- together-

Denier of the bill

resistance handle

Lent building crowd squeezed threads (cirr / g) bulkiness (cmVg)

hard disagreement against the nier of the reductions tion of the threads, bulkiness during use

Processability

Overall result

Counter-attempt 9 5-0

Q example

2 16 11.0 »At-

£ game 17

** At-
.- ^ game 18 25.0 ω counter-

«" Try 1o25.O

Counter-attempt 11 18.0

OK

1o6 28 5.0 5.3 insufficient
lich insufficient
lich slightly un-
permissable insufficient
lich 110 32 5.0 5.6 Well Well Well good 0 116 33 5.0 6.1 emerged
towering - emerged
outstanding emerged
outstanding emerge- '
rager-d 123 ■ 36 5.0 6.8 emerged
outstanding emerged
outstanding emerged
outstanding emerged
outstanding 130 25th 3.1 4.1 insufficient
lich insufficient
lich slightly un-
permissable insufficient
lich 100 42 8.2 10.0 insufficient
lich insufficient
lich insufficient
lich insufficient
lich

cn

CO N)

CD

Example 19

Polyethylene terephthalate - isophthalate (copolymer mol ratio = 9o / 1o) with a basic viscosity of o.6o, ge measured in o-chlorophenol at 35 ° C, was spun, stretched, crimped, heat treated and cut into lengths of 55 mm as described in Example 1.

The properties of the resulting fibers for filling purposes are summarized in Table 6.

table 6

Number of primary ripples Number of secondary ripples

Degree of ripple of the secondary ripples

Degree of crimp elasticity of the secondary crimps

Hollowness

apparent denier of the individual fibers "

original bulkiness compressed bulkiness overall result

8.5 crimps / 25 tr _; m

1.8 crinkles / 25 mm

35 i °

76 ? °
18.0 fo

5.8
116 cnr / g 31 cirr / g good

Examples 2o - 22

Polyethylene terephthalate with a basic viscosity of o.6o, measured in o-chlorophenol at 35 ° C, was at 285 ° C melt spun. The freshly spun threads were taken up at a speed of 500 m per minute The unstretched hollow yarn obtained in this way, the individual threads of which had a denier of 19, bosass one of the illustration in Fig. 2B corresponding cross-sectional shape and hotte a

309822/1135

$ 2o hollowness. This yarn became a cable of 4oo ooo "denier. Subsequently, the cable stretched, crimped, heat-treated as in Example 1 and cut into lengths of 5.5 cm with the exception that the heat treatment according to the specifications in Table 7 have been modified. The properties of the resulting staple fibers as well as the properties of the wadding made from these fibers are summarized in Table 7

Table 7 '-

attempt

Heat treatment temperature Number of primary crimps crimps / 25mm) Number of secondary crimps (crimps / 25mm) Degree of crimp of secondary crimps (tf)

Degree of crimp elasticity of the secondary crimps 0 ») original bulkiness (cm-Vg)

compressed bulk (cm7g)

Resilience of bulkiness Breaking strength of the sliver

Resists bulk reduction in use

handle

PROCESSIBILITY

Overall result

(g / g)

Example 2o Example 21 example *

9.9
.1.65

33-2

9.9

1.67
33.4

72 81 9o 112 116 118 31 36 38 78 87 91 150 ¹ 181 190 slightly un- '
adequate emerged
outstanding emerged
outstanding Well emerged
outstanding easy
permissable Well emerged
outstanding herν or
outstanding Well emerged
outstanding Well ~ Claims -

309822/1135

COPY

Claims (9)

EXPECTATIONS 1. Polyester fibers for filling purposes, characterized in that the lasers have a polyester whose proportion of ethylene erephthalate units is at least 85 percent, and that the fibers are hollow and primary crimps with 7.0 - 1o.o crimps per 25 mm and secondary crimps with 1.5 - 2.0 crimps per 25 mm. and that the degree of crimp of the secondary crimps is at least 3o i ° and the degree of crimp elasticity of the secondary crimp is at least 7o i ° and that the fibers have a hollow percentage of 1o - 3o $ and an apparent denier of the individual fibers between 5o and 9 · Ο have denier. 2. Polyester fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the average crimp index. "- of the fibers is at least 50 ° . 3. Polyester fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the pasers is 3o - 16o mm, if they were elongated until the primary and secondary ripples were extended. 4. Polyester fibers for filling purposes, characterized in that the fibers have a polyester whose proportion of ethylene terephthalate units is at least 95 mol percent, and that the fibers are hollow and have primary crimps with 7.0 - 1o.o crimps per 25 mm and that the degree of crimp of the primary crimps is 18-28 fo and the degree of crimp elasticity of the primary crimp is between 7o and 9o $ and that the strands have secondary crimps with 1.5 - 2.ο crimps ge 25 mm and that the degree of crimping of the secondary crimps -between 3o and 4o f <> and the degree of crimp resistance of the secondary crimps is between 7o and 9o% and that the fibers have a hollow percentage 3G9822 / 1135 _C0PY ■ - 34 - A rate of 1o - 3o i ° and an apparent denier of the individual fibers between 5-o and 9. o denier. 5. A process for the production of polyester fibers for filling purposes, characterized in that a cable made of a large number of stretched, hollow threads of at least 85 mol percent ethylene terephthalate units is ^{heated to 7o - Ήο 0} C immediately before being introduced into a stuffer box and then heated in the stuffer box is initiated and crimped with the restriction that the apparent denier per cm (D denier / cm) of the width of the tow fed to the crimper satisfies the following two conditions: 3.7 χ 1o ⁴ pf 1ox 1o * and 0.5 χ 1o ⁴ W ² ν ^D Γ ⁶ 3 ^x Ιο ⁴ W ² where W is the numerical value in cm of the distance between the scraper knives of the stuffer box, and that afterwards the cable is heat-treated while maintaining it in a state in which the percentage t his relaxation in the longitudinal direction at least $ 100 - and the density of the packed cable is 2oo - 4oo kg / nr, and that the cable is then in the prescribed lengths is cut up. 6. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that the temperature for heat treatment of the cable between 1oo and 180 ° C. 7. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that the stretched cable by stretching an unstretched Cable is reached while the cable is with a. Steam- 309822/1135 - '55 - ■ heated to a temperature between 100 and 12o ° C and that the steam jet is blown across the direction of transport of the cable. 8. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that that the stretched cable is preheated before being introduced into the stuffer box by passing it through an aqueous bath passed through at a temperature between 70 and 100 ° C containing a finishing agent. 9. Filler material with at least one layer of crimped, hollow polyester fibers with a fiber length from 4ο - 16o mm, which is essentially in one direction aligned, the filling material as a whole having an original bulk of at least 'Ho cm / g, a compressed auschigkeit of at least 3o cm / -g and a resilience of bulkiness of at least Has $ 75. 3s Blank page