DE2157313A1 - Method and device for casting prefabricated components - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-ING. R. LEMCKE

Patent attorney, 11/16/71

Karlsruhe / Baden (10772 ) & / br

■ Gerard Ge or ge s 1-ioulet
Jacques Marcel Saas
Gilbert Felix louet

Method and device for casting prefabricated components

The present invention relates to a method and a device for casting flat finished parts for house construction, the device consisting of a frame with a flat base.

For the prefabricated components mentioned above, it should be

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mainly to prefabricated licking, floor or Act wall parts that have standardized dimensions and can be used with any floor plan and with all 'conventional scaffolding.

Such prefabricated components are already available in various designs, each with their own particular advantages. and have disadvantages. Basically, however, results in an economically justifiable Production of the disadvantage that due to the lightweight construction, the sound and heat insulation is extraordinary bad is.

The invention therefore relates in the narrower sense to such prefabricated components that consist of a concrete core for example clay, slate and the like. This core is on its four sides and on his one base of a frame made of ordinary concrete, on its other base of one Surrounded by a smooth plaster-based coating.

To produce such a prefabricated component, this coating is first poured into a casting mold with a flat, smooth bottom surface. The core, which expediently has the shape of a flattened truncated pyramid and is made of light clay concrete, is then applied to this layer. Finally, the core is sheathed on its four side surfaces and the upper base surface.

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The object of the present invention is to rationalize the production of these prefabricated components. ijaJoex is to create a casting mold that can be opened quickly and easily by removing the hardened component part and enables rapid adaptation to the desired dimensions of the prefabricated component, in particular with regard to its projections or recesses.

1 hese .aufgäbe, in an apparatus for fcf.-ener G-Ieken Precast for rl & usbau consisting of a iiannien ^r IIIT planar base, according to the invention solved in that this üruixcfloche by, a bottom plate whose _ ;? ng-e the x.iihe corresponds to the prefabricated part, is formed, that the base plate rests on a longitudinally displaceable chassis and along its edges has 3 boundary plates for the upper and lower edge of the prefabricated part and that between these border plates attached to it transverse Ee _c: ren2ungsplatten for ieitenianten of the finished component arranged "-lie obei'er urä lower - e ^ are renzungsplatten thereby zvvecKir'i'iigervieise by pins and hlemrnsciirauten to AEEN ^H:.; the bottom plate secured r.derr_ The creation of a number of successive fixing holes in the parts to be connected gives the possibility of finely graduated lanes to achieve. By attaching angular pieces, recesses or torso tunnels can be created in

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the wall parts are generated.

Further advantageous refinements of the inventive concept emerge from the subclaims.

The production of the prefabricated components according to the invention expediently takes place in such a way that the freshly cast components are first placed in an underground Drying tunnel are treated, with the individual steps for pouring, for example pre-cleaning and assembly, above this drying tunnel the casting mold, filling in the lower plaster layer, applying the core, etc. The individual above ground Procedural stages are just like the A conveyor belt runs through the drying tunnel. These Both conveyor tracks lying one above the other are connected to each other at the entrance and exit of the drying tunnel by a lifting device. Other advantageous Refinements with regard to the working method emerge from claims 13 to 19.

The solution according to the invention allows extensive automation of the previously very labor-intensive Manufacture of such prefabricated components. At the same time, you come with less skilled workers than before. Due to the underground arrangement of the drying oven directly below the other processing stages On the one hand, there is a gain in usable floor space in the factory hall, on the other hand excellent insulation of the drying oven. Certain

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Heat losses that cannot be avoided during operation are used to heat the factory halls.

Further advantages and features of the subject of the application emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to drawings; it shows:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an inventive Device for casting wall parts along the line I-I in Fig. "2-;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of such a device;

3 shows an enlarged section according to FIG Line III-III in Fig. 1;

4 shows an enlarged detail of the invention Contraption;

5 shows a side view of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 6 shows the production run of the wall parts according to the invention in sohematischer ^{representation:} position;

FIG. 7 shows a plan view according to FIG. 6;

8 and 9 the filling of the raw materials in the device according to the invention and

10 shows a device for separating the cast wall part from its base.

.The indigenous. 1 to 5 shown device M is used

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for the production of so-called prefabricated wall parts. It goes without saying that such wall parts Can also be used to build floors or ceilings.

Me device M "consists of a flat, smooth and horizontally lying base plate 3, which is attached to a chassis 2. On this base plate, the dimensions of the desired wall part are determined by a composite frame State are used, this frame consists of an upper limit plate 4A, a lower limit plate 4B and two transverse plates 4C

The upper and lower limit plates 4A and 4B are attached to the sides of the bottom plate 3 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) and several pins 18 and by means of pressure screws 20 firmly to the base plate tied together. The pressure screws 20 are screwed into arms 21, which are fixed to the beam 14 of the chassis 2 connected axes 22 are pivotable.

Me transverse plates 4C rest on the base plate 3. They are only about several pins 40 that are in holes 41 of the upper and lower delimitation plates 4A and 4B, with these delimitation plates tied together. The holes 41 are at a constant distance D on the upper and lower loading

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Boundary plates 4A and 4B attached. This distance is expediently based on certain standard sizes. - paü.t imd is, for example, 30 cm

The pins 40 are expediently on pivot arms 42 attached, which in turn by means of a screw bolt 44 on reinforcement surfaces 43, respectively RT: end of the ^ uerplatten 40 are attached.

La the swing arms 4 2 have a certain play can and 2 ede wuerplatte 40 wrap over the bottom plate 3 in addition is an easy replacement is "" .or plat th 40 guaranteed, though fairly large manufacturing tolerance s are possible..

In this way "one obtains wall parts of stepped", length, whereby each step corresponds to the distance D » however, if a certain "part length is required, which does not fit into this grid, this length can be determined by appropriately dimensioning the swivel arm 42 definitely realize it.

The height of the parts, which is determined by the distance between the other and lower restricting plates 4A or 4-B is determined, is constant and on, for example 2.5 πι normalized.

After removing the upper or lower limit plate 4A and 4B, the two transverse plates 40 can also be removed, so that the finished cast

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Wall part can be removed without difficulty.

The assembly of the frame is also corresponding on the base plate 3 easily and quickly after cleaning the frame elements.

That . Removing one of the limiting plates 4A or 4B can, as FIG. 5 shows, result from a hydraulic lifting device 53.

In the embodiment shown, the upper delimitation plate 4A is particularly suitable for a lightweight and suitable for quick removal. It consists essentially of an angle iron 15, which is supported by webs 16 and panels 17 are reinforced.

At the free angle of a plate 17 there is an opening 45 'for its meaning below is received. The web 16 is in the immediate vicinity Contact with the plate 17 (see FIG. 2) and has a downwardly projecting pressure surface 46. The opening 45 and the pressure surface 46 serve to anchor a rod 50. As FIG. 5 shows in more detail, This rod 50 slides in a housing 51 and is guided by support rollers 52. The axial displacement the rod 50 is carried out by a hydraulic lifting device 55.

The free end of the rod 50 is in a '48 out, which at its upper end by means of an in

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of the opening 45 plugging mandrel 4-7 is articulated to one of the plates 17. Through a clamping screw 49 ' The rod 50 can be attached to the bracket 48.

In addition, the rod 50 carries at its outer end a vertically extending threaded pin 54, which is shown in FIG rotatable with a screw attached to the rod is. By appropriately turning the threaded pin 54, its head can be in contact with the pressure surface 46 are brought.

After pouring out one or more wall parts the same base plate, this is moved a little bit lengthwise on its chassis 2 until the plates and the webs 16 come to rest in front of the rods 50. The clamping screws 49 are loosened, the tabs 48 connected via the mandrels 47 with two plates 17 while the threaded pins 54 are brought into contact with the pressure surfaces 46. Thereupon the clamping screws 49 is tightened so that the limiting plate 4A is now supported by the rod 50. As soon the fastening parts 20, 21 are released, the limiting plate 4A can be pulled off by operating the lifting device 53.

2, to produce a wall part P (see FIG. 1), a layer 1, which consists of a plaster of _{paris or silicate sand mixture T,} is first poured over the base plate. This layer 1 forms the later interior

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wall of the wall part and can be a few cm thick. It is automatically smoothed on its outside by resting against the base plate 3.

By means of four sheets, not shown, a volume 5 is defined above this layer 1, which is for this purpose with a lightweight concrete, for example using high-alumina fused cement or air-entrained cement, to be filled. This concrete consists in a manner known per se from clay particles occurring in vacuoles, which by a hydraulic Binders, such as cement, are connected. This allows a relatively light concrete of approx. 700 kg / m to be produced, which is characterized by an extraordinarily high level of heat and sound insulation.

Such a concrete core floats to a certain extent over the layer 1 and, since it is not yet completely hard has become, there is an intimate connection "at the joint contact surface" during the further joint hardening.

The sides of the core can if this is the shape having a truncated pyramid, are generated by a sheet metal frame. This will be removed as soon as whose interior is filled and the upper free surface of the core is smoothed. Thereby the shape of the core is maintained by the inherent adhesion of the core material.

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If one or more side surfaces of the core are to be designed vertically or overhanging, so can the side surfaces are held in place by support plates until the core casing is poured in v / earth. Then these support plates can be removed, the wall part possibly vibrating is subjected. Such a vibratory movement also has the advantage that the Density of the wall part is increased and any gaps between the various cast Materials are removed.

After inserting the core, the "wall part" is through Reinforcing the casting of a frame 6 made of ordinary concrete. Additional reinforcement bars can also be used here 7 come into use. The outer wall 8 of the wall part can be made from the same concrete, for example, in that it forms a top layer 9 with a high concentration of gravel, the pebbles being subsequently Wash out can be made visible. Instead of such a vvaschbetonschicht, however a layer of white cement or a decorative sexton can also be provided, including the Use of ceramics, glass coatings and the like are contemplated is to be drawn.

The outer wall 8 is expediently covered with a braid 10, which is connected to the reinforcement bars 7. There is also the possibility

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Provide channels for lines, pipes and the like in the wall part by making appropriate Plastic pipes are inserted *

In order to facilitate the connection of the wall parts with each other or with the ceilings and floors of the "building, the wall parts can be provided with projections, ribs or grooves at their edges.

Fig. 3 shows a possible embodiment of the top and bottom of a wall part according to the invention.

The upper delimitation plate 4A has a bent, raised edge plate 23, which is reinforced by plates 55. The flat part of this raised edge plate, which rests on the horizontal leg of the angle iron 15, has several elongated slots (See also Fig. 2) and next to it a hole.

The angle iron 15 in turn carries threaded pins 57 which traverse these slots 56. In addition, in the angle iron 15 successive bores 58 attached, which are aligned with the corresponding holes in the raised edge plate 23.

In one of the stepped holes 5β and in the corresponding one Bore of the raised edge plate sits a pin 59, which for its easier actuation has a handle 60. laugh appropriate selection the holes through which the pin 59 -

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is inserted, you can fix the raised edge sheet, by tightening some screws 57A on the threaded pins 57 .. By the possibility of the run of the angle piece 24 to vary, the recess created thereby in the wall part to any Joints that are "produced, for example, by floor coverings, are adapted according to the height of this covering will. In addition, the raised edge plate forms a recess 25. This recess 25 corresponds to a projection 28, which is formed by a corresponding Formation of the boundary plate 4-3 generated. v / ird.

In this way it is possible to create external walls, partitions, decorative facades and wall parts for a door or Establish lintels or other openings.

The already described pulling on a chassis mounted casting molds as well as the subsequent hardening and removal of the wall parts is carried out in the 6 and 7 explained in more detail, the devices used in this case being shown in detail in FIGS. 8 to 10 are.

The lower rope of the production facility consists of a drying tunnel 30 through which the mobile casting molds 32 can travel on rails 31. Above the dryer there is also a track 34 along which the various processing stages P ₁ , P ₂ ... P _n run. For

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In the event that, for example, the outer front of the wall part is to be washed off, an additional processing stage P * can be provided, for example at the end of the upper rail track 34, beyond a lifting platform 35, which enables the transition of the casting molds from one rail track to the other In the embodiment, this lifting platform is shown as a spindle-operated scissor lift 36.

Preferably, the platform of the lift in its upper position serves as a shutter for the Drying tunnel. In this way, a special closure for the egg n and the outlet opening of this tunnel is unnecessary.

The lifting platform 35> which connects the exit of the drying tunnel 30 with the beginning of the rail route 34, also establishes the connection to a work surface A, on which the unloading of the finished wall parts and their transport to the warehouse can take place.

The introduction of the layer 1 or the edge layers 9 and 9 is expediently carried out using the method described in J? Ig. 8th device shown.

A bridge rolls on a double running rail 80. A carriage 62 is suspended from this bridge 61, the a container 63 carries. Below this container runs a conveyor belt 64 on which a Slit 65 the contents of the container 63 gradually

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emptied. The slot 65 is between the conveyor belt and the lower end of the container, so that there is a uniformly thick continuous layer of material forms on the conveyor belt when the bridge 61 is moved along the double track 80 will. In this way you can the desired material layers 1, 8 and 9 in parallel, adjacent Create ribbons.

The frame 6 is filled out with the aid of the in-Fig. 9 shown device.

The contents of the container 67 are conveyed by a screw 68, which is driven by a motor 70, pressed out of the vertical opening 69. By relocating the bridge 61 can be the two long sides of the frame and by moving the carriage 62 the fill out both webpages.

Ivach disassembly of the confining plates 4A, 4B and 4 C. can seated on the bottom plate 3 wall portions "by the in FIG. Device 10 shown be removed. This device is advantageously at the point I" ₂ (see. Fig. 7) installed on work surface A.

The chassis 2 is driven onto a swivel bridge 71, which with the help of a lifting device 73 a Can perform pivoting movement about axis 72 and shifts from the horizontal position to the vertical position. This swivel bridge has

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a stop 74 for the long side of the base plate on, corresponding to the lower delimitation plate 4B and a recessed stop 75 for the wall part P. If the swivel bridge is now raised, the wall part P slides on the base plate 3 down until it hits stop 75. This makes layer 1 without the risk of damage detached from the base plate 3. By a arranged above the wall part, not shown in detail liubelement this is finally removed.

Of course, those referred to as wall parts can be used here Elements can also be used for ceilings and floors.

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Claims (19)

215731a (10772) - 17 - ■ Claims 1 .J Device for casting flat prefabricated components for house construction, consisting of a frame with a flat base,
characterized, that this base area is covered by a base plate (3), the length of which corresponds to the height of the prefabricated component (l), is formed that the base plate (3) on a longitudinally displaceable chassis (2.) rests and along their edges delimitation plates (4A, 4B) for the upper and lower "edge of the prefabricated component and that between these delimitation plates (4A, 4B) attached to it, transverse delimitation plates (4C) are arranged for the side edges of the prefabricated component. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower boundary plates (4A, 4B) by pins. (18) and pressure screws (20) on the corresponding edges of the base plate (3) are attached. 3 * Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the upper and lower boundary plates (4A, 4B) consecutive bores' (41) have a normalized distance from one another 2 0 9 8 3 9/0625 have and that the transverse delimitation plates (4C) are provided with pins (40) which in these holes protrude. : 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that that the pins (40) of the transverse limiting plates (4C) at the end of pivotable arms (42) are arranged. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the pivot arms (42) have an adjustable length exhibit. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that that the limiting plate (4A) for the upper Edge of the prefabricated part carries an angle piece (24), which creates a recess for a ceiling or floor covering in the prefabricated component, the thickness of which is through an adjustable, raised edge plate (23) can be fixed. 7. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that the increased Randbleeh (23) a Bend to form a recess (25) on the _{fc has} outer edge of the prefabricated component and that Ψ the lower limit plate (4B) on its outer side Edge has a projection (28) corresponding to this recess (25). 8. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized 209839/0625 C * net that the horizontally extending leg (15) of the "angle piece (24) has a series of transverse bores (58) which correspond to The thickness of the ceiling or floor covering can be applied by using a number of appropriate Bores in the raised edge plate (23) can be brought into - ^ eckuiig that the position of the raised Edge plate (23) is carried out by pins (59) passing through the bores mentioned and by screws (57a), the screws (57a) on threaded pins (57), which sit on the horizontal leg (15) and through slots (56) parallel to the rows of holes of the edge plate (23) protrude, are attached, 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the longitudinal delimitation plates (4a, 4B ) carries fastening elements (48, 54) for anchoring at least one horizontally extending rod (50) , d.he is arranged perpendicular to this delimitation plate and by means of a hydraulic nubvorriclitung (53) is axially displaceable. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that these fastening elements consist of one of the rod (? 0) crossed tab (48), which can be reduced in size with the rod and senicrecht to the limiter plate pivotally attached to this is and from an adjustable support (54), which sits at the end of the rod (50) and on a pressure surface (46) the limiting plate acts, 11. Device for casting flat prefabricated components for 20 9839/0625 BATH ORIGINAL the house building, "consisting of a sheathed core, characterized in that the side surfaces of this Kernes are made with the help of support surfaces. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that that the side surfaces of the core (5) are inclined and die'stützbleche a surrounding the core Form the framework. 13. Process for the production of prefabricated components with the aid of the device according to one of claims to 12, characterized in that an underground Drying tunnel (30) for curing the cast prefabricated components that is used vertically above this tunnel the individual processing stages are arranged so that the processing stages are the same as the A conveyor belt (31> 34) runs through the drying tunnel and that these two conveyor tracks are connected to one another at the ends of the drying tunnel. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that that this connection between the two conveyor tracks is provided by a lifting platform provided with rails takes place and that these rails can be connected to the superposed conveyor tracks and the Carry mobile pouring device. 15. The method according to claim 13 and 14, characterized in that that the platform of at least one lifting platform (35) is in its upper position as a lock of the drying oven is used. 209 8 39/0625 BAD ORIGINAL 16. Procedure after. Claim 13, characterized in that that at least one kill process of the mold takes place by means of a bridge (61) which is parallel to two and running rails (80) arranged above the conveyor track for the casting molds can be displaced so that the Bridge (61) carries a transversely displaceable carriage (62) on which a container (63) is suspended is, which at its lower end has a slot (65) for distributing the filling material. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the slot (65) with a conveyor belt (64) cooperates. 18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the container (67) is emptied by a screw conveyor (68). 19. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the last processing stage is a swivel bridge (71), which is mounted pivotably about an axis (72) arranged parallel to the conveyor path of the casting molds, and parts of the casting mold (2, 3) folds up from a horizontal to an at least approximately vertical position and that this Swivel bridge a stop (74) for the parts of the Has a casting mold and a stop (75) set back for the cast prefabricated parts, so that the prefabricated part in the course of the pivoting movement at least partially slips out of the mold. . 209839/0625 Blank page